VIET NAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY – HO CHI MINH CITY

HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERTSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

FALCUTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
🙞···☼···🙜

MACHINE ELEMENT (ME2007)

CASE STUDY 01 REPORT

TOPIC:
DESIGN THE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM FOR THE MIXING MACHINE
Instructors: Professor. Doctor. Nguyễn Hữu Lộc
Class: CC01
Semester: 241

Student’s full name Student’s ID

Nguyễn Phan Khánh Toàn 2252821
Ho Chi Minh city – September 5th, 2022

2
Ho Chi Minh University of Technology – Vietnam National University HCMC
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering - Department of Machine Design

Group
Student’
N member Email Work
s ID
s
Nguyễn
Phan [email protected] Topic 14,
1 2252821
Khánh n Problem 08
Toàn
DETAIL SUBJECTS AND SUPPLIED DATA FOR CALCULATION
Subject: Machine element (ME2007) - Class: CC01 – Semester 241
Project: Design the transmission system for the mixing machine

Instructor’s comment:
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….

Instructor’s signature Student’s signature

Mr Nguyễn Hữu Lộc Nguyễn Phan Khánh Toàn

3
INTRODUCTION:
Our country is on an upward trajectory, with science and technology playing a
crucial role in the ongoing process of industrialization and modernization. The
application of science and technology is essential to increasing labor
productivity, effectively replacing manual labor, and ensuring worker safety.
These advancements help lay a strong foundation for future development. To
achieve this, we must invest in, research, educate, and develop science and
technology from within our universities.
The Machine Detail course project is a fundamental subject that introduces
Machine Building students to the field of mechanical design, which is central to
every mechanical engineer's career. Excelling in this course helps students
envision their future careers and gain a clearer understanding of their academic
journey, boosting their enthusiasm for learning. Additionally, this project serves
as a practical challenge, requiring students to apply skills acquired in previous
years, such as mechanical drawing and proficiency in software tools like
AutoCAD, AutoCAD Mechanical, and Autodesk Inventor. It also draws on
foundational knowledge from courses such as Machine Principles, Machine
Parts, and Tolerances and Measuring Techniques.
COMMITMENT:
We hereby pledge:
- This is the engineering design project done via my effort.
- All data presented in this design project is truthful and has just been consulted
in other studies.
- All quotes and results for comparison in this design project are cited in the
reference section within our range of knowledge at utmost accuracy.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
Firstly, we would like to express our special thanks and gratitude to Prof.
Nguyen Huu Loc for giving us a golden opportunity to complete this project on
the topic of transmission system for the mixing machine systems. We are also
grateful that you have shown us an abundant amount of knowledge about
Fundamentals of the transmission or machine element so far. This is an
opportunity for us to perform research about the Fundamental of transmission
system for the mixing machine. We also understand that transmission system for
the mixing machine to the world of Mechanical Engineering, especially in the
field of material science. Not only does the project give us knowledge but also
ideas for future projects. Finally, we would like to express our sincerest
gratitude to all the other unnamed people who helped us to complete this report.

4
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: SELECTING ELECTRIC MOTOR AND SPEED RATIO

DISTRIBUTION...................................................................................................7
1. The power of the mixing blade:................................................................7
2. Determine the efficiency of each element:...............................................7
3. The power required for the motor:............................................................7
4. Select motor for using:..............................................................................7
5. The rotation speed mixer blade:...............................................................7
6. General transmission:...............................................................................8
7. The table of components of electrical motor for SGA: (table 1)..............8
8. The system transmission ratio:.................................................................9
9. The rotational speed of the V- belt:..........................................................9
10. Select the motor:.......................................................................................9
11. The properties of each shaft in the system can be computed in the below
table:..................................................................................................................9
CHAPTER 2: CALCULATION OF V-BELTS DRIVE....................................10
1. Initial parameter:.....................................................................................10
2. Choose type of V-belt and calculate the diameter of the driving driver:11
3. Calculate the velocity of the driving driver:...........................................12
4. Calculate the diameter of the driven driver:...........................................12
5. Condition of the distance between two center of driver (a) and calculate
this value as the diameter of driven pulley:.....................................................12
6. Calculate the contact angle of driving driver, length of the belt via
formula:...........................................................................................................13
7. Choose the exact length of belt and recalculate the value of a:..............13
8. Check the number of turns i:..................................................................13
10. Calculate the circumferential force of the belt:......................................14
11. Check slip condition:..............................................................................14
12. Calculate the force loaded on the belt:....................................................14
13. Calculate the series of factors C:............................................................15
15. Find stress of the belt:.............................................................................17
5
 16. Service life of belts:................................................................................18
17. Force, acting to the shaft:........................................................................19
18. Summary table:.......................................................................................19
CHAPTER 3: CALCULATING SINGLE STAGE SPUR GEAR REDUCER..20
1. Initial parameter:.....................................................................................20
2. Choose the material of the spur gear:.....................................................20
3. Determine the limited allowable contact and bending stress:................22
4. Determine the number of fundamental work cycle:...............................23
5. The number of equivalent work cycles in contact pressure:...................23
6. The value of the coefficient KHL (the condition of no bending in the
surface of teeth) in contact pressure:...............................................................23
7. The contact pressures are allowed basically:..........................................24
8. The number of equivalent work cycle in bending pressure:...................24
9. The value of the coefficient KHL (the condition of no bending in the
surface of teeth) in bending pressure:..............................................................24
10. The bending pressures are allowed basically:.........................................24
11. Allowable overload stress:......................................................................25
12. The table of elements properties:............................................................25
13. Selecting the width of the rim teeth:.......................................................25
14. The shaft distance between two gears:...................................................28
15. The module of teeth:...............................................................................29
16. The number of teeth:...............................................................................29
17. Determine the changing coefficient for the teeth:..................................30
18. Geometrical properties of the gear system:............................................31
CHAPTER 4: DESIGNING SHAFTS................................................................35
CHAPTER 5: SELECTING BEARINGS...........................................................35
CHAPTER 6: SELECTING LUBRICATIONS METHODS.............................35
CHAPTER 7: SELECTING KEYS, COUPLINGS............................................35

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 TOPIC 14 AND PROBLEM 8 DATA SUPPLIED
DESIGN THE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM FOR THE MIXING MACHINE

Picture 1
The simple diagram of this machine can be seen in the next photo:

The given data in problem 8 is:

Number Description Data
1 Mixer output torque T, 330
(N.m)
2 Rotational speed mixer 80
blade, n (rpm)
3 Service life L, years 8
Transmission system one-way rotation, two work shifts (1 year working 260
days, 2 shift working 8 hours).

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CHAPTER 1: SELECTING ELECTRIC MOTOR AND SPEED RATIO
DISTRIBUTION.

1. The power of the mixing blade:

2. Determine the efficiency of each element:

We can easily point out the efficiency of all elements in the transmission:

3. The power required for the motor:

(kW)

4. Select motor for using:

The motor needs to be more than =>

5. The rotation speed mixer blade:

8
6. General transmission:

- Select the ugear in standard series of number:

Via the standard series number of the transmission ratio of reducer as
below, we can easily find out the ugear for four motors as the table shown:

- In four motors as we choose in SGA table, and from two tables of

choosing the transmission ratio of the single stage spur gear ratio, we can
select with decreasing the rotational speed of the motor respectively: 8.0;
6.3; 5.0; 4.0

7. The table of components of electrical motor for SGA: (table 1)

Motor nMotor (RPM) usys ugear uV-belt
1 2895 36.1875 8.0 4.5234
2 1440 18.0000 6.3 2.8571
9
 3 965 12.0625 5.0 2.4125
4 720 9.0000 4.0 2.2500
Table 1

8. The system transmission ratio:

9. The rotational speed of the V- belt:

10.Select the motor:

- For the table of the motor of SGA in table 1, we select the motor 3 for this
mechanism system.
Type Motor Pmotor(kW) nMotor usys ugear ubelt
(RPM)
132MA 3 4 965 12.0625 5 2.4125

11.The properties of each shaft in the system can be computed in the below
table:
Motor I II Mixing
Shafts blade

Properties

10
 Power P, kW 4.0 3.7224 3.5378 3.4324
Transmission 2.4125 5 1
ratio u
Rotational speed 965 400.0000 80.0000 80.0000
n, RPM
Moment T, Nm 39.5855 88.8723 422.3249 409.7428
Table 2
+ The power on each shaft:

+ The rotational speed on each shaft:

+ Moment on each shaft:

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CHAPTER 2: CALCULATION OF V-BELTS DRIVE

1. Initial parameter:
o Power of driving driver:
o Number of revolutions:

o Transmission ratio:
o Working condition: one-way rotation, two work shifts (1 year
working 260 days, 2 shift working 8 hours)

2. Choose type of V-belt and calculate the diameter of the driving driver:
- We have the power and number of revolutions of driving driver, we select
the type of belt based on the below picture:

 Through this picture, we can depict type B of belt that adapt all of
dimension of all n and P.
- We continue determining the minimum diameter of driving driver though
the next picture:

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  With type B of V – belt, it can be chosen the minimum diameter of the
belt being
- We have the coefficient of relative sliding to give the value of u to be a
normal number, so it should be:

and
- The percentage different of uv-belt with the initial ubelt is:

- We compute the driving driver’s diameter via this formula:

- Because the driving driver of V – belt have to be selected via the series:

So, it must satisfy the condition that =>

3. Calculate the velocity of the driving driver:

< [v] =25 m/s with ordinary V – belt

drive, so we can accept with this diameter of driving pulley.

4. Calculate the diameter of the driven driver:

- The diameter of the driven driver can be computed by:

- Choose the value in the series, which is as same as d1, we have the nearest
number is 315mm, so we have d2 = 355mm

13
5. Condition of the distance between two center of driver (a) and calculate
this value as the diameter of driven pulley:

- In the condition of a considering to the series as below, we can choose the

value of a is approximately 1.2*d2=1.2*355=426 mm because u = 2.4.

6. Calculate the contact angle of driving driver, length of the belt via
formula:

7. Choose the exact length of belt and recalculate the value of a:

- Because the length of V – belt must be chosen in the series, also adapted
the condition that:

 L = 1800 mm is the value chosen!!

- Recalculate the value of a in below equation:

- With type B of V – belt, we have: h = 10.5 mm

- Condition of a:

 a = 990.7223 mm is satisfied this factor, so we have enough reason to

choose this value!!

14
8. Check the number of turns i:

, for V – belt, the number [i] is 10 s-1

 That is good for the value of a and L.

9. Calculate the contacting angle of driving pulley:

10.Calculate the circumferential force of the belt:

11. Check slip condition:

- Choose the factor of coefficient (f) via this below table:

 Assumed that the material manufacturing the flat belt is Leather

chrome tanned and pulley material is wood, so we can decide that the
value of f is 0.40
- We have the value of some parameter that we have known before:

- For V – belt, we have to compute the value of f through the formula:

We usually choose the or , but in this case, we select

15
12. Calculate the force loaded on the belt:
- We select the initial loaded on the belt is same as the minimum, so:

- We calculate the force on 2 side of the belt (tight side and loose side) as
below:

- Because the velocity of the driving belt is under 30(m/s) =>

13. Calculate the series of factors C:

- Via the below table, it is considerable to select the allowable effective
power:

 Because the velocity of the driving driver pulley is 8.08 m/s, so we

choose the nearest value in the table is 10 m/s, also the V – belt in this

16
 case is type B and the diameter of driving driver pulley in this case is
160mm, so the .
- We have the value based on the previous table:

- Via the next table, we can calculate all the factor C needed:

The integer number is the nearest to that value is 2, so the number of belts
in this case must be 2 => z=2
14. Find the width of the belt and the outer diameter of the pulley:
- As data in the below table:

17
 Table: The geometric properties of V- belt on distinct types.
- As the V – belt in this type is type B, we have:

- In diagram, above parameter can show us the value of belt as picture

below:

15. Find stress of the belt:

- Via the below table, we can find out the properties of belt materials:

18
  We assume that the materials of belt in previous task is Leather, so in
this case, we continue use this material to have the basic properties:

- Find out the value of via the Euler formula:

We have the initial parameter for the next formula:

, as same as the value we have

recently computed.
- The maximum of stress that the belt must be contained

16. Service life of belts:

- We have again the number of turns in a second is:

- We choose the value of parameter m in the equation of service life of

belts via:

 Through this theory, we easily have m = 8 for V – belts

- We continue choosing the value of parameter in the next equations
via:

19
  Through this theory, we easily have = 9 for V – belt.
- The total number of cycles of load application up to failure:

- Service life in hours:

