MANGROVE REHABILITATION FOR CLIMATE

USAID SUPPORT FOR

INDONESIA CLIMATE CHANGE
TRUST FUND (ICCTF)
Land-based Mitigation and
Adaptation & Resilience Actions

Indonesia Climate Change Trust Fund (ICCTF) ©2020

USAID SUPPORT FOR INDONESIA CLIMATE CHANGE TRUST FUND (ICCTF)

Land-based Mitigation and Adaptation & Resilience Actions 1
 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International
Development. It was prepared by Indonesia Climate Change Trust Fund (ICCTF). The
author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the
United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government.

2 USAID SUPPORT FOR INDONESIA CLIMATE CHANGE TRUST FUND (ICCTF)

Land-based Mitigation and Adaptation & Resilience Actions
 CONTENTS
Acronyms 2
Executive Summary 3
Achievements in Number 4
ICCTF-USAID Projects at A Glance 6
Land-Based Mitigation 7
Pilot Projects 8
Goals 9
Outputs 10
Impacts 10
Adaptation & Resilience 11
Pilot Projects 12
Goals 12
Outputs 13
Impacts 14
Best Practices and Lesson Learned 15
Projects’ Leverage 22
Financial Overview 23

FINAL REPORT
The Five Year Support of USAID:
Working Together to Develop Land Based Mitigation,
and Adaptation & Resilience Pilot Projects in Indonesia
Fundcite:
LO/S)-497-GRANT-15-ICCTF
MoU on June,19th, 2015

Cover photo:
Belitung Mangrove Park by Indonesia Climate Change Trust Fund

USAID SUPPORT FOR INDONESIA CLIMATE CHANGE TRUST FUND (ICCTF)

Land-based Mitigation and Adaptation & Resilience Actions 1
 ACRONYMS
CSOs Civil Society Organizations
GHGs Green House Gasses Emissions
HKM Community Forest
ICCTF Indonesia Climate Change Trust Fund
MoU Memorandum of Understanding
NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations
SRI System of Rice Intensification
USAID United States Agency for International Development

PROPONENTS

Baileo Yayasan Baileo Maluku

CFES Community Forest Ecosystem Service
CIS Timor Perkumpulan CIS Timor
FHut UGM Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University (UGM)
FIELDS Yayasan Farmers’ Initiative for Ecological Livelihoods
and Democracy
FTP UGM Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada
University
FWI Forest Watch Indonesia
Geomet IPB Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor
Agricultural University
IFGI Indonesian Forestry and Governance Institute
Javlec Yayasan Javlec Indonesia
LOH Lembaga Olah Hidup
Palung Yayasan Palung
PPI ITB Centre for Climate Change, Bandung Institute of
Technology
Pusat Penelitian Karet Indonesian Rubber Research Institute
PUSKA UI Anthropology Study Centre (PUSKA), Faculty of Social
and Political Science, University of Indonesia
Sesami Perkumpulan Sesami
STIK-Aceh Yayasan Teungku Chik Pante Kulu, STIK Aceh
Terangi Yayasan Terumbu Karang Indonesia
UMP Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Muhammadiyah
University of Palangkaraya
UNEJ Jember University
UNTAN University of Tanjungpura
Walestra Wahana Pelestarian dan Advokasi Hutan Sumatera
Yayorin Yayasan Orang Utan Indonesia
YEU YAKKUM Emergency Unit (YEU)
YLHS Yayasan Lingkungan Hidup Seloliman
YLI Yayasan Leuser Internasional
YPAM Yayasan Pengembangan Akhlaq Mulia
YPB Yayasan Penyu Berau
YRE Yayasan Rumah Energi
YTNTN Yayasan Taman Nasional Tesso Nilo
YTP Yayasan Tiara Pusaka
YTPKI Yayasan Transformasi Kebijakan Publik Indonesia

