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Grammar 5

Grammar knowledge and sentence construction.

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Paolo Lazatin
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14 views1 page

Grammar 5

Grammar knowledge and sentence construction.

Uploaded by

Paolo Lazatin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Grammar Concepts

Parts of Speech
1. Nouns: People, places, things, or ideas (e.g., dog, house, love)
2. Pronouns: Words that replace nouns (e.g., he, she, it, they)
3. Verbs: Action words (e.g., run, jump, think)
4. Adjectives: Describe nouns (e.g., big, small, happy)
5. Adverbs: Describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs (e.g., quickly, slowly, very)
6. Prepositions: Show relationships between words (e.g., in, on, at, with)
7. Conjunctions: Connect words, phrases, or clauses (e.g., and, but, or)
8. Interjections: Express strong emotions (e.g., Wow!, Oh!, Hey!)
Sentence Structure
1. Subject: The person, place, thing, or idea that the sentence is about.
2. Predicate: What the subject does or is.
3. Sentence Types:
○ Simple: One independent clause (e.g., The cat sat on the mat.)
○ Compound: Two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction
(e.g., The cat sat on the mat, and the dog chased its tail.)
○ Complex: One independent clause and one or more dependent clauses (e.g.,
Because it was raining, we stayed inside.)
○ Compound-Complex: Two or more independent clauses and one or more
dependent clauses.
Verb Tense
1. Present Tense: Actions happening now (e.g., I eat an apple.)
2. Past Tense: Actions that happened in the past (e.g., I ate an apple.)
3. Future Tense: Actions that will happen in the future (e.g., I will eat an apple.)
4. Present Perfect Tense: Actions that started in the past and continue to the present (e.g.,
I have eaten three apples today.)
5. Past Perfect Tense: Actions that were completed before another past action (e.g., I had
eaten dinner before I went to the movie.)
6. Future Perfect Tense: Actions that will be completed by a specific time in the future (e.g.,
I will have finished my homework by 8 PM.)
Subject-Verb Agreement
The verb must agree with the subject in number (singular or plural).
● Singular subject: singular verb (e.g., She sings.)
● Plural subject: plural verb (e.g., They sing.)
Other Important Concepts
● Punctuation: Commas, periods, question marks, exclamation points, quotation marks,
etc.
● Capitalization: Capitalizing the first word of a sentence, proper nouns, and certain other
words.
● Word Order: The correct arrangement of words in a sentence.
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