a Depth of Equivalent block fy Specified yield strength of steel

As Area of Tension Reinforcement h over-all depth

b Width of compression number Mn Nominal Moment
c Distance from extreme compression fiber to NA Mu Ultimate Moment
d Distance from extreme compression fiber to center εc Strain in concrete (Max=0.003)
steel reinforcement
dt Distance from extreme compression fiber to center εs Strain in steel below yield point (fs/Es)
of extreme steel reinforcements
Ec Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete εy Strain in steel at yield point (Fy/Es)
Es Modulus of Elasticity of Steel P Steel Reinforcement ratio
f’c Specified compressive strength of concrete Pb Balance Steel ratio
fs Calculated stress in reinforcement t service loads d’ Distance from extreme compressive fiber to centroid
of compressive reinforcement

NOTATION AND SYMBOLS

 Analysis and Design of Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beams

Formulas:

By Equilibrium:

C=T
Where,
C = 0.85f’c β1ab (Axial compressive force)
T=Asfy (Axial tensile force if steel is yielding)
T=Asfs (Axial tensile force if steel is not
yielding)

Section 410.6 (Minimum and

Moments: Maximum Reinforcement Ratio)

pfy Minimum (Pmin) shall not be less than,

Mu=φpbd fy [1− ]
2
1.7 ( f ' c )
Area of steel reinforcement
As = Pbd But not less than,
Design Strength

εt < εty = Compression Controlled

εty < εt < 0.005 =Transition Controlled Max ( Pmax) shall be,
εt > 0.005 = Tension Controlled
Design Limitation

Φ = 0.9 0.75P Φ=
0.65
Tension Transition Compression
Controlled Controlled Controlled

Pmin Pmax εty

εs=0.005
εs=0.004
Number of reinforcement & spacing.

As b−2 cc−2 ⌀ s−n ( ⌀ b )

N= c.s =[ ]
Ab n−1
(DESIGN) Example #1

A reinforced rectangular beam is 250mm wide with effective depth of 350mm. Calculate
the ultimate moment of resistance of beam and determine the stress in tension steel, use
concrete strength of 27Mpa, steel strength of 420Mpa. As=650mm 2 of tension reinforcement bar
is provided.

Sol’n:

Assume steel is yielding

C=T

0.85f’cab = Asfy

0.85(27)a(250) = 650(420)

a = 47.58mm Solving for value of c

a
c = 55.98mm c=
β1
d−c
εs= 0.003 ( c ¿

350−55.98
=0.003( )
55.98
=0.01576

d−c
Fs = εs (200,000) Fs2=600 (
c
)

350−55.98
=0.01576(200,000) =600( )
55.98
=3152Mpa

Steel is yielding

T=AsFy

=650(420)/1000

=273KN

Solving for Pact φ=0.9 (Tension Controlled)

ASact
Pact = ( ) Mu=φpbd2fy ¿)
bd
650
=( ) Mu=0.9(0.00743) (250) (350)2(420)
250(350)
=0.00743 ¿)/1000
(DESIGN) Example #2

π
A rectangular beam has dimension of b=300mm, d=450mm, As= 5( 4 )(20)2 .Concrete [ ]
strength of 30Mpa, steel strength of 415Mpa. Calculate the ultimate moment capacity of the
beam, assuming steel is yielding.

SoL’n:
π
C=T As = [5( )(20)2].
4
0.85f’cab = Asfy As =¿)

2000 π
0.85(30)a(300) = (415) Solving for value of c
4
a
a = 85.21mm c=
β1
c = 101.93mm Solving for value of β1 using table 422.2.2.4.3
55 > f’c > 28

d−c
εs= 0.003 ( c ¿ β1=0.85-¿

350−55.98
=0.003( ) β1=0.85-¿] = 0.836
55.98
=0.01576

d−c 450−101.93
Fs = 600( ) Fs=600( )
c 101.93
=2048.88Mpa >Fy Steel yields!!!

Fs > 1000 ; φ=0.90

Mu = Mn ; φ=0.90

a
Mn = C(d − )
2
a
=T(d − )
2
a
Mu = φT(d − )
2

=0.9 ( 20004 π )(415)( 450− 85.21

2
) /1000

Mu=239.02Kn-m
( ANALYSIS )EXAMPLE#1

A rectangular reinforced concrete beam must support a design moment of 80Kn-m. The
beam is to be reinforced with 25mm diameter bar. Determine the area of reinforcement required
and number of bars if the beam dimension is 200x350 (b x h). Concrete strength is 28Mpa and
Steel strength of 415Mpa.

