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Data Sciences Class 10 Notes

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526 views3 pages

Data Sciences Class 10 Notes

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aadyaag2009
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Data Sciences: Study Notes for CBSE Class 10

What is Data Science?

 Definition: Data Science is an interdisciplinary field that combines statistics, data


analysis, machine learning, and related techniques to extract insights from data.
 It uses methods from Mathematics, Statistics, Computer Science, and Information
Science to analyze phenomena.

Applications of Data Science

1. Fraud and Risk Detection:


o Identifies unusual patterns to prevent fraud (e.g., in banking or insurance).
2. Internet Search:
o Processes petabytes of data for search results.
3. Targeted Advertising:
o Analyzes user behavior to display relevant ads.
4. Website Recommendations:
o Suggests content like movies, music, or products based on preferences (e.g.,
Netflix, Amazon).
5. Airline Route Planning:
o Predicts delays, optimizes routes, and plans efficient fleet management.

Data Science in AI Projects

1. Scenario Example:
o Restaurants preparing food in bulk face wastage due to incorrect demand
predictions.
o A regression model can predict food preparation quantities based on past data.
2. Steps in the AI Project Cycle:
o Problem Scoping: Define the problem using the 4Ws canvas.
o Data Collection: Collect data (e.g., dish name, quantity prepared,
unconsumed amount).
o Modeling: Train and test a regression model using collected data.
o Evaluation: Check model predictions for accuracy and refine it as needed.

Types of Data and Formats

1. Types of Data:
o Numerical Data: Quantitative (e.g., age, marks).
o Categorical Data: Labels or categories (e.g., gender, country).
2. Formats:
o CSV: Comma-separated values for tabular data.
o Spreadsheet: Data organized in rows and columns (e.g., Excel).
o SQL: Structured Query Language for database management.

Python Packages for Data Access

1. NumPy:
o Fundamental for numerical operations.
o Works with arrays (homogeneous data collections) and performs efficient
mathematical computations.
2. Advantages of Python Packages:
o Pre-defined functions reduce coding effort and errors.
o Examples: NumPy simplifies array manipulations.

Data Issues and Cleaning

1. Erroneous Data:
o Incorrect Values: Mismatched data types (e.g., a decimal in a phone number
column).
o Null Values: Missing values (e.g., NaN in datasets).
2. Missing Data:
o Empty cells in datasets, not always due to errors.
3. Outliers:
o Values that deviate significantly from the rest (e.g., 0 marks for an absent
student affecting averages).

Important Exam Questions and Answers

1. Define Data Science.


o Answer: Data Science is the study of extracting insights and patterns from
data using methods from Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science.
2. What is the role of regression in AI projects?
o Answer: Regression is a supervised learning model that predicts continuous
data values based on historical data.
3. List three applications of Data Science.
o Answer: Fraud detection, targeted advertising, and website recommendations.
4. Differentiate between CSV and SQL.
o Answer:
 CSV: Stores tabular data as plain text with values separated by
commas.
 SQL: A programming language for managing structured data in
databases.
5. What are outliers in data? How are they handled?
o Answer: Outliers are extreme values that differ significantly from others.
They are excluded during analysis to prevent skewed results.
6. What are the common formats used for storing tabular data?
o Answer: CSV files, spreadsheets (Excel), and SQL databases.
7. Explain the types of errors found in datasets.
o Answer:
 Incorrect Values: Data in the wrong format or type.
 Null Values: Missing or empty data cells.
8. Describe the NumPy package.
o Answer: NumPy is a Python library used for numerical computations,
supporting arrays and various mathematical operations.
9. What is the importance of cleaning data?
o Answer: Cleaning ensures data accuracy by removing errors, filling missing
values, and eliminating outliers, leading to reliable analysis.
10. MCQ Example: Which of the following is a file format used in Data Science?
o Answer: CSV.
11. Describe one real-life application of Data Science in airlines.
o Answer: Predicting flight delays and optimizing routes for efficiency.

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