DATA FILE HANDLING

File- A file is a sequence of bytes on the disk/permanent storage where a group of

related data is stored. File handling in Python enables us to create, update, read, and
delete the files stored on the file system through our python program.

Data File handling takes place in the following order.

1- Opening a file.
2- Performing operations (read, write) or processing data.
3- Closing the file.

Types of File in Python:

Python allows us to create and manage three types of data files.
1- Text file
2- Binary file
3- CSV file

Text file: A text file is simply a sequence of ASCII or Unicode characters. A line is a
sequence of characters, stored on permanent storage. In a text file, each line is
terminated by a special character, known as End of Line (EOL). Text file can be
created using any text editor. Ex. Myfile.txt.

Binary file: A binary file stores the data in the same way as stored in the memory.
The .exe files, mp3 file, image files, word documents are some of the examples of
binary files. We can’t read a binary file using a text editor.

CSV file: CSV (Comma Separated Values) is a simple text file format for storing data
in tabular form such as spread sheet or database. The data is organized with one record
on each line and each field is separated by comma.

Compare text files, binary files and csv files

Sl.no Text file Binary file CSV file

1 It is capable to handle It is capable to handle large It is very common format
textual data. file. and platform independent.
2 It consists of series of It consists of data with a It consists of plain text with
lines of a set of letters, specific pattern without any a list of data with a delimiter.
 numbers or symbols delimiter.
(String)
KVS RO EKM - STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL (COMPUTER SCIENCE-083) FOR THE ACADEMIC
YEAR 2022-23 62

3 Any text editors like No specific programs can be It can be read using text
notepad can be used to used to read them, python editors like notepads and
read them. provides functions to read spreadsheet software.
data.
4 Every line ends with There is no specific EOL It terminates
EOL. character. a
line automatically
when the
delimiter is not used after
data.

Absolute Path – It is a full path of the file from the root directory. Absolute paths ensure
that Python can find the exact file on your computer.
Ex : - C:\\Users\\Tanmay\\Desktop\\Delete\\file_handling.txt f=open(“C:\\Users\\Tanmay\\
Desktop\\Delete\\file_handling.txt”,r)

Relative Path – It is the path of the file from the current working directory.
Relative Path is the hierarchical path that locates a file or folder on a file system
starting from the current directory. The relative path is different from the absolute path,
which locates the file or folder starting from the root of the file system.
f=open(“file_handling.txt”,r)

Operation On Files

In Python

1. Opening a file – open() function

2.Read/Write file
– Read Functions – read() , readline(), readlines()
– Write Functions – write() , writelines()
3.Close the File – close() Function

4.Remove the file – remove() #Function of OS Module

5.Rename the file –rename(“oldname”,”newname”) #Function of OS Module
 Read the Contents of An Existing
File
1. Open the file– file_object = open(“read_sample.txt”, ’r’) # Relative Path
file_object = open(“C:\\Desktop\\Notes\\sample.txt”) #Absolute Path

2. Reading the file–

rf = file_object.read()
print(rf)

3. Closing the file–

file_object.close()

Working of open() function

We use open () function in Python to open a file in read or write mode. open ( ) will
return a file object. To return a file object we use open() function along with two
arguments, that accepts file name and the mode, whether to read or write. So, the
syntax being: open(filename, mode). There are three kinds of mode, that Python
provides and how files can be opened:
“ r “, for reading.
“ w “, for writing.
“ a “, for appending.

Modes Description
1. r - Opens a file for reading only. The file pointer is placed at the beginning of the
file. This is the default mode. Gives error if file does not exist.

2. r+ - Opens a file for both reading and writing. The file pointer placed at the
beginning of the file.

3. w - Opens a file for writing only. Overwrites the file if the file exists. If the
file does not exist, creates a new file for writing.

4. w+ - Opens a file for both writing and reading. Overwrites the existing
file if the file exists. If the file does not exist, creates a new file for reading and writing.

5. a - Opens a file for appending. The file pointer is at the end of the file if the file
exists. That is, the file is in the append mode. If the file does not exist, it creates a new file
for writing.
6. a+ - Opens a file for both appending and reading. The file pointer is at the end
of the file if the file exists. The file opens in the append mode. If the file does not exist, it
creates a new file for reading and writing.

Reading from a file

There are three ways to read data from a text file.

read() : Returns the read bytes in form of a string. Reads n bytes, if no n specified, reads
the entire file.

File_object.read([n])

readline() : Reads a line of the file and returns in form of a string. For specified n, reads
at most n bytes. However, does not reads more than one line, even if n exceeds the
length of the line.

File_object.readline([n])

readlines() : Reads all the lines and return them list in which each line as a string element.

File_object.readlines()

Note: ‘\n’ is treated as a special character of two bytes.