SoL’n:

Given: Mu = 80Kn-m Dimension: b = 200mm

f’c = 28Mpa h = 350mm

25
Fy = 415Mpa d = 350 – 40 – 10 - = 287.5mm
2
Assume: Tension Controlled & Steel yields

Mu=φpreqbd2fy ¿) Solving for value of Pmin using table 422.2.2.4.3

Preq(415)
80x106=0.9preq(200)(287.5)2(415)(1− ¿
1.7(28)
√f'c √ 28
Preq=0.01489 Pmin= = = 0.00319
4 fy 4 (415)

1.4 1.4
Pmin= = = 0.00337
fy ( 415)
Use greater value of Rho for solving As

Preq = 0.01489

Asreq = Preq bd

Asreq = 0.01489 (200)(287.5)

Asreq = 856.18mm2

856.18
As
N25 = = π
Ab ( 25 )2
( 4)

N25 = 1.74 ≈ 2 – 25mm ⌀ b (round up because Asmin is used)

Check for clear spacing.

200−2(40)−2(10)−2 ( 25 )
c.s =[ ]
2−1

c.s = 50mm > 25mm ✓

( ANALYSIS )EXAMPLE#2

A simply supported beam supported beam has a cross sectional dimension of b=250mm,
d=400mm. Design a singly reinforced concrete to carry factored bending moment of 40Kn-m and
reinforced with 16mm diameter bar. Determine the number of bars and calculate the required
tension steel area, use concrete strength of 28Mpa, steel strength of 275Mpa. Assume tension
controlled.

SoL’n:

Assume: Tension Controlled

Mu=φpreqbd2fy ¿)

Preq(275)
40x106=0.9preq(250)(400)2(275)(1− ¿ Solving for value of Pmin using table 422.2.2.4.3
1.7(28)

√f'c √ 28
Preq=0.00521 Pmin= = = 0.00319
4 fy 4 (415)

1.4 1.4
Pmin= = = 0.00337
fy ( 415)
Use greater value of Rho for solving As (if Pmin > P use Pmin)

Preq = 0.00521

Asreq = Preq bd

Asreq = 0.00877(250)(400)

Asreq = 521mm2

521
As
N25 = = π
Ab (16 )2
( 4)

N25 = 1.03 ≈ 2 – 25mm ⌀ b (round up because Asreq is used)

Check for clear spacing

250−2(40)−2(10)−3 ( 16 )
c.s =[ ]
3−1

c.s = 51mm > 25mm ✓

>db ✓
 Analysis and Design of Doubly Reinforced Rectangular Beams
Formulas: Condition:

Rho: Preq > Pmax = DRB

'
0.85 f c β 1 3 dt
Pmax = ( )( )( ) Preq < Pmax = SRB
fy 8 d
Rn:
'
Mn
Rn= ( ) f’s = 600 [1− d ]
φ bd Cmax
If f’s > value of fy use value of fy

Moment: If f’s < value of fy use value of f’s

pfy
Mu1= φpbd2fy [1− ]
1.7 ( f ' c )

Mu2 = Mu-Mu1
Mut = Mu1+ Mu2
Area of steel reinforcement

As1=Pmaxbd
Mu 2
As2=[ ]
φ fy ( d −d ' )

Ast=As1+As2
As 2 fy
A’s = '
f s−0.85 f ' c

Equation for Cmax

3
Cmax = dt
8
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM EXAMPLE #1

A reinforced concrete has width of 250mm and effective depth of 387.5mm is to support a factored bending
moment of 300Kn-m. If compressive reinforcement is required it will be placed 65mm from the extreme compression
fiber, use concrete strength of 28Mpa and Steel yield strength of 420Mpa.

a.) Find the area of the tensile reinforcement.

b.) Number of 32mm bars.

SoL’n:

0.85 f ' c
Pmax =[ ]
fy
0.85 (28)
Pmax =[ ]
420

Pmax = 0.01806

pfy
Mu= φpbd2fy [1− ]
1.7 ( f ' c )
p (420)
300x106= 0.9p(250)(387.5)2(420) [1− ]
1.7 ( 28 )

Preq = 0.02812

Or

Mn 300(1000)
Rn = = = 0.00222
φ bd 0.9(250)(387 , 5)2

0.85(f ' c) 2 Rn
Preq = [1−√ 1− ]
fy 0.85 ( fy )
0.85(28) 2 (0.00222)
Preq = [1−√ 1− ] = 0.02812
420 0.85 ( 28 )

Preq > Pmax =DRB! ✓

pfy
Mu1 = φpbd2fy [1− ]
1.7 ( f ' c )
0.01806(420)
Mu1 = 0.9(0.01806) (25) (387.5)2(420) [1− ]
1.7 ( 28 )

Mu1 = 215.43Kn-m

As1 = Pmax bd
Mu2 = Mu-Mu1

Mu2 = 300 – 215.43

Mu2 = 84.57Kn-m
Mu 2
As2 = '
φ fy (d−d )
6
84.57 x 10
As2 =
0.9(420)(387.5−65)

As2 = 693.74mm2

Ast =As1+As2
Ast = 1749.56 + 693.74

Ast = 2443.3mm2
2443.3
Ast
N32 =
Ab
= π
(32 )2 = 3.04 ≈ 2 – 25mm ⌀ b
( 4)
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM EXAMPLE #2

A doubly reinforced beam has dimension of 250mm wide and 450mm effective depth is subjected to a factored
moment oof 350Kn-m. Use concrete strength of 30Mpa and steel yield strength of 400Mpa, compressive reinforcement
will be placed at d’=60mm.

Solve for the following:

a.) Stress in Compression Steel.

b.) Area of compressive reinforcement

SoL’n:

'
0.85 f c β 1 3 dt
Pmax =[ ][ ][ ] Solving for value of β1 using table 422.2.2.4.3
fy 8 d
55 > f’c > 28

β1=0.85-¿

0.85 (30)(0.84) 3 dt
Pmax =[ ][ ][ ] β1=0.85-¿] = 0.84
400 8 d

Pmax = 0.02008

pfy
Mu= φpbd2fy [1− ]
1.7 ( f ' c )
p (400)
350x106= 0.9p(250)(450)2(400) [1− ]
1.7 ( 30 )

Preq = 0.02356

Or

Mn 350(1000)
Rn = = = 7.68
φ bd 0.9(250)(450)2

0.85(f ' c) 2 Rn
Preq = [1−√ 1− ]
fy 0.85 ( fy )
0.85(30) 2(7.68)
Preq = [1−√ 1− ] = 0.03267
400 0.85 ( 30 )

Preq > Pmax =DRB! ✓

pfy
Mu1 = φpbd2fy [1− ]
1.7 ( f ' c )
0.02008(400)
Mu1 = 0.9(0.02008) (250) (450)2(400) [1− ]
1.7 ( 30 )

Mu1 = 308.32Kn-m
Mu2 = Mu-Mu1

Mu2 = 350 – 308.32

Mu2 = 41.68Kn-m
Mu 2
As2 = '
φ fy (d−d )
6
41.68 x 1
As2 =
0.9(400)(450−60)

As2 = 296.87mm2

Ast =As1+As2
Ast = 1749.56 + 693.74

Ast = 2443.3mm2
3 3
Cmax = dt = (450) = 168.75
8 8
'
d
f’s = 600 [1− ]
Cmax
60
f’s = 600 [1− 168.75 ]

f’s = 386.67 < fy = use value of f ’s

As 2 fy
A’s = '
f s−0.85 f ' c
296.87 (400)
A’s =
386.67−0.85(30)

A’s = 328.79mm2
 Analysis of Non-Rectangular Beams
C=T

Where; C = 0.85f’c Ac

T= Asfy
Analysis of Non-Rectangular Beams PROBLEM#1

Determine the ultimate capacity of the given section if f’c=28Mpa and fy=415Mpa.

150mm

150mm 150mm

700mm

SoL’n:

C=T
150
0.85f’cAc = Asfy CASE 1 150 150

Asfy a-150 a-150 a

Ac =
0.85 f ' c
π
[5 (25 )2 ](415) CASE 2
Ac = ( 4)
150
0.85 (28)
a – (2) 150
2
Ac = 42796.77mm

Ac = (150 x a) + (150) (a-150) (2)

42796.77 = (150 x a) + (150)(a-150)(2) 450 150

CASE 3
a=195.10 ; β1 = 0.85 a-150 150
c=229.53

d−c 700−229.53
f’s= 600( ¿ = 600( ¿
c 229.53
f’s= 1229.83 > fy ; Steel is yielding!!
0.005 TC 1000 Mpa ; φ=0.9
0.004 TR 800 Mpa
0.002 CC 4000 Mpa
Using CASE 1

Mucap=Mu1+Mu2

a−150 a
)+φ 0.85 f ' cAc 2¿ d- )
'
Mu= φ 0.85 f cAc 1(d−150−
2 2
195.10
Mu= 0.9(0.85) ( 28 ) ( 195.10 ) (150) ( 2 ) (700−150− )+0.9 ( 0.85 ) ( 28 ) (150)(195.10−150)¿
2
195.10−150
700 – 150 - )
2
Mu= 166.35Kn-m
 Analysis of Non-Rectangular Beams PROBLEM#2

Determine the required steel area of hollow rectangular beam if the ultimate moment capacity of the
beam is 600Kn-m. Assuming f’c=25Mpa and Fy=420Mpa.

150mm 300mm 150mm

200mm

900mm
600mm

AS

C=T

0.85f’cab = Asfy

a
Mu=φc [d− ]
2
a
600x106=0.9(0.85)(25)a(600)(900− )
2
a=60.10mm
C=T

0.85f’cab = Asfy

0.85(25)a (600) = As(420)

2
As=1824.46mm
 Analysis of Multi-layered Beams
Formulas:
C=T

Where; C = 0.85f’c ab a = 0.85c

T= Asfy
Condition:
if steel is yielding
fy
if steel is not yielding
d −c
fs = 600[ ]
c
 Analysis of Multi-layered Beams PROBLEM#1

Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the given section. f’c=21Mpa , fy=375 and d=550mm.
0.85f’c
`
a c
650mm
12-28mm d1 d2
m
d3
T1mm
150mm
T2mm
150mm
75mm T3mm

Assume all steel yields

C=T

0.85f’cab = Asfy a = 0.85c

0.85f’c(0.85c)b = Asfy

0.85(21)(0.85c)(500) = 3(784 π )(375)

C = 365.25mm

a = 310.46mm

Check Assumption

d −c 650−365.25
fs1=600[ ] = 600[ ] = 467.76 yielding
c 365.25
d −c 800−365.25
fs2=600[ ] = 600[ ] = 714.17 yielding
c 365.25
d −c 950−365.25
fs3=600[ ] = 600[ ] = 960.57 yielding
c 365.25
Assumption is correct
a
Mu=φT [d− ]
2
310.46 310.46
Mu=0.9(784 π )(375)[650− ] + 0.9(784 π )(375)[800− ] + 0.9(784 π )(375)
2 2
310.46
[950− ]/1000
2
 16-32mm Cc = 40mm

fy = 420Mpa ⌀ s = 10mm
f’c = 27.5Mpa O.C = 100mm

950mm Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the multilayered beam.

100mm

100mm

100mm

Sol’n:

π 2
As = 4[ (32 )¿
4

As = 1024 π mm2

solving for d
32
d1 = 950-40-10-3(100)-[ ] = 584mm
2
32
d2 = 950-40-10-2(100)-[ ] = 684mm
2
32
d3 = 950-40-10-(100)-[ ] = 784mm
2
32
d4 = 950-40-10- [ ] = 884mm
2
Assume fs1,fs2,fs3 is not yielding and fs4 yielding
Solving for value of c
584−c 684−c
0.85(27.5)(0.85c)(350)=600[ ](1024 π )+ 600[ ](1024 π )+ 600
c c
784−c
[ ](1024 π )+(1024 π )(420)
c
C=500.22mm ;a=0.85c
a=425.19
 d −c 584−500.22
fs1=600[ ] = 600[ ] = 100.49 not yielding
c 500.22
d −c 684−500.22
fs2=600[ ] = 600[ ] = 220.44 not yielding
c 500.22
d −c 784−500.22
fs3=600[ ] = 600[ ] = 340.39 not yielding
c 500.22
d −c 884−500.22
fs4=600[ ] = 600[ ] = 460.33 yielding
c 500.22
Correct Assumption
d −c 584−500.22
εt 1=0.003[ c ] = 0.003[ 500.22 ] = 0.000502 ;φ=0.65

d −c 684−500.22
εt 2=0.003[ c ] = 0.003[ 500.22 ] = 0.00110 ;φ=0.65

d −c 784−500.22
εt 3=0.003[ c ] = 0.003[ 500.22 ] = 0.00170 ;φ=0.65

d −c 884−500.22
εt 4=0.003[ c ] = 0.003[ 500.22 ] = 0.00230 >0.002 Interpolate

Interpolation
0.005−0.002 0.005−0.00230
= ;φ=0.0675
0.9−0.65 0.9−φ
425.19 425.19
Mu=0.675(1024 π )(100.49)[584− ] + 0.675(1024 π )(220.44) [684− ]
2 2
Design and Analysis of Singly Reinforced T-Beams
 800m A T-beam has the following properties , bf=800mm , bw=250mm,
m d=505.5mm,tf=85mm,f’c=23Mpa,fy=420Mpa.Determine the required
85mm tension steel area and calculate for the design moment (tension and
m
compressive).The T-section has 4-32mm bars in 2 layers and layer
4-32mm spacing of 25mm.
m 32
Solving the valueof dmin=600-40-10-32-25 - = 477mm
2
32
dt=600-40-10 - = 534mm
2
250mm

SoL’n:

Asmin= √
f'c
(bwd) =
√28 (200)(505.5) = 360.76mm2
4 fy 4 ( 420 )
1.4 1.4
Asmin= (bwd) = (200)(505.5) = 421.25mm2
fy ( 420 )
Use greater value of Asmin

Asmin= 421.25mm2

Required reinforcement.
π 2
4 (32) = 1024 π
4
Use Asreq
Check if T-Beam Analysis or Wide Beam Analysis
Asfy
a= =1024 π ¿ ¿
0.85 f ' cbf
0.85f’chf(bf-bw) = As2fy
0.85(23)(85) (800-250) = As2(420)
As=2176.10mm2
As=Ast+As2
1024 π = As1+2176.10
As1=1040.89mm2
0.85f’c a bw = As1fy
0.85(23) a (250) = 1040.89(420)
a=89.45
a 89.45
c= = = 105.24mm
β1 0.85
fy 420
Strain steel at yield point (Ey) = = = 0.0021
Es 200000
dmin−c
at minimum depth (Emin) = 0.003[ ]
c
477−105.24
=0.003[ ]
105.24
=0.01060
If tension analysis

a hf
Mu=φAs 1 fy [d− ] + φAs 2 fy [d− ]
2 2
89.45 85
Mu=0.9 ( 1040.89 ) (420)[505.5− ] + 0.9(2176.10)[505.5− ] /106
2 2
Mu= 182.29+380.85

Mu= 563.14Kn-m

If compression analysis

a hf
Mu=φ 0.85 f ca bw[d− ] + φ 0.85 f ' chf (bf −bw)[d−
'
]
2 2
89.45 85
Mu=0.9(0.85)(23)(89.45)[505.5− ] + 0.9(0.85)(23)(85)(800−250)[505.5− ]
2 2
Mu= 181.30+380.85

Mu= 562.15Kn-m

Thus, section can withstand loads equal or less than 563.14Kn-m.

 1250mm Calculate the design moment capacity of the beam if it is reinforced with
5-25mm diameter tension steel

Material Strength

4-32mm f’c = 27Mpa

550mm m fy=375Mpla
m

350mm

SoL’n:
π 2
As=[5 (25) ] =2454.37mm2
4
Assuming a < hf=115mm , all steel yields
C=T
0.85f’ca bf = Asfy
0.85(27) a (1250)=2454.37(375)
a = 32.08 < hf=115mm ✓ correct assumption
a 32.08
c= = = 37.74mm
β1 0.85
Check assumption

d −c 550−37.74
fs=600[ ] = 600[ ] = 8144.04 > fy ; yielding ✓ correct assumption
c 37.74
fs > 1000Mpa ; φ=0.9
a
Mn = C [d− ]
2
a
Mn = 0.85f’cabf [d− ]
2
32.08 6
Mn = 0.85(27) (32.08)(1250) [550− ]/10
2
Mn= 491.40Kn-m
Mu=φMn
 bf=1200mm
m
Material Strength

f’c = 28Mpa

550mm fy=415Mpa
m

bw=400mm
m
SoL’n:

Asmin= √
f'c
(bwd) =
√28 (400)(600) = 765.04mm2
4 fy 4 ( 415 )
1.4 1.4
Asmin= (bwd) = (400)(600) = 809.64mm2
fy ( 415 )
Nominal moment Full Flange
' hf
Mn=0.85 f chf ∗bf [d − ]
2
150 6
Mn=0.85 ( 28 ) ( 150 ) (1200)[600− ]
2 10
Mn=2249.1Kn-m
φ Mn = 2024.19 >432
Design as wide beam b=bf
Mu=φRnbd 2
432x106=0.9 Rn(1200)(600)2
Rn=1.11
'
0.85 f cbd
As= ¿
fy
As=1954.70mm2 > Asmin
As 1964.70
N= π D2 = π (28)2 = 3.17 ≈ 4 – 28mm ⌀ b
4 4
bw−2 cc−2 ⌀ s−n ( ⌀ b )
c.s = [ ]
n−1
400−2(40)−2(10)−4 (28)
c.s = [ ]
4−1
Check the design section

150mm

450mm

Stress block:
0.85f’cabf = Asfy
π 2
0.85(28)a(1200) = [4 (28) ](415)
4
a=35.79 < 150mm ✓ correct assumption
Solving for neutral axis
a 35.79
c= = = 42.11mm
β1 0.85
Solving for strain
d−c
εt = 0.003( c ¿

600−42.11
εt = 0.003( 42.11
¿ =0.03975 > 0.005 Tension Controlled
 bf=1350m
m
Material Strength Factored load
120mm
m f’c = 21Mpa DL=120

fy=420Mpa LL=180
350mm
m Wu=432Kn-m
2 2
WuL 432(5)
Mu= =
bw=350m
8 8
m Mu=1350Kn-m
SoL’n:

Asmin= √
f'c
(bwd) =
√ 21 (350)(470) = 448.71mm2
4 fy 4 ( 4 20 )
1.4 1.4
Asmin= (bwd) = (400)(600) = 548.33mm2
fy ( 415 )
Nominal moment Full Flange
' hf
Mn=0.85 f chf ∗bf [d − ]
2
1 20
Mn=0.85 ( 2 1 )( 1 2 0 ) (1 35 0)[470− ] 6
2 /10
Mn=1185.60Kn-m
Mu=φ Mn
Mu = 1067.04 < 1350 Kn-m
Design as T-beam, stress block is in web

'
(
Mf=φ 0.85 f c hf ( bf −bw ) d −
hf
2 )
Mf=0.9 0.85( 21)¿ /106
Mf=790.40 Kn−m
As2fy=0.85f’chf(bf-bw)
As2(420)=0.85(21)(120)(1350-350)
As2=5100mm2
M = Mw + Mf
1350 = Mw + 790.40
Mw=559.6Kn-m

'
Mw=φ 0.85 f c abw d− ( a2 )
 (
559.6x106=(0.9) 0.85 ( 21 ) a(350) 470−
a
2 )
Compute for As1 and Asw
As1fy=0.85f’cabw
As1(420) =0.85(21) (322.18) (350)

As1=4792.43mm2
As=As1+As2
As=4792.43+5100

As=9892.43mm2
As 1964.70
N= π D2 = π (40)2 = 7.87 ≈ 8 – 40mm ⌀ b
4 4
 Determine the ultimate axial load that a square tied column with 550mm

C length on each side and reinforced with 12-25mm diameter bars.

Assume that reinforcement yield strength is 375Mpa and concrete yield
strength of 27Mpa. Use 2015NSCP.

Computing for the nominal axial strength (Pn)

Ag=550x550 = 302,500mm2
π
Ast=12[ ( 25 ) ] = 1875 π
2
4
Pn=0.80[0.85f’c (Ag-Ast) +Astfy]
Pn=0.80[0.85(27) (302,500-1875 π ) +1875 π (375)]/103
Pn=7212.90KN
Solving for the ultimate axial load using 2015NSCP
Pu=0.65Pn
Pu=0.65(7212.90)
Pu=4688.39KN
A round spiral column having a diameter of 500mm and reinforced with
10-28mm diameter bars. Calculate the ultimate axial load capacity, use
f’c=28Mpa and fy=415Mpa. (Use 2001NSCP)

SoL’n:

Computing for the nominal axial strength (Pn)

π
Ag= ( 500 ) ¿ = 62500 π
2
4
π
Ast=10[ ( 2 82 ) ] = 1960 π
4
Pn=0.85[0.85f’c (Ag-Ast) +Astfy]
Pn=0.85[0.85(28) (62500 π -1960 π ) +1960 π (415)]
Pn=6019650.294KN
Solving for the ultimate axial load using 2015NSCP
Pu=0.75Pn
Pu=0.75(6019650.294)
Pu=4514737.721KN/1000