17. Force, acting to the shaft:

18. Summary table:

Parameter Symbol Value
Belt type Type B
Belt cross – section A 138 mm2
(mm2)
Belt number z 2
Center distance (mm) a 990.72 mm
Belt length (mm) L 1800 mm
Contact angle (radian) 2.94 rad
Revolution of belt (s-1) i 4.49
Diameter of driving 160 mm
pulley (mm)
Diameter of driven 355 mm
pulley (mm)
Maximum belt stress 3.67 MPa
(MPa)
Initial tension (N) F0 258.94 N
Force, acting to the shaft Fr 515.25 N
(N)
Circumferential force Ft 495.059 N
Service life (Hours) Lh 405221.48 Hours

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CHAPTER 3: CALCULATING SINGLE STAGE SPUR GEAR
REDUCER

1. Initial parameter:
- Power of the driving gear:
- Moment T:
- Rotational speed of driving gear:
- Rotational speed of driven gear:
- Transmission ratio:
- 1 year working 260 days, 2 shift working 8 hours =>

2. Choose the material of the spur gear:

- Because the power P of both driven and driving gear are larger than 2 but
under than 7.5kW, so considering this table to choose the appropriate
material for the driving and driven gear:

 We choose the material for driving and driven gear is steel C45
- Next, we choose the HB for C45 of the driving and driven gear though
this below table:

21
 We have the basic properties for driven and driving gear as below:

22
3. Determine the limited allowable contact and bending stress:
- According to the next table, we determine the allowable contact stress,
bending stress, safety factor when exposing and bending as below:


In which: + : Allowable contact stress;

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 + : Allowable bending stress;
+ SH: Safety factor when exposing;
+ SF: Safety factor when bending.
- Choosing the hardness of driving gear is HB1 = 280 MPa and driven gear
is HB2 = 240 MPa because HB1 - HB2 = 40 MPa in allowed zone and all
of HB are always under 350 MPa.

4. Determine the number of fundamental work cycle:

- We have the value of NHO for the driving gear (1) and driven gear (2)
respectively as below:

5. The number of equivalent work cycles in contact pressure:

- The number of articulated gears in one cycle: (single stage spur gear)

- The gears are working with stable load mode and the rotational speed, so
we have:

6. The value of the coefficient KHL (the condition of no bending in the

surface of teeth) in contact pressure:
- Because the value of is larger than , when we compute the value
of , we set is equal to


- Because the value of is larger than , when we compute the
value of , we set is equal to

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 

7. The contact pressures are allowed basically:

 because in this case, the gears are spur

gear.

8. The number of equivalent work cycle in bending pressure:

- The number of articulated gears in one cycle: (single stage spur gear)

- The gears are working with stable load mode and the rotational speed, so
we have:

9. The value of the coefficient KHL (the condition of no bending in the

surface of teeth) in bending pressure:
- Because the value of is larger than , when we compute the value
of , we set is equal to


- Because the value of is larger than , when we compute the value
of , we set is equal to

10.The bending pressures are allowed basically:

25
 - In which, the value of is 1 because the mechanical system is one –
way directional motion.

11.Allowable overload stress:

12.The table of elements properties:

Element Materi Dbillet/ Heat HB1/
al Sbillet treatment HB2

Driving Steel 60 Improvem 280 85 58 515.45 288

gear 45C ent 0 0
Driven Steel 60 Improvem 240 85 58 450 246.8
gear 45C ent 0 0 6
Total Steel 60 Improvem x 85 58 450/16 x/464
(Both/ma 45C ent 0 0 24
x)
- In which, x is no value or undefined value

13.Selecting the width of the rim teeth:

- Through this below table, we can find out the value of :

 Because the gear system is symmetrical, and and are under 350
HB, so we choose the value of is from 0.30 to 0.50.
 We select is equal to 0.40 in the standard series.
- We compute the value of as follow:

26
- We select the calculated loading coefficient as this table below:

 Because the hardness of C45 steel – the material of two driving and
driven gear is under HB 350 = 35 HRC, and the gear system is
symmetrical, we have:

- Conducting a comparison with the standard number of in this below

table, we conclude that:

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  In this table, the number of with two conditions is 1.05, but in
calculation, we only find out that number is 1.01, so we have to use the
percentage error to consider which value can be used in this case:

 We select for further calculation!

- Next, we find out the value of - an important value for upcoming
formulas in this below table:

28
  In this table, responding to and both the driving and driven
gear are under HB 350, we can realize that the value of is 1.14.
But in the nearest previous table compared to this table, the value is
only 1.10 for symmetrical gear system, so we must to do again the
percentage error as below:

 Selecting is acceptable!

14.The shaft distance between two gears:

- Selecting the value of in the standard table as below:

29
  Because the material of driving and driven gear in this case is steel –
steel, so according to this table, we choose the with single
stage spur gear. But in this case, we allowed for easier
computation.
- The formula and value of - gear shaft distance can be calculated as
below:

 This is just the value we compute in the formula, but in this case,
must be satisfied with both the condition in the formula, and the
standard series as below:

 Because the gear system is correctly standard, we must choose the

nearest value is

15.The module of teeth:

- Because the hardness of both driving and driven gear are under HB 350,
we can find out the module of the teeth as below:
30
- Based on this below table, we choose the module of the teeth for spur
gear:

 Priority to the first series, we can conclude that m = 3mm is satisfied

all of the necessary condition.

16.The number of teeth:

- Because the spur gear is given, the angle of - gear tilt angle is zero, so
the number of the driving gear is computed as follow:

, because the number of

teeth have to be a normal number to produce!
- The total number of teeth:

-
- Compute the number of teeth on the driven gear:

- Compute again the transmission ratio:

- Compute again the axial distance as follow:

- The percentage error of transmission ratio:

- Via the series, for example the standard series of SEV229-75 for as
below:

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  All of number finding out are satisfied the standard, so we can
conclude that all of data, considering to now are correct!

17.Determine the changing coefficient for the teeth:

- To avoid the cutting of teeth leg, we should check the condition of for
driving gear and for driven gear, which “x” is changing coefficient.
- The meaning of changing coefficient is enhancing the strength when
contacting off the teeth, bending coefficient, improving the ability of
bearing of the teeth.
- Due to this below table, because the number of teeth for driving teeth is
23 being larger than 20 and lower than 30, so we choose the value of
and as below:

32
- With the value of and , we find out the total of changing
coefficient as below:

- We continue find out the sub coefficient using in this case: and as
below:

+ As the table below, we can select :

 for
- The coefficient of “decreasing the top of teeth” (DTT) can be computed as
below:

- The axial distance after using changing coefficient:

(1)
 This number is the nearest to the value 200mm that we find out before,
it is again proved that that number is realistic and appropriate to use in
further computational!

18.Geometrical properties of the gear system:

- Via the below table, we can easily to find out all of compulsory data of
geometry for these driving and driven gears:

33
 - The results are computed in the next table:
Names of Symbols Formulas Units Values
properties of
properties

Module m x mm 3
Number of and x teeth 23 and 111
teeth
Axial x mm 200
distance

34
The and mm 69 and 333
divided
diameter

Divided a mm 201
axial
distance
Roller and mm 2400 and
diameter 12000

Top of and mm 77.76 and

teeth 341.76
diameter
Bottom of and mm 64.5 and
teeth 328.5
diameter
Porphin According to TCVN 1066 - 71 degree 20
angle
Wheelbase and mm 64.84 and
diameter 312.92

Porphin degree 20
teeth angle

Contact degree 22o7’=22.1

angle
Total of x 99182.84
moving
coefficient

Coefficien x 18.85
t of
horizontal
matching

Width of and search via the table below mm 84.42 and

tooth rim 80.4

35
- Some note of the previous table:
+ x: Already have in previous chaps and parts; or none – it means no
existence.
+ : The angle for helical gear, in this case it seems to zero.
+ inv: a function that should be considered in this below picture (2)
+ For to calculate contact angle, total moving coefficient using the
value of in the equation (1)
+ x1; x2; are computed in the previous part, but when using these
number to calculate, the result of axial distance or relative parameters are
as nearly same as axial distance that we have in the series, so in this case,
we can accept these values for less caution as explained in the previous
part.

+
+ Table of the ratio for the width of tooth rim as below (3):

Picture 2

36
 Picture 3

CHAPTER 4: DESIGNING SHAFTS

CHAPTER 5: SELECTING BEARINGS

CHAPTER 6: SELECTING LUBRICATIONS METHODS

CHAPTER 7: SELECTING KEYS, COUPLINGS

37