2 USAID SUPPORT FOR INDONESIA CLIMATE CHANGE TRUST FUND (ICCTF)

Land-based Mitigation and Adaptation & Resilience Actions
 EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
From 2016 until 2019, ICCTF has risk and vulnerability assessment
successfully implemented several documents, sea and agriculture
activities to support the government in vulnerability maps, local development
coping with climate change by using planning and area management
the funding from USAID. ICCTF has plan document, capacity building
managed 39 programs in two sectors development, workshops, feasibility
which are the land-based mitigation study documents and other activities
sector and adaptation and resilience related to the objectives of each
sector, and has spent IDR 70,275,000. program. The outputs have several
From 39 programs, while 31 programs impacts on the local and national
were choosen by Call for Proposals, levels, such as emission reductions,
started in 2016 and 2017, there are social and economic condition
7 new programs from both sectors improvement, and better cooperation
started in 2018, and 1 program started between stakeholders.
in 2019. The 7 new programs in
2018 and 1 new program in 2019 are Furthermore, ICCTF believes that multi-
selected through the Call for Institution stakeholder collaboration is one of the
activity organized in 2018 and also keys to coping with climate change. As
from ICCTF’s previous program that is such, a solid communication strategy
chosen to be scaled-up. is needed to raise more awareness,
interest, and commitment from multi-
This final completion report aims to level actors as in to engage more
summarize accomplishments and people in the project. Subsequently,
results produced from the programs in initiating the implementation of
during the Fiscal Year 2016-2019. ICCTF’s projects, ICCTF has engaged through the non-slash-and burn
The results shown in this report are various stakeholders, such as local method collaborated with Yayasan
developed through a grant program government, community groups, Orangutan Indonesia (Yayorin)
that has engaged non-governmental private sectors and non-governmental that has been supported by
entities to become one of the front organizations to collaborate and work and cooperated with the local
liners in achieving national objectives together to achieve the projects’ government of Kotawaringin Barat
related to the low-carbon economic objectives. in Central Kalimantan and Ministry
growth and national resilience of Agriculture.
development by prioritizing the Some projects that have successfully • The project of Belitung Mangrove
climate change issue. Accordingly, engaged various stakeholders to Park collaborated with Yayasan
ICCTF acts as a stimulator to produce collaborate or even replicate in different TERANGI that has encouraged
various innovative programs and areas are: multiple stakeholders to participate
strategies to support three pillars of • The project of System of Rice and invest in the project such as
sustainable development which are the Intensification (SRI) with the the local government of Belitung
environment, economic, and social, integrated climate-crop-soil-water regency and Kepulauan Bangka
also to assist the communities in model approach collaborated with Belitung province, the Local
enhancing the low-carbon development the Department of Agriculture and Watershed Management Center,
practices. Biosystem Engineering, Gadjah and Ministry of Public Works and
Mada University (FTP-UGM) that Public Housing.
Various outputs are produced from has been replicated by the local
the programs running in 2016-2019, government of East Nusa Tenggara Other than that, the initial 39 projects
which includes seeds purchasing and Ministry of Village, Development have generated a total of IDR
plantation, agricultural tools, lookout of Disadvantaged Regions and 168,177,875,000 funds from various
towers for forest fires and slash-and- Transmigration (Kemendesa), stakeholders who are interested in
burn activity, solar-power and water Ministry of Agriculture, and also participating the projects, as well
resource infrastructure, canal blocking the Coordinating Ministry for as other supports such as trainings,
infrastructure, tourism infrastructure, Economic Affairs. workshops, providing advocacy
rainwater harvesting tanks, climate • The land rehabilitation program services, and extension agents.

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Land-based Mitigation and Adaptation & Resilience Actions 3
 ACHIEVEMENTS
IN NUMBER

1,060 ha 265
671,831 lands reforestated on-farm demonstration plots

trees planted

6,620 ha
lands rehabilitated
45.5 ha
lands implements the climate
resilient agriculture technology

4.01
million ton CO2e 110 students
Involved

involved
Direct

potential carbon

44,732
emissions reductions
local people
directly involved

4 USAID SUPPORT FOR INDONESIA CLIMATE CHANGE TRUST FUND (ICCTF)

Land-based Mitigation and Adaptation & Resilience Actions
 30
units of fish farming
11
farmer networks established

2
centers of cattle farming
28
canal blocked

20
bio digester built
200
infiltration wells built

100
rainwater harvesting tanks built
10
artesian wells built

villages engaged 81 3 villages facilitated

by the solar panels

village policies
implemented 7 5 villages developed as
the bee harvesting center

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Land-based Mitigation and Adaptation & Resilience Actions 5
 ICCTF-USAID PROJECTS
AT A GLANCE

Starting from 2016, ICCTF has carried to the growth of a low-carbon economy
out ICCTF-USAID (US Government and the development of national
funds) funded projects on two focus resilience with respect to the impact of
areas: land-based mitigation and climate change. The funds have been
adaptation and resilience. The projects directed to non-governmental entities
are developed by considering local as ICCTF and USAID have agreed and
priorities and specific needs, also intended to support non-governmental
circumstances at the target group, entities as further recipient’s support
to overcome the environmental and for projects mentioned.
social problems based on the capacity
of the target group and Civil Society From 2016-2019, there are 39 projects
Organizations (CSOs). As such, the managed by ICCTF that are divided
projects’ designs are varied from one into 3 different batches. The first batch
to the others, yet, are still applicable implemented in 2016-2017 covered
or within the guidelines of ICCTF and 8 Land-based mitigation projects
USAID’s agreement. and 7 Adaptation and Resilience
projects; the second batch in 2017-
ICCTF and USAID have been agreed 2018 managed 12 Land-based
to increase collaboration between US Mitigation project and 4 Adaptation
and Indonesia on climate change and and Resilience projects; and the third
to support and strengthen ICCTF’s batch in 2018-2019 are responsible for
capacity to receive and manage 5 Land-based Mitigation projects and
international financing for climate 3 Adaptation and Resilience projects.
change-related activities. Accordingly, Therefore, there are 25 Land-based
ICCTF and USAID have supported non- Mitigation projects and 14 Adaptation
governmental entities, including private and Resilience projects which were
sector organizations and civil society managed by 32 organizations as
organizations, in the activities that help ICCTF’s proponents from 2016-2019
achieve Indonesia’s objectives related (see table 1).

Table 1. ICCTF-USAID projects in 3 batches.

Land-based Mitigation Adaptation & Resilience

Batch Proponents
projects projects

1
(2016-2017)
8 7

32
2
(2017-2018)
12 4

3
(2018-2019)
5 3

6 USAID SUPPORT FOR INDONESIA CLIMATE CHANGE TRUST FUND (ICCTF)

Land-based Mitigation and Adaptation & Resilience Actions
 L AND -BA SED MITIGATION

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Land-based Mitigation and Adaptation & Resilience Actions 7
 PILOT PROJECTS

ICCTF has managed 25 pilot projects on the land-based community gardens, re-wetting the peatlands, the social
mitigation sector to support reducing greenhouse gas forestry system, restoration of the protected forests, and
emissions and increasing carbon stocks. These projects are introduction on the organic agriculture and village forest.
carried out in 17 provinces throughout Indonesia. As the Projects on the second batch have covered 11 provinces
implementation phase is divided into three batches, each including West Java, Central Java, East Java, Bangka
batch has covered different projects in various provinces and Belitung, Riau, East Kalimantan, West Kalimantan,
are succeed in producing numerous outputs. Maluku, Nangroe Aceh Darussalam, Banten, and South
Sumatera.
In the first batch, there are 8 projects focusing on the
mitigation activities in the degraded peatlands, critical The third batch has covered 5 projects focusing on
watershed areas, degraded forests, customary forests, the mitigation activities in the peatlands as well as
national park buffer zones, waste treatment of the large several areas that have been scaled up from the Batch
livestock, and revegetation of karst areas. These projects 1 projects. These projects have been implemented in 5
are covering 8 provinces in Indonesia including Nangroe provinces including West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan,
Aceh Darussalam, Central Kalimantan, Daerah Istimewa Central Java, West Nusa Tenggara, and Maluku.
Yogyakarta, Central Java, South Kalimantan, Jambi, West
Sumatera, and Nusa Tenggara Barat. All projects in the three batches are implemented by
The second batch has 12 projects focusing on the mitigation ICCTF’s implementing partners named as proponents
activities in the community forest, agrarian reform in the which consisted of 15 Non-Governmental Organizations
critical production forests, national parks, revitalization of (NGOs), 1 research institute, and 5 universities.

NGOs RESEARCH INSTITUTE

1. Yayasan Orang Utan Indonesia (Yayorin) Indonesian Rubber Research Institute

2. Perkumpulan Sesami (Sesami) (Pusat Penelitian Karet)
3. Yayasan Javlec Indonesia (Javlec)
4. Wahana Pelestarian dan Advokasi Hutan
Sumatera (Walestra)
5. Yayasan Pengembangan Akhlaq Mulia (YPAM)
6. Lembaga Olah Hidup (LOH) UNIVERSITIES
7. Community Forest Ecosystem Service (CFES)
8. Forest Watch Indonesia (FWI)
9. Yayasan Terumbu Karang Indonesia (Terangi) 1. Yayasan Teungku Chik Pante Kulu, STIK Aceh
10. Yayasan Taman Nasional Tesso Nilo 2. Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry,
11. Yayasan Penyu Berau Muhammadiyah University of Palangkaraya
12. Yayasan Palung (UMP)
13. Yayasan Tiara Pusaka (YTP) 3. Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University
14. Yayasan Leuser Internasional (YLI) (Fhut UGM)
15. Indonesian Forestry and Governance Institute 4. Jember University (UNEJ)
(IFGI) 5. University of Tanjungpura (UNTAN)

8 USAID SUPPORT FOR INDONESIA CLIMATE CHANGE TRUST FUND (ICCTF)

Land-based Mitigation and Adaptation & Resilience Actions
GOALS

The goals of 25 projects in the land based mitigation sector have included slowing,
halting, and reversing GHG from land use that also covers the forest and agricultural
ecosystems. Detailed goals that relates to each project are shown in the table below:

Table 2. Projects’ goals based on each proponent.

Slowing and Decreasing Potential Increasing

No Proponents
Halting GHGs GHGs Emission Savings Resilience

BATCH 1

1 STIK Aceh Yes

2 Javlec Yes Yes

3 Yayorin Yes Yes Yes Yes

4 Walestra Yes Yes Yes

5 Sesami Yes Yes Yes Yes

6 YPAM Yes Yes

7 LOH Yes Yes

8 UMP Yes Yes Yes

BATCH 2

9 IFGI Yes Yes

10 UNEJ Yes Yes Yes

11 Yayasan Penyu Berau Yes Yes

12 Yayasan Palung Yes Yes Yes Yes

13 YTP Yes Yes Yes

Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah

14 Yes Yes Yes
Mada University (UGM)

15 YLI Yes Yes

Yayasan Taman Nasional Tesso

16 Yes Yes Yes
Nilo

17 Consortium CFES Yes Yes

18 Consortium FWI Yes Yes

Indonesian Rubber Research

19 Yes Yes Yes
Institute

20 Yayasan Terangi Yes Yes

BATCH 3

21 LOH Yes Yes Yes

22 Sesami Yes Yes Yes

23 UNTAN Yes Yes Yes

24 Yayorin Yes Yes Yes Yes

25 YTP Yes Yes Yes

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Land-based Mitigation and Adaptation & Resilience Actions 9
 OUTPUTS

Several outputs are produced from the 25 projects on the • The amount of carbon stock increases.
land based mitigation sector for the climate change. These • The amount of GHGs emission decrease.
outputs are including the results of rehabilitation activities • Community groups focusing on the forest fires
on various areas such as in the rehabilitation lands as well are established to manage the forest fires as well
as the management of the lands, in the human resource as increasing the people awareness.
capabilities, the GHGs and carbon stocks, and the relation • Community groups are conducting forest fires
between stakeholders including the local communities. Some patrols in several areas.
highlighted outputs from the land based mitigation sector are: • Some monitoring towers are built to manage the
• Degraded lands, forests, and peatlands are now forest fires.
having new plants in the form of wood plants and multi • Local communities have developed and utilized
purposes trees. the non-timber forest products as their monthly
• Several nursery centers are built to manage the incomes.
rehabilitated lands. • The natural ecosystems are restored and the wild
• In some areas, the communities are managing the local life are protected in some areas.
annual plants. • Land and water productivities for agriculture are
• Various management plans are developed, approved, increased.
and implemented by the stakeholders in several areas. • Aquaculture technology is applied.
• Some communities have succeed in developing a • Clean water supply for household.
cooperation agreement between stakeholders. • In some areas, families income are improved from
• There is an increase in human resource capabilities. IDR 1,000,000-7.500.000 per family per month.

IMPACTS

The projects’ impacts on the environment, social, and • An annual cultural festival for Sawang Tribe called
economy are significant. The impacts have been shown in the Festival Titik Temu is developed and managed in
projects’ areas, management and governance of the project, the area.
cultural sectors, and additional incomes for the community, • The area becomes one of the Geosite locations in
and even in the influence of the project to the investors. Indonesia.
One of the highlighted impacts is portrayed in the project of • The community of Juru Seberang as the local
ICCTF-Yayasan Terangi in Belitung. This project has a goal to community who manage the Belitung Mangrove
rehabilitate mangrove in the ex-illegal tin mines located in the Park has a huge monthly income which is IDR 2
protected forest into a mangrove tourism park called Belitung million/person.
Mangrove Park. After the project implemented, several • A fruit garden is develop to support Belitung
impacts are shown in the area such as: Mangrove Park and as the location for
• The PB and sand mining activities have stopped environmental education for children.
completely. • More institutions are interested in supporting
• The tourism sector is growing rapidly with 73,000 visits Belitung Mangrove Park through some investments.
in 2018

10 USAID SUPPORT FOR INDONESIA CLIMATE CHANGE TRUST FUND (ICCTF)

Land-based Mitigation and Adaptation & Resilience Actions
 ADAPTATION & RESILIENCE

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Land-based Mitigation and Adaptation & Resilience Actions 11
 PILOT PROJECTS

In the adaptation and resilience sectors, ICCTF has managed The second batch has 4 projects focusing on the
14 pilot projects to support the adaptation activities and adaptation and resilience activities in the food security,
develop the community’s resilience on the climate change. field school for climate change, rain water harvesting,
These projects are developed and managed in 9 provinces saving and the bio-slurry technology, and coastal
throughout Indonesia. Similar with the land based mitigation community resilience. Projects on the second batch have
sector, the adaptation and resilience sector’s implementation covered 4 provinces that are Nusa Tenggara Timur, Nusa
phase is also divided into three batches in which each batch Tenggara Barat, Maluku, and South Sulawesi.
has covered different projects in various provinces and are
succeed in producing numerous outputs. The third batch has covered 3 projects focusing on the
technology development on the agriculture and marine
In the first batch, there are 7 projects focusing on the sectors to adapt and build resilience of local people to the
adaptation and resilience activities in the agricultural, marine, climate change. These projects have been implemented
and water sectors, also to mainstreaming the climate change in 3 provinces including East Nusa Tenggara, North
issue into the Regional Medium Term Development Plan Sulawesi, and Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.
(RPJMD). These projects are covering 7 provinces which
includes Central Java, West Java, East Java, Nusa Tenggara All projects in the three batches are implemented by
Timur, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Gorontalo, and Daerah ICCTF’s implementing partners named as proponents
Istimewa Yogyakarta. which consisted of 8 Non-Governmental Organizations
(NGOs) and 4 universities.

NGOs UNIVERSITIES

1. Yayasan Lingkungan Hidup Seloliman (YLHS) 1. Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah

2. Yayasan Transformasi Kebijakan Publik Mada University (FTP-UGM)
Indonesia (YTKPI) 2. Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences,
3. YAKKUM Emergency Unit (YEU) Bogor Agricultural University (Geomet IPB)
4. Perkumpulan CIS Timor 3. Centre for Climate Change, Bandung Institute
5. Yayasan Baileo Maluku of Technology (PPI ITB)
6. Yayasan Farmers’ Initiative for Ecological 4. Anthropology Study Centre (PUSKA), Faculty
Livelihoods and Democracy (FIELDS) of Social and Political Science, University of
7. Yayasan Rumah Energi (YRE) Indonesia (UI)
8. Yayasan Terumbu Karang Indonesia (Terangi)

GOALS

The goals of 14 projects in the adaptation and resilience sector have included increasing the
resilience of people, place, and livelihoods to climate change, which also covers the new or existing
vulnerability assessments. Detailed goals that relates to each project are shown in the table below:

12 USAID SUPPORT FOR INDONESIA CLIMATE CHANGE TRUST FUND (ICCTF)

Land-based Mitigation and Adaptation & Resilience Actions
Table 3. Projects’ goals based on each proponent

No Proponents People Place Livelihoods

BATCH 1

1 FTP UGM Yes

2 YLHS Yes Yes

3 UI Yes

4 Geomet IPB Yes Yes

5 PPI ITB Yes

6 YEU Yes Yes

7 Transformasi Yes Yes

BATCH 2

8 YRE Yes

9 FIELD Yes

10 BAILEO Yes

11 CIS TIMOR Yes

BATCH 3

12 FTP UGM Yes

13 Terangi Yes Yes Yes

14 YEU Yes

OUTPUTS

Several outputs are produced from the 14 projects on the • Clean water infrastructures are developed in
adaptation and resilience sector for the climate change. various provinces.
These outputs are including the results of adaptation and • Various demonstration plots for the fish
resilience development activities on various areas such cultivation and other non-timber forest products
as in coping with the water scarcity, developing the food are built and developed by the local communities.
security, management of the project, in the human resource • Several Biopory units and infiltration well units are
capabilities, and the relation between the stakeholders built for the local people.
including local communities. Some highlighted outputs • Development of the field school on the climate
from the adaptation and resilience sector are: change adaptation.
• Several on-farm demonstration plots are developed in • The local communities are well-trained on the
various areas. development and implementation of bio-slurry
• Improvement on the eco-tourism management for the technology.
local communities. • The technology of System of Rice Intensification
• Development of the hydroponic system which is (SRI) is implemented by the farmer groups.
implemented by the local people.

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Land-based Mitigation and Adaptation & Resilience Actions 13
 IMPACTS

Impacts of the projects on the environment, social, and • The productivity of the clean water sources
economy are significant. The impacts have been shown in have increased.
several sectors such as projects’ areas, management and • Production cost on the agricultural sector is
governance of the project, cultural sectors, and additional decreasing.
incomes for the community, and even in the influence of • Less risk of failure on the crop and fish
the project to other areas. Some highlighted impacts have cultivation.
includes: • Land productivity has increased which helps
• The business sector changes along with the increase of with the economic condition of local people.
public and local government knowledge on the climate • New innovations of the adaptation to the climate
change adaptation activities and technologies. change activities through group agreement and
• Increasing community resilience in the agriculture sector regional/national development plans.
to the climate change.

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BEST PRACTICES &
LESSON LEARNED

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Land-based Mitigation and Adaptation & Resilience Actions 15
 The ICCTF-USAID projects has
been assessed by an independent A. Growing Local Economies
consultant called PT. Hegar Daya to
know the impacts, best practices, Belitung Mangrove Park: transforming an ex-mining
and lesson learned of each area into a Mangrove Tourism Park for Ecosystem
projects. The assessment has Rehabilitation and Carbon Sequestration
been done in the grassroots level
by doing a field research to the Belitung Island in Bangka Belitung sustainability system was provided to
projects’ locations and interviewing province is one of the biggest tin manage the mangrove forest and the
mineral-producers in Indonesia, even in local people were more interested in
all related stakeholders, as well as
the world. Unfortunately, as the mining joining the tin mining activities rather
analyzing all reports submitted by
activities increase the wealth of people, than managing the community forest
the proponents to ICCTF and the the tin mining areas in Belitung are (HKM). As the results, the mangrove
reports published by ICCTF. attracting illegal miners, some of them forest was neglected and the number of
are local people. The mining activities abandoned land has increased.
The assessment report shows that are even supported by the Local
Government Regulation No.6 of 2001 ICCTF in collaboration with Yayasan
87.4% of ICCTF-USAID projects
about general mining which allowed Terangi, and funded by USAID,
are categorized Very Good for the
local people to exploit the tin as long as intervened the issue by implementing
impacts based on the assessment they are fit in the specifications of the “Belitung Mangrove Park Project”,
on the environment, economy, regulation. As such, both the tin-mining to transform ex-mining area into
and social sectors. The social locations as well as the abandoned a Mangrove Tourism Park for
sector has been dominant in the mining areas in Belitung can be easily Ecosystem Rehabilitation and Carbon
impact assessment which then seen across the island. Sequestration. Some significant
impacts are currently can be seen from
are followed by the economic and
Situated in the coastal area of Belitung the project intervention, particularly
environmental sectors. The ICCTF-
Island, Juru Seberang village is one of for local economic and livelihood
USAID projects are mentioned to the onshore tin mining locations which condition. For instance, there are
have supported and strengthened has a large abandoned mining area. reduction of abandoned mine land in
the local institutions, improved the Although some of these areas have the area as the local communities have
local communities’ awareness and been developed into a community become more active in reforestation
forest (HKM) planted with mangrove and maintaining the Community
lifestyles to be based on the climate
to rehabilitate the coastal area, there Forest. Under the project, people are
change adaptation and mitigation
was a problem in the post-rehabilitation actively participating in the mitigation
activities, and improved the and management of mangrove. No programs for the community forest
capacity of the local communities.
The projects have also impacts on
improving the economic condition
of local communities and in
supporting the efforts to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions.

This chapter provides selected

best practices and lessons learned
of USAID projects, which are
categorized into three sections:
economic growth, technology
and innovation, and stimulating
local government initiative. Every
section presents one project that is
selected from all USAID projects.

16 USAID SUPPORT FOR INDONESIA CLIMATE CHANGE TRUST FUND (ICCTF)

Land-based Mitigation and Adaptation & Resilience Actions
such as plantation of 6,000 mangroves, developed several consultation and Experiences with Project
4,500 nipah, and 4,500 ketapang; coordination sessions with local Implementation. Both HKM Juru
construction of forest watch tower; and people, represented by the head of Seberang and Yayasan Terangi have
development of solar panel tools and HKM Juru Seberang, as well as with extensive experiences in engaging local
system. Other than that, they are also the regent of Belitung. communities in the mangrove forest
developing the Community Mangrove protection and management, also in
forest into an eco-tourism destination Due to Belitung specificities, project’s drawing other institutions to participate
called Belitung Mangrove Park. preference was given to activities that in the project. After the kick-off project
value the economic growth of local meeting, some local communities are
Belitung Mangrove Park has delivered people, but also are responsible to keen to join the project, such as HKM
a huge profit for the local people the mangrove forest and ecosystem. Tanjung Rasa village, GAPABEL, and
around the Belitung Mangrove Park. Developing the mangrove forest as the Keciput village. Other than that, several
The data shows that from the entrance eco-tourism destination was seen as institutions are also participating in the
ticket they have received a total of the well-suited project for Belitung that project to support the construction
IDR 50-65 million per month and also might gain the interest of local people of Belitung Mangrove Park’s
IDR 20 million at the end of 2018 from to actively participate in developing and infrastructures, including Ministry
their cooperative (koperasi). Some sustaining the mangrove forest. of Public Works and Housing, Local
local people who produce souvenirs Government Agency (Dinas) for Public
and sell local foods are also receiving One of key factor for project Works and Housing, The Watershed
economic benefits from the visitors of sustainability is to gain support Management Center (BPDAS), Local
Belitung Mangrove Park. In that regard, from communities, as well as local Government Agency (Dinas) for
the project has indeed growing the government. On the early period of the Environmental Affairs, and private
economy of local people while also project, an institutional arrangement sector, represented by PT.Timah. The
rehabilitating the mangrove forest and was set up through a Memorandum of budget allocation of the infrastructures
increasing carbon sequestration. Understanding (MoU) between Yayasan construction from those institutes as
Terangi and HKM Juru Seberang. As project leverage is reaching a total of
Project Preparation and Implementation HKM Juru Seberang is already a well- IDR 19.9 billion. Another point to add
Strategy. Stakeholder consultation established community who manages is since Belitung Mangrove Park has
was an integral part of the project the forest, it is clearly stated in the MoU generated large amounts of money
preparation and implementation that they are responsible to prepare, from the entrance fees, it has also
strategy. Yayasan Terangi, as the implement, and monitor the project contributed in the infrastructures
proponent of ICCTF in this project, together with Yayasan Terangi. construction.

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Land-based Mitigation and Adaptation & Resilience Actions 17
 B. Initiating A New Technology & Innovation

Climate Projection and Adaptation Strategy of System of Rice

Intensification (SRI) Cultivation against Climate Change by the Integrated
Climate-Crop-Soil-Water Model Approach in Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT)

Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT, or East Baumata village, as one of the villages Climate Change by the Integrated
Nusa Tenggara) is one of the provinces that has a water spring spot in NTT, Climate-Crop-Soil-Water Model
in the eastern Indonesia with most of has been experiencing the problem of Approach in Nusa Tenggara Timur
the households are primarily employed crop failure due to the climate change (NTT)” project. It is a farming system
in the agriculture sector. As their impacts. It is reported that from 2013- that needs less water input, less seeds,
livelihoods are dependent on the 2015, the village struggled with drought less production cost, less production
agriculture sector, the uncertainty of the and resulted in 34.5 ha crop fails out of time and has low emissions, but is able
temperature and rainfall patterns that 146 ha in 2015 due to the uncertainty to increase land productivity by using
caused by the climate change might of the temperature and rainfall patterns the real-time field monitoring system
give a huge impact in the cultivation that caused by the climate change. that is integrating the climate-crop-
pattern and land productivity. A pre- Although there is a natural water spring soil-water model. There are 5 sensors
study of the project by Department in the village, it has not able to meet installed in the field to monitor including
of Agriculture and Biosystems the water needs of farmers during the solar radiation, rain gauge, anemometer
Engineering, Gadjah Mada University unpredictable season in the village humidity and air temperature, and soil
(FTP UGM) in 2018 mentioned that of which 95% of people in the village moisture sensors. Every 30 minutes,
during the constant heat and low are farmers. Therefore, securing water the Field Router will collect and send
rainfall season, the farmers in NTT have resource for the farming is essential in the data and images to the server
to change their crops from paddy rice addressing the problem and a water which can be accessed by the farmers
into other crops such as corn and nuts saving technology is needed to adapt through a website.
to prevent crop failure. It is because a to the climate change.
limited source of water and uncertainty After a year of Smart Farming
in the weather could lowering the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) with implementation in Baumata village, the
quality of paddy rice and increasing the the field monitoring system or known crop production has increased as much
production cost for the water irrigation as Smart Farming was introduced as 3 ton/ha which is from 5-6 ton/ha
and chemical fertilizer. These people, to the farmers in Baumata village to 8-9 ton/ha in one cultivation period.
thus, are facing a potential problem of through the “Climate Projection and Tarus village, a village next to Baumata
losing income from the crop production Adaptation Strategy of System of Rice village, has also implemented the SRI
failures due to the climate change. Intensification (SRI) Cultivation against and field monitoring system which is
resulted in an increase of their paddy
production about 5.6 ton/ha in the
average in one cultivation period.

The success of Smart Farming system

in increasing the crop production
in NTT has been spread widely and
replicated in other areas in Indonesia,
such as in:
1. Situbondo regency, East Java
2. Malang city, East Java
3. Karanganyar regency, Central Java
4. Sleman regency, DI Yogyakarta
5. Gunungkidul regency, DI Yogyakarta
6. Sukabumi regency, West Java
7. Dompu regency, Nusa Tenggara
Barat (NTB, or West Nusa Tenggara)
8. Siak regency, Riau

18 USAID SUPPORT FOR INDONESIA CLIMATE CHANGE TRUST FUND (ICCTF)

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9. West Pasaman regency, West On the early period of the program, all stakeholders and has been
Sumatra several meetings were organized successfully solving the problem. This
10.Dairi regency, North Sumatra with the stakeholders to introduce is also added by the fact that other
and discuss the project. As the regions in Indonesia are replicating the
Project Preparation and field monitoring system is relatively smart farming system to their lands.
Implementation Strategy. The project new in Indonesia, formal and
counted on good stakeholders’ informal sessions to introduce Another highlighted experience is
participation throughout the process and disseminate the information to convince farmers to shift their
and also cooperative working relations about the system are needed to conventional farming system to the
among the different stakeholders, implement the project. In addition smart farming system. An on-farm
including ICCTF, the Department of to that, selecting and approaching demonstration plot with the smart
Agriculture and Biosystem Engineering, the potential on-farm demonstration farming system was built next to a
Gadjah Mada University (FTP UGM), plot locations are also essential for farm with the conventional farming
The Artha Wacana Christian University the sustainability of the project. system to show the excellence
(UKAW), Local Government Agency of smart farming system. At the
(Dinas) for Public Works and Public Experiences with Project beginning, a lot of farmers were
Housing, Local Government Agency Implementation. Since relevant skeptic with the results of the smart
(Dinas) for Agriculture, Center for River stakeholders have been actively farming system. They, however,
Basin Organization, Development involved in the process from the changed their opinions after the on-
Planning Agency at Sub-National initial stages of the project, the farm demonstration plot gave a better
Level, and farmer groups in NTT. implementation of the project is result than the conventional system
considered to have greatly engaged farm.

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 C. Stimulating Local Government Initiative

Conservation of Nipa Palm Ecosystem and Buffer Zone

Forest on Eastern Lamandau River Wildlife Sanctuary
as the Allocation Area for Community Forest (HKm)

The local people in Tanjung Putri slash and burn have indeed caused organized to support the local people
village, which is a village in the West environmental and social problems, in implementing the non-slash-and-
Kotawaringin regency, have been particularly for the local people. burn method and provide them with
doing the practice of slash and burn There was a huge forest fire in 2015 economic opportunities in other
for decades to clear the land for which adds to decades of existing sectors, such as fish farming and
planting the paddy and horticulture deforestation by palm oil, timber, Nipah-based production. Some on-
crops. However, started in 2012 there and other agribusiness operators in farm demonstration plots have also
was a wind of change as some of Kalimantan, and also a problem with been arranged for cultivating paddy
the people became more interested clean water resource as the peat and horticulture crops in Tanjung Putri
in the palm oil plantation rather than and Nipah forest in the village have village by using the non-slash-and-
only producing paddy and horticulture changed into palm oil plantations. Due burn practice.
crops. This change was mainly to these conditions, the villagers are
caused by two main reasons. First, the having a problem with health issues Subsequently, the project has shown
uncertainty of temperature and rainfall and also struggling to find clean water several good results as the 8 ha on-
patterns due to the climate change resources which then push them to farm demonstration plot has become a
that lead to crop failure and lower purchase clean water from another city. protected area for the slash-and-burn
quality as well as quantity of the crops, With the aim to help people facing practices and also has an increasing
and second, the opening of private those problems, ICCTF and Yayorin number of the paddy productivity from
palm oil plantation in the village. As have introduced and developed the 2 ton/ha/year onto 5-6 ton/ha/year. In
the result, some people started to non-slash-and-burn practice to local addition to that, there are new sources
open the lands in the village area and people in Tanjung Putri village through of income for local people who used
shifting their paddy and horticulture a project of “Conservation of Nipah to depend only on the agricultural
fields into the palm oil plantation to Palm Ecosystem and Buffer Zone cultivