INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH AND NEUROSCIENCES-

KASHMIR
Department of Psychiatry
GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE SRINAGAR

“Attachment Styles, Intolerance of Uncertainty and

Trait Anxiety among individuals with Anxiety
disorders”

DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO
UNIVERSITY OF KASHMIR

FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE

MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY (M.PHIL)
In

CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
2022-2024
By

Aeiman Rafiq

Guide Co-Guide Co-Guide

Dr. Sadaqat Rehman Draboo Dr. Bilal Ahmad Bhat Mr. Masood Maqbool
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Lecturer, Clinical Psychology
Department of Psychiatry Department of Psychiatry Department of Psychiatry
IMHANS, GMC, Srinagar IMHANS, GMC, Srinagar IMHANS, GMC, Srinagar
INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH AND NEUROSCIENCES-
KASHMIR

Department of Psychiatry
GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE SRINAGAR

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Dissertation entitled “Attachment
Styles, Intolerance of Uncertainty and Trait Anxiety among
individuals with Anxiety disorders” is an original and
independent work of Ms. Aeiman Rafiq carried out at the
Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Government
Medical College Srinagar. The study was done under my
supervision and is submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the award of Masters of philosophy (M. Phil) in
Clinical Psychology. This is an original study and no part of it has
been published or submitted to any other university for any
degree, diploma fellowship or other similar distinction from this
institution.

Dr. Sadaqat Rehman Dr. Bilal Ahmad Bhat Mr. Masood Maqbool
Draboo (Co-Guide) (Co-Guide)
(Guide)
 INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH AND NEUROSCIENCES-
KASHMIR
Department of Psychiatry
GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE SRINAGAR

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the dissertation entitled “Attachment Styles,
Intolerance of Uncertainty and Trait Anxiety among
individuals with Anxiety disorders” is an original and
independent work of Ms. Aeiman Rafiq carried out at the Institute
of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Government Medical College
Srinagar. The study was done under my supervision and is
submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of
Masters of philosophy (M. Phil) in Clinical Psychology. This is an
original study and no part of it has been published or submitted to
any other university for any degree, diploma fellowship or other
similar distinction from this institution.

Prof. (Dr.) Mohammad Maqbool Dar

(Head of the
Department)
Professor and Head
of the Department of
Psychiatry
Govt. Medical College, Srinagar.
 INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH AND NEUROSCIENCES-
KASHMIR
Department of Psychiatry
GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE SRINAGAR

DECLARATION
I, Aeiman Rafiq, hereby, declare that the present study entitled
“Attachment Styles, Intolerance of Uncertainty and Trait
Anxiety among individuals with Anxiety disorders” has been
conducted by me at the Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences,
Government Medical College, Srinagar, under the supervision of Dr.
Sadaqat Rehman Draboo, Associate Professor of Clinical Psychology,
active and helpful co-supervision of Dr. Bilal Ahmad Bhat, Consultant
psychiatrist and Mr. Masood Maqbool, consultant clinical psychologist,
Institute of Mental Health And Neurosciences, Srinagar.

This dissertation is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of

Master of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology.

I further declare that this is an original study and no part of it has been
published or submitted to any other university for any degree or diploma
prior to the date mentioned below.

Aeiman Rafiq
M.Phil. Scholar
 Table of Contents

S. No Title Pg. No
1-15
1. Introduction
16-26
2. Review of Literature
27-33
3. Methodology
34-49
4. Results
50-61
5. Discussion
62-64
6. Summary and Conclusion
65-66
7. Limitations and Future Directions
67-76
8. References
77-86
9. Annexure
Appendix-I
Appendix-II
Appendix-III
Appendix-IV
Appendix-V
Appendix-VI
Appendix-VII
 List of Tables
Table Description Pg. No
Description of various Socio-Demographic variables (categorical)
Table 1.1
among patients with Substance Use Disorder
Description of various socio demographic variables (continuous) of
Table 1.2
patients with substance use disorder
Description of various Clinical Variables of patients with substance use
Table 2.1
disorder
Table 2.2 Description of diagnosis
Description of loneliness, perceived social support, meaning in life
Table 3.1
and self-regulation of patients with substance use disorder
Description of Perceived Social Support among patients with substance
Table 3.2
use disorder
Comparison of different Clinical Variables between unmarried and
Table 4.1
married participants
Table 4.2 Comparison of loneliness between unmarried and married participants
Comparison of perceived social support between unmarried and
Table 4.3
married participants
Comparison of meaning in life between unmarried and married
Table 4.4
participants
comparison of self-regulation between unmarried and married
Table 4.5
participants
Comparison of different Clinical Variables between participants from
Table 5.1
rural and urban background
Comparison of loneliness between participants from rural and urban
Table 5.2
areas
Comparison of perceived social support between participants from
Table 5.3
rural and urban areas
Comparison of meaning in life between participants from rural and
Table 5.4
urban areas
Comparison of meaning in life between participants from rural and
Table 5.5
urban areas
Comparison of different Clinical Variables between participants from
Table 6.1
nuclear family and joint family
comparison of loneliness between participants from nuclear family and
Table 6.2
joint family
Comparison of perceived social support between participants from
Table 6.3
nuclear family and joint family.
Comparison of meaning in life between participants from nuclear
Table 6.4
family and joint family
Comparison of self-regulation between participants from nuclear
Table 6.5
family and joint family
 Comparison of different Clinical Variables between participants from
Table 7.1
Srinagar and other regions
Comparison of loneliness between participants from Srinagar and other
Table 7.2
regions
Comparison of perceived social support between participants from
Table 7.3
Srinagar and other regions
Comparison of Meaning in Life between participants from Srinagar
Table 7.4
and other regions
Comparison of Self-regulation between participants from Srinagar and
Table 7.5
other regions
Comparison of different Clinical Variables between participants from
Table 8.1
business and student group
Comparison of loneliness between participants from business and
Table 8.2
student group
comparison of perceived social support between participants from
Table 8.3
business and student group
comparison of meaning in life between participants from business and
Table 8.4
student group
comparison of self-regulation between participants from business and
Table 8.5
student group
Comparison of Clinical Variables in Secondary, Higher Secondary,
Table 9.1
and Graduation Groups
Comparison of loneliness in Secondary, Higher Secondary, and
Table 9.2
Graduation Groups
Comparison of perceived social support in Secondary, Higher
Table 9.3
Secondary, and Graduation Groups
Comparison of Meaning in Life in Secondary, Higher Secondary, and
Table 9.4
Graduation Groups
Comparison of self-regulation in Secondary, Higher Secondary, and
Table 9.5
Graduation Groups
Comparison of different Clinical Variables between participants from
Table 10.1
poly substance and pure opiate group
comparison of loneliness between participants from poly substance and
Table 10.2
pure opiate group
comparison of perceived social support between participants from poly
Table 10.3
substance and pure opiate group
Comparison of Meaning in life between participants from poly
Table 10.4
substance and pure opiate group
comparison of self-regulation between participants from poly
Table 10.5
substance and pure opiate group
Table 11.1 Association between socio demographic and clinical variables
Association of Different Socio-Demographic Variables, Clinical
Table 11.2 Variables with Loneliness, Multidimensional Perceived Social
Support, Self-Regulation And Meaning In Life
Shows association of Loneliness, Multidimensional Perceived Social
Table 11.3
Support, Self-Regulation and Meaning in Life
 Acknowledgement
To Dr. Sadaqat Rehman Draboo, my primary research mentor, and
Ms. Shabnam, my co-guide, my gratitude is boundless. Their seasoned
counsel, coupled with an unwavering belief in my capabilities, has been
the foundation upon which this research stands.

Mr. Ajaz Ahmad Khan holds a distinctive place in this academic journey.
His nuanced guidance and consistent support have illuminated my path,
elevating both the process and the final work.

Dr. Masood Maqbool's expertise, especially in the realm of statistical

analysis, has been pivotal. The clarity he brought to complex subjects and
his generosity with his knowledge has enriched this work immensely. He
not only offered assistance with every intricate aspect but also kindly
addressed my numerous questions, even amidst his busy schedule. His
mentorship has been both a privilege and an inspiration.

I extend my heartfelt appreciation to our esteemed faculty members.

Their collective wisdom and encouragement have been the pillars
supporting my academic aspirations.

The warmth and resilience of my family has been my anchor, providing

solace during challenges and amplifying joys during triumphs.

Among friends, Iqra and Rumesa’s presence has been particularly

cherished, offering both camaraderie and perspective. Special thanks to
my colleagues for their support throughout this dissertation.

Lastly, a note of gratitude to our seniors, with a special nod to Mr.

Jagmeet Singh. His sagacious advice and generosity in sharing
experiences have enriched my academic journey.

Finally, heartfelt thanks go out to the participants who cooperated with

me and graciously consented to be a part of this study.

Faiza Yousuf
 Abbreviations

CDC Centers For Disease Control and Prevention

DSM Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental

Disorders
ED Emotional dysregulation

ICD International Classification of Diseases

IMHANS- Institute Of Mental Health and Neurosciences

K Kashmir.
MLQ Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ)

MSPSS Multidimensional scale of Perceived social

support
NCDC National Scientific On Developing Child

NIDA National Institute On Drug Abuse

Substance Abuse and Mental health
SAMHSA
Services Administration
SRS Self-regulation scale

SUD Substance use Disorder

UCLA University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness

Scale
WHO World Health Organization