Writing onto text files:

write() function

The write() function will write the content in the file without adding any extra characters.

file_name.write(content)

writelines() function98
This function writes the content of a list to a file. file_name.

writelines(list_of_lines)
# Program to show various ways to read data from a file.

# Creating a file
file1 = open("myfile.txt", "w")
L = ["This is Delhi \n", "This is Paris \n", "This is London \n"]

# Writing data to a file

file1.write("Hello \n")
file1.writelines(L)
file1.close()

# to change file access modes file1 = open("myfile.txt", "r+")

print("Output of Read function is ")

print(file1.read())
print()

# seek(n) takes the file handle to the

nth # byte from the beginning.
file1.seek(0)

print("Output of Readline function is ")

print(file1.readlin
e()) print()
file1.seek(0)

# To show difference between read and readline

print("Output of Read(9) function
is ") print(file1.read(9)) print()
file1.seek(0)

print("Output of Readline(9) function

is ") print(file1.readline(9)) print()
file1.seek(0)

Output:

Output of Read function is

Hello
This is Delhi
This is Paris
This is London
 Output of Readline function is
Hello

Output of Read(9) function is

Hello
Th

Output of Readline(9)
function is
Hello

Output of Readlines function is

['Hello \n', 'This is Delhi \n', 'This is Paris \n', 'This is London \n']
Setting Offsets in a File

If we want to access data in a random fashion, then Python gives us seek() and tell()
functions to do so

The tell() method

This function returns an integer that specifies the current position of the file object in
the file. The position so specified is the byte position from the beginning of the file till
the current position of the file object. The syntax of using tell() is: A=file_object.tell()

The seek() method

This method is used to position the file object at a particular position in a file. The
syntax of seek() is:

file_object.seek(offset [, reference_point])

In the above syntax, offset is the number of bytes by which the file object is to be
moved. reference_point indicates the starting position of the file object. That is, with
reference to which position, the offset has to be counted. It can have any of the
following values:

0 - beginning of the file

1 - current position of the file
2 - end of file

By default, the value of reference_point is 0, i.e. the offset is counted from the beginning
of the file.

For example, the statement fileObject.seek(5,0) will position the file object at 5th byte
position from the beginning of the file.

SAMPLE PROGRAMS

1. Write a program to write roll no and name to xiib.txt

2.Write read contents from story.txt and count no: of independent words “to”
in the file

3.______ is the return type of readline()

Ans: string
 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. Write a program to read contents from the text file story.txt and count no:of vowels
in it
2. Write a program to read contents from the text file myfile.txt and find average word
count
3. Write a program to read contents from the text file library.txt and count “is” as
independent word
4. Write a program to read contents from the text file diary.txt and count number of
lines with Starting letter “T” or “M”
5. Write a program to read contents from the text file mydiary.txt and count number of
lines with ending letter “r”

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. If a text file is opened in w+ mode, then what is the initial position of file
pointer/cursor?
a. Beginning of file
b. End of the file
c. Beginning of the last line of text file
d. Undetermined

2. Which of the following statements are true?

a. When you open a file for reading, if the file does not exist, an error occurs
b. When you open a file for writing, if the file does not exist, a new file is created
c. When you open a file for writing, if the file exists, the existing file is overwritten with the
new file
d. All of the mentioned

3. To read the entire remaining contents of the file as a string from a file object myfile,
we use
a. myfile.read(2)
b. myfile.read()
c. myfile.readline()
d. myfile.readlines()

4. A text file is opened using the statement f = open(‘story.txt’). The file has a
total of 10 lines. Which of the following options will be true if statement 1 and
 statement 2 are executed in order.
Statement 1: L1 = f.readline( )
Statement 2: L2 = f.readlines( )

a. L1 will be a list with one element and L2 will be list with 9 elements.
b. L1 will be a string and L2 will be a list with 10 elements.
c. L1 will be a string and L2 will be a list with 9 elements.
d. L1 will be a list with 10 elements and L2 will be an empty list.

5. Which function of a file object can be used to fetch the current cursor position
in terms of number of bytes from beginning of file? a. seek( )
b. bytes( )
c. tell( )
d. fetch( )

6. What will be the output of the following code? f

= open(‘test.txt’, ‘w+’)
L = [‘First Line\n’, ‘Second Line\n’, ‘Third Line’]
f.writelines(L)
f.flush()
f.seek(0)
O = f.readlines()
print(len(O))

a. 33
b. 31
c. 28
d. 3

7. The contents of a text file named ‘quote.txt’ is as shown below:

All the kings horses and all the kings men

cannot fix what isn’t broken.
What will be the output of the following code?

fin =
open('fracture.txt’)
data = fin.read(10)
print(data[0:3], end=
‘’) data =
fin.readline(5)
 print(data[0:3] ,
end= ‘’) fin.seek(0)
data = fin.read(4)
print(data[0:3] ,
end= ‘’)

a. AllngsAll
b. AllcanAll
c. Allcancan
d. Allngscan

8. What will be the most correct option for possible output of the following code,
given that the code executes without any error.
f = open(‘cricket.txt’)
data = f.read(150)
print(len(data))

a. It will always be 150

b. 151
c. More than or equal to 150
d. Less than or equal to 150

9. For the following python code, what will be the datatype of variables x, y, z given
that the code runs without any error?
f=
open(‘story.txt’
) x = f.read(1) y
= f.readline() z
= f.readlines()
a. string, list, list
b. None, list, list
c. string, string, list
d. string, string, string

10. The contents of a text file named ‘fracture.txt’ is as shown below:

Do you dare stay out, Do you dare go in

How much can you lose, How much can you win

And if you go in, should you turn left or right

You will get so confused that you will start in to race

 What will be the output of the following code?

fin =
open('fracture.txt’) x
= 0 for line in fin:
words = line.split( )
for w in words:
if len(w)>x:
x = len(w) print(x)

a. 12
b. 11
c. 13
d. 10

Answers:
1. a. Beginning of file
2. d. All of the mentioned
3. b. myfile.read()
4. c. L1 will be a string and L2 will be a list with 9 elements.
5. c. tell( )
6. d. 3
7. a. AllngsAll
8. d. Less than or equal to 150
9. c. string, string, list
10. a. 12

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Differentiate between file modes r+ and w+ with respect to python?
Ans: r+ opens a text file for reading and writing.
w+ opens a text file for reading and writing. It overwrites the file if it exists, create a
file if it doesn’t.

2. Write a statement in Python to open a text file “ABC.TXT” in reading mode.

Ans: F=open("ABC.TXT","r")
3. In ___________ files each line terminates with EOL or ‘\n’ or carriage return, or ‘\r\n’.

Ans: Text File

4. Observe the following code and answer the questions that follow.
File=open(“MyData”,”a”)
_____________ #Blank1
File.close()
a) What type (text/binary) of file is MyData ?
b) Fill the Blank1 with statement to write “ABC” in the file “Mydata”
Ans: a) Text File

b) File.write(“ABC”)

5. What are files?

Ans: A named entity, usually stored on a hard drive that contains a stream of characters
are called files.

2 SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Explain seek() method in python.
In Python, seek() function is used to change the position of the File Handle to a given
specific position.

Syntax: fi.seek(offset, from_where), where fi is the file pointer

Offset: This is used for defining the number of positions to move forward.
from_where: This is used for defining the point of reference. It can take 0: beginning of
the file. 1: current position of the file. 2: end of the file.

2. Write a function in Python that counts the number of “the” or “this” words
present in a text file “myfile.txt”.
Example: If the “myfile.txt” contents are as follows:
This is my first class on Computer Science. File handling is the easiest topic for
me and Computer Networking is the most interesting one.
The output of the function should be: Count of the/this in file: 3

Answer:
def displayTheThis():
num=0
f=open("myfile.txt","r")
N=f.read()
M=N.split() for x in
M: if x=="the" or
x== "this":
print(x)
num=num+1 f.close()
print("Count of the/this in
file:",num)

3. Write a function countVowels() in Python, which should read each character

of a text file “myfile.txt”, count the number of vowels and display the count.
Example: If the “myfile.txt” contents are as follows:
This is my first class on Computer Science.
The output of the function should be: Count of vowels in file: 10
Answer:
def countVowels():
fobj =
open(“myfile.txt”)
data = fobj.read()
count = 0
vowels=[‘a’,’e’,’I’,’o
’,’u’] for ch in data:
if ch in vowels:
count +=1 print(“Count of vowels
in file:”, count)

4. Write a Python program to count all the line having 'a' as last character.
Answer:

count =0
f=open('fracture.txt',"
r") data=f.readlines()
for line in data:
if line[-2] == 'a': count=count+1 print("Number of lines
having 'a' as last character is/are : " ,count) f.close()

5. Assume that a text file named TEXT1.TXT already contains some text written
 into it, write a program with a function named vowelwords(),that reads the file
TEXT1.TXT and create a new file named TEXT2.TXT ,which shall contain only
those words from the file TEXT1.TXT which don’t start with an uppercase vowel(i.e.
with ‘A’,’E’,’I’,’O’,’U’) , for example if the file TEXT1.TXT contains Carry
Umbrella and Overcoat When it Rains then the file TEXT2.TXT shall contain Carry
and when it Rains.

Answer:

def vowelwords ():

file1=open('TEXT1.txt','
r')
file2=open('TEXT2.txt','
w') text = file1.read()
text=text.split()
vowels=['A','E','I','O','U']
for i in text:

if i[0] not in vowels:

file2.write(i)
file2.write(" ")
file1.close()
file2.close()

vowelwords()
KVS RO EKM - STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL (COMPUTER SCIENCE-083) FOR THE ACADEMIC
YEAR 2022-23 74

BINARY FILES
 File
Operations

Read
operations in
Binary file a binary file Modulesand
Methods
Basic write/create
operat io import pickle
module

open using file

open modes search dump()
rb , rb +
wb, wb+ method
ab, ab+
append
update load()
close a binary method
delete

● Binary file(used to store binary data such as images, video files, audio files etc.) is a non-text
file. It contains data as 1s and 0s(computer readable format).

● Binary files are processed byte by byte.

● There is no delimiter and EOL character in the binary file.

● There is no translations occur in binary files

● Binary files are faster in processing and consumes less memory compared to text files.

● Extension of binary files are any non-text file exensions like .bin,.dat etc

● pickle module is offering functions(dump and load) to operating binary files.

● File opening mode must attach ‘b’ to it for operating binary file(Ex: ‘rb’- for reading)
Operations on binary file
• Writing data into binary file
• Searching of data
• Modifying data
• Deleting data
• Appending data

try and except block

pickle.load() can generate runtime exceptions like EOFError. try and except block will
handle runtime errors raised due to EOF (end of file) .In try block write all the
statements that can generate an exception and in except block write code to handle the
exception.

Writing data into binary file

Write a program to write contents to a binary file stud.dat with record format
[rollno,name,marks]

Searching of data from binary file

Write a program to read contents from the file stud.dat and display those records
whose marks >90. Assume stud.dat existing in the system with the record format
[rollno,name,marks]

Deleting data from a binary file

Write a program to read contents from the file stud.dat and delete those records whose
marks <90. Assume stud.dat existing in the system with the record format
[rollno,name,marks]
Below program is implemented using function and module os is used to use functions
like rename() and remove()

Updating /Modifying data in a binary file

Write a program to update records in the file stud.dat with records in the format
[rollno,name,marks].Increase 10 marks to the student whose rollnumber entered by
the user
Appending data in to a binary file
Write a program to append records into the file stud.dat with records in the format
[rollno,name,marks]

Opening a file using with statement

In Python, we can also open a file using with statement.

The syntax of with statement is:

with open (file_name, access_mode) as file_object:

The with statement is a compact statement which combines the opening of file ,
processing of file along with inbuilt exception handling.The with statement will also
close the file automatically after with block is over.

with open(“myfile.txt”,”r+”) as myObject:

content = myObject.read()

Here, we don’t have to close the file explicitly using close() statement. Python will
automatically close the file.

SAMPLE QUESTIONS
1. A binary file “employees.dat” has structure [empid, empname, age, department]

a. Write a user defined function CreateEmployee() to input the data to a

record and add to employee.dat
b. Write a function CountRec(department) in Python which accepts the
Department of the employee as the parameter and count and return the
number of employees in that department.

PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1. A binary file “STUDENT.DAT” has structure [admission_number, Name,

Percentage]. Write a function countrec() in Python that would read contents of the file
“STUDENT.DAT” and display the details of those students whose percentage is
above 75.
Also display number of students scoring above 75%.
2. A binary file “students.dat” has structure (admission_number, Name,
Percentage, subject). Write a function countrec() in Python that would read contents
of the file and display the details of those students whose subject is “Biology” and
percentage is below 45%. Also display the number of such students

3. A binary file “STOCK.DAT” has structure [ITEMID, ITEMNAME,

QUANTITY, PRICE].

(i) Write a user defined function MakeFile( ) to input data for a record and add
to Book.dat.

(ii) Write a function GetPrice(ITEMID) in Python which accepts the ITEMID as

parameter and return PRICE of the Item stored in Binary file STOCK.DAT

4. A binary file “EMPLOYEE.DAT” has structure (EMPID, EMPNAME,

SALARY). Write a function CountRec( ) in Python that would read contents of the
file “EMPLOYEE.DAT” and display the details of those Employees whose Salary is
above 20000. Also display number of employees having Salary more than 20000.

5. A binary file “Computers.dat” has structure [CNo, Make, Model, Price].

The description is given below:

CNo : Computer Number e.g. 278548

Make : Make of PC e.g. HP

Model : Model Number e.g. VXPC126

Price : Price of computer e.g.40258.99

i)Write a user defined function CreatePC() to input data for a record and append in
Computers.dat .

ii. Write a function FindPCs(Price) in Python which accepts the Price as parameter
and display only those computer records from Computers.dat which are having less
than or equal to given price.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following statements is true?

a. load method of pickle module gives error if EOF is reached
b. load method of pickle module returns an empty string is EOF is reached
c. load method of pickle module returns -1 if EOF is reached
d. None of the above

2. Shylesh is writing python code to append a new record to a binary file

‘salary.dat’ that is storing list objects containing [empid, empname, salary].
Consider the following code written by him.
import pickle
f = open(‘salary.dat’, ‘ab’) id =
input(“Enter employee id : ”) name =
input(“Enter name of employee: ”) sal
= float(input(“Enter salary :”)) record =
___________ #Blank 1
pickle.dump(record,f)

f.close()

Identify the missing part of Blank 1.

a. [id,name,sal]
b. id, name, sal
c. [empid, empname, salary]
d. empid, empname, salary

3. Which is the valid syntax to write an object onto a binary file opened in the write
mode?
a. pickle.dump(<object to be written>, <file handle of open file>)
b. pickle.dump(<file handle of open file>, <object to be written>)
c. dump.pickle(<object>, <file handle>)
d. None of the above

4. What is the binary file mode associated with “ file must exist, otherwise error will
be raised and reading and writing can take place”.
a. wb+
b. w+
c. rb
d. rb+

5. Rahul is trying to write a tuple t = (10,20,30,40,50) on a binary

file notebook.bin. Consider the following code written by him.
import pickle #statement 1 t =
(10,20,30,40,50) #statement 2 myfile =
open("notebook.bin",'w') #statement 3 pickle.dump(t, myfile)
#statement 4
myfile.close()

Which of the following statement contains an error?

a. Statement 1
b. Statement 2
c. Statement 3
d. Statement 4

6. A binary file “salary.dat” has structure [employee id, employee name, salary].
What the following code will display: def records():
num=0
fobj=open("data.dat","rb")
try:
print("Emp id\tEmp Name\tEmp Sal")
while True:
rec=pickle.load(fobj)
if rec[2]< 20000:
print(rec[0],"\t\t",rec[1],"\t\t",rec[2])
except: fobj.close() records()

a. Display the details of those employee whose salary is above 20000.

b. Display the details of all the employees.
c. Display the salaries of all the employees.
d. Display the details of those employees whose salary is less than 20000.

7. In which file, no delimiters are used for line and no translations occur?
(a) Text file
(b) Binary file
(c) csv file
(d) None of the above

8. Choose the file mode used to write data into binary file.
(a) rb
(b) wb
(c) r+
(d) w+

9. Which of the following function is used to read data from a binary file?

(a) write
(b) load
(c) dump
(d) scan

10. Dima is trying to read a list l1 from a binary file ‘num’. Consider the
following code written by her.

import pickle f1 = open("num",'rb')

l1=__________________#Stateme
nt 1

print(l1)
f1.close()

Identify the missing code in Statement 1.

(a) pickle.load(f1)

(b) pickle.load(l1,f1)

(c) pickle.read(f1)

(d) pickle.dump(l1,f1)

Answers:

a.load method of pickle module gives error if EOF is reached a.

[id,name,sal]

a. pickle.dump(<object to be written>, <file handle of open

file>) d. rb+
 c. Statement 3

d.Display the details of those employees whose salary is less than 20000.
(b) Binary file

(b) wb

(b) load

(a) pickle.load(f1)
CASE STUDY QUESTIONS
Amit Kumar of class 12 is writing a program to store roman numbers and find their
equivalents using a dictionary. He has written the following code. As a programmer,
help him to successfully execute the given task.

import __________ #Line 1

numericals = {1: ‘I’, 4 : ‘IV’, 5: ‘V’ , 9: ‘IX’, 10:’X’,
40:’XL’,50:’L’, 90:’XC’,
100:’C’,400:’CD’,500:’D’,900:’CM’,1000:’M’}

file1 = open(“roman.log”,”_______”) #Line 2

pickle.dump(numerals,file1) file1.close() file2 =
open(“roman.log”,’________”) #Line 3
num = pickle.load(file2)
file2.__________
#Line 4 n = 0 while n!=-1:
print(“Enter 1,4,5,9,10,40,50,90,100,400,500,900,1000:”)
print(“or enter -1 to exit”) n = int(input(“Enter
numbers”)) if n!= -1:
print(“Equivalent roman number of this numeral is:”,num[n]) else:
print(“Thank You”)

(a) Name the module he should import in Line 1.

(b) In which mode, Amit should open the file to add data into the file in
Line #2 (c) Fill in the blank in Line 3 to read the data from a binary file.
(d) Fill in the blank in Line 4 to close the file.
(e) Write the output he will obtain while input is 100.
 Answers:

(a) pickle
(b) wb
(c) rb
(d) file2.close()
(e) C

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. A binary file “emp.dat” has structure [EID, Ename, designation, salary].

I.Write a user defined function CreateEmp() to input data for a record and add to emp.dat.
II.Write a function display() in Python to display the detail of all employees.
Answer:

I.

import pickle
def
CreateEmp():

f1=open("emp.dat",'wb')
eid=input("Enter E. Id")
ename=input("Enter
Name")

designation=input("Enter
Designation")
salary=int(input("Enter Salary"))
l=[eid,ename,designation,salary]
pickle.dump(l,f1) f1.close()

II.

import
pickle def
 display():

f2=open("emp.dat","rb"
) while True:
try:

rec=pickle.load(f2)
print(rec['eid'],rec['ename'],rec['designation'],rec['salary'])
except EOFError: break f2.close()

2. A binary file “emp.DAT” has structure [EID, Ename, designation,salary].

I.Write a function to write more items in emp.dat.

II.Write a function Show() in Python that would read detail of employee from file “emp.dat” and
display the details of those employee whose designation is “Manager”.

I)

import
pickle def
createemp():

f1=open("emp.dat",'ab')
eid=input("Enter E. Id")
ename=input("Enter Name")

designation=input("Enter
Designation")
salary=int(input("Enter Salary"))
l=[eid,ename,designation,salary]
pickle.dump(l,f1) f1.close()

II) def Show():

f2=open("emp.dat","rb
") while True:
 try:

rec=pickle.load(f2) if
(rec['designation']=='Manager'):
print(rec['eid'],rec['ename'],
rec['designation'],rec['salary'])
except EOFError: break
f2.close()

3. A binary file “employee.dat” has structure [ empId, empName , Dept,

Salary]. (i) Write a user defined function addData() to input data for a record
and add tp employee.dat
(ii) Write a function checkSalary(empName) in Python which accepts the
empName as parameter and return the salary of particular employee by the given
employee name stored in the file employee.dat
(i) import pickle def addData():
fobj=open("employee.dat","ab")
empID=int(input("Enter Emp ID : "))
empName=input("Employee Name :")
Dept = input(“Department: “)
Salary = int(input("Monthly Salary
: ")) rec=[ empId, empName ,
Dept, Salary]
pickle.dump(rec,fobj)
fobj.close()
(ii)
import pickle def
checkSalary(empName)
:
fobj=open("employee.dat","r
b") num = 0 try: while
True:
rec=pickle.load(fobj)
if Author==rec[3]:
num = num + 1
except:
 fobj.close()
return num

4. A binary file “discovery.dat” has a structure

[scien_name,discovery,yearofDiscovery,yearofbirth]
Write a function display(scien_name) in python that accepts the name of a scientist as
scien_name and returns the discovery with the year of discovery.

import pickle def

display(scien_name)
:
fobj=open("Discovery.DAT",
"rb") num = 0 try:
while True:
rec=pickle.load(fobj)
if rec[1] ==
scien_name:
print(rec[0],rec[1],rec[2],sep="\t")
num = num + 1 except:
fobj.close()
return num

CSV FILE
• A Comma Separated Values (CSV) file is a plain text file that contains the commaseparated
data.
• These files are often used for exchanging data between different applications.
• CSV files are usually created by programs that handle huge amounts of data. They are used to
export data from spreadsheets (ex:- excel file) and databases (Ex:- Oracle, MySQL). It can be used
to import data into a spreadsheet or a database.

CSV File Structure

## sample.csv file structure

Name, DOB, City

Ram, 12-Jul-2001, Delhi
Mohan, 23-Jan-2005, Delhi
Python CSV Module
• CSV Module is available in Python Standard Library.
• The CSV module contains classes that are used to read and write tabular form of
data into CSV format.
• To work with CSV Files, programmer have to import CSV Module. import csv

Methods of CSV Module :

• writer( )  reader( )

Both the methods return an Object of writer or reader class. Writer Object again have two
methods – writerow( ) , writerows( ).

writer( ) Methods
This function returns a writer object which is used for converting the data given by the
user into delimited strings on the file object. writer( ) Object Methods –

• w_obj . writerow( <Sequence> ) : Write a Single Line

• w_obj . writerows ( <Nested Sequence> ) : Write Multiple Lines

Example:-

## writerow()
import csv
row=['Nikhil', 'CEO', '2',
'9.0']
f=open("myfile.csv", 'w')
w_obj = csv.writer(f)
w_obj.writerow(row)
f.close()
## writerows()

import csv
rows = [['Nikhil','CEO','2','9.0'],
['Sanchit','CEO','2','9.1']]
f=open("myfile.csv",'w')
w_obj = csv.writer(f)
 w_obj.writerows(rows)

f.close()

reader( ) Methods
This function returns a reader object which will be used to iterate over lines of a given
CSV file.

r_obj = csv.reader(csvfile_obj)

To access each row, we have to iterate over this Object.

for i in r_obj:
print(i)
import csv
f=open("myfile.csv
",'r') r_obj =
csv.reader(f) for
data in r_obj:

print(data)
f.close()

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:

1. Write a program to read entire data from file

data.csv import csv f=open("data.csv",
'r') d=csv.reader(f) for row in d:
print(row)
OUTPUT:
['Admno', 'Name', 'Class', 'Sec', 'Marks']
['1231', 'Amit', 'XII', 'A', '45']
['1224', 'Anil', 'XII', 'B', '49']
['1765', 'Suman', 'XI', 'A', '42']
 ['2132', 'Naman', 'XII', 'C', '38']

2.Write a program to add/insert records in file “data.csv”. Structure of a record is roll

number, name and class.
import csv
field = ["Roll no" , "Name" ,
"Class"] f = open("data.csv" ,
'w') d=csv.writer(f)
d.writerow(field)
rn=int(input("Enter Roll number:
")) nm = input("Enter name: ")
cls = input("Enter Class: ")
rec=[rn,nm,cls]
d.writerow(rec)
f.close()

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. CSV stands for :
a. Comma Separated Values
b. Comma Separated Variables
c. Comma Stored Values
d. Comma Stored Variables

2. The separator character of CSV Files is called a

a. EOL
b. Delimiter
c. EOF
d. Default

3. The default delimiter for a CSV file is :

a. Semi colon
b. Colon
c. Comma
d. Hyphen

4. _____ module of Python provides the functionality to read and write tabular data in
CSV file.
a. pickle
b. csv
c. file
d. ccv

5. Which function is used to open a csv file ?

a. Open()
b. csv.open()
c. writer()
d. csv.writer()

6. Name the function to read from CSV file.

a. read()
b. csv.reader()
c. csv.read()
d. readline()

7. Which among the following is not a function of csv module?

a. reader()
b. read()
c. writer()
d. writerows()

8. In Python, default newline character is :

a. \f
b. \t
c. \n
d. \v

9. CSV module allows to write multiple rows using function.

a. writerows( )
b. writerow( )
c. writer( )
d. None of the above

10. The opening function of a csv file is similar to the opening

of: a. Binary file
b. Text File
c. Both of them
d. None of them

11. The _______argument of open function is to specify how Python handle the
newline characters in csv file
a. newline
b. line
c. mode
d. char

12. Which among the following is an iterable object ?

a. writer
b. file
c. reader
d. All of the above

13. To specify a different delimiter while writing into a csv file, argument is used with
writer object :
a. newline
b. separator
c. character
d. delimiter

14. Which mode opens the file for exclusive creation, which fails in the case where file
already exists
a. a
b. w
c. x
d. r

15. The file mode to open a CSV file for reading as well as writing is .
a. a+
b. w+
c. r+
d. All the above.
16. Identify the line number which may cause an error:
import csv #Line1 line=[[1,2,3],[4,5,6]]#Line 2
with open("sample.csv","w",newline="") as csvfile:
 #Line3 writer=csv.writer(csvfile,delimiter="|")
#Line4 for line in writer: #Line5
writer.writerow(line)
a. Line1
b. Line2
c. Line 4
d. Line

17. The CSV files are files.

a. Plain text file
b. Binary
c. Data
d. Python

18. The writer() function has how many mandatory parameters?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

19. Which of the following parameter needs to be added with open function to avoid blank
row followed by each record in the CSV file?
a. quotechar
b. quoting
c. newline
d. skiprow

20. Ajaikrishna wants to separate the values by a $ sign. Suggests him a pair of
function and parameter to use it. a. open, quotechar
b. writer, quotechar
c. open, delimiter
d. writer, delimiter

21. Tejalakshmi of Class 12 have written the below code . Observe and fill in the given
blanks so that it opens the file “data.csv” and read and print all the records.
I. What must be filled in line 1?
a. Open(“data.csv”,”r”)
b. open(“data.csv”)
c. “data.csv”
d. File

II. What must be filled in Line

2? a. csv.reader()
b. csv.read()
c. csv.write()
d. csv.writer()

III. What must be filled in line

3? a. data.csv
b. f
c. r
d. None

IV. What must be filled in line 4?

a. data
b. f
c. “File”
d. row

V. What is the default data type of data read from this file?
a. List
b. String
c. Tuple
d. Integer
22. Sudev, a student of class 12th, is learning CSV File Module in Python. During
examination, he has been assigned an incomplete python code to create a CSV file
‘customer.csv’ .Help him in completing the code which creates the desired CSV file.
I. Identify suitable code for the blank space in line marked as Statement-
1. a) include
b) add
c) Import
d) import

II. Identify the missing code for the blank space in line marked as Statement-
2. a) Customer
b) reader
c) csvwriter
d) writer

III. Identify the argument name for the blank space in line marked as Statement-3?
a) Row
b) Rec
c) row
d) rec

IV. Identify the missing file name for the blank space in line marked as Statement-
4? a) customer
b) customer.csv
c) customer.txt
d) customer.dat

V .Identify the object name for the blank space in line marked as Statement-5?

a) i
b) Rec
c) row
d) rec

23. Daya of class 12 is writing a program to create a CSV file “empdata.csv” with
empid, name & mobile number. Also to search a particular empid and display its
record details. He has written the following code. As a programmer, help him to
successfully execute the given task.
Choose the module he should import in Line 1.
a) math
b) pickle
c) csv
d) random

II. Choose a code to write the column heading from fields list in
Line2. a) writerows(fields)
b) writerow(field)
c) writerow(fields)
d) writerows(fields)

III. Choose a code to write the row from rows list in

Line3. a) writerows(row)
b) writerow(row)
c) writerow(rows)
d) write_row(row)

IV. Choose a code for line 4 to read the data from a csv
file. a) csv.reader(f)
b) csv.read(f) d) pickle.load(f) e) f.read()
V. Choose the correct variable (list value) to check “emplid” in Line5

a) Row[0]
b) Rec[0]
c) row[0]
d) rec[0]

24.Viraj is making a software on “Countries and their Capitals” in which various

records are to be stored/retrieved in “CAPITAL.CSV” data file. It consists of few
records of Countries and their Capitals. He has written the following code in python.
As a programmer, you have to help him to successfully execute the program.

I. Choose the Name of the function in Statement-1.

a) AddNewRec
b) Addnew
c) Addrec
d) AddNewRec()

II. Choose the file mode to be passed to add new records in Statement-2.
a) w
 b) r
c) w+
d) a
III. Identify the correct variables in Statement-3 to store data to the file.
a) country,capital
b) Country,Capital
c) Coun,Cap
d) [Country,Capital]

IV. Choose the correct option for Statement-4 to read the data from a csv file.
a) Reader()
b) reader()
c) read
d) reader

V. Choose the output which will come after executing Statement-5.

a) ‘INDIA NEW DELHI’ ‘CHINA BEIJING’
b) ‘CHINA’ ‘BEIJING’
c) INDIA NEW DELHI
d)None of the above

25. Rinsha of class 12 is writing a program to create a CSV file “user.csv” which will
contain user name and password for some entries. She has written the following code.
As a programmer, help her to successfully execute the given task.
I. Name the module she should import in Line 1.
a. CSV
b. csv
c. math
d. File

II. In which mode, Rinsha should open the file to add data into the file.
a. r
b. a
c. w
d. w+

III. Fill in the blank in Line 3 to read the data from a csv file.
a. writer()
b. reader()
c. write()
d. read()
IV. Fill in the blank in Line 4 to close the file.
a. End()
b. Close()
c. close()
d. end()

26. Consider the following csv file and the code fragment associated with the following
csv file :

I.What will be the output printed by the above code?

a. SLNO12345
b. SLNO
c. The entire content
d. Error

II. What will be the output printed by the above code if the break is replaced with continue?
a. SLNO12345
b. SLNO
c. The entire content
d. Error

III. What will occur if the file stud.csv is not existing in the mentioned
path? a. It will create a new one
b. It will create an error
c. None of the above
d. It will cause a system reboot
 IV. Which statement in the above code will help to move to the next
record? a. fobj.next()
b. next(fobj)
c. fobj.move()
d. fobj.forward()

27. Sai Krishna has created the following csv file named item.csv:

He has written the following program for managing the file. Help him to find the
answers for the following questions.

I. What will be printed by Line1?

a. All the records
b. ITEMNO, NAME, PRICE c.item.csv
d. None of the above

II. What will be printed by Line2?

a. 101,PENCIL,5
b. ITEMNO, NAME, PRICE c.102,PEN,10
d. 103,NOTEBOOK,156

III. What will be printed by Line3?

a. 103,NOTEBOOK,15
b. Line 3 will not be executed
c. Line 3 will be executed , but nothing will be printed d. 102,PEN,10
 IV. What will be printed by
Line4? a. 101,PENCIL,5
b. ITEMNO, NAME, PRICE
c. 102,PEN,10
d. 103,NOTEBOOK,15

V. What must be written in Line 5?

a. F.close()
b. f.close()
c. fobj.close()
d. csvfile.close()

ANSWERS

QNO OPT QNO OPT QNO OPT QNO OPT

1 A 6 b 11 a 16 d
2 B 7 b 12 c 17 a
3 C 8 c 13 d 18 a
4 B 9 a 14 c 19 c
5 B 10 b 15 d 20 d

QNO OPT QNO OPT QNO OPT

I b I d I c
II a II c II c
21 22 23
III c III b III b
IV d IV b IV a
V b V d V c

QNO OPT QNO OPT QNO OPT

I d I b I b
II d II b II c
24 25 26
III b III b III b
IV D IV c IV b
V b
QNO OPT
I b
II a
27
III b
IV c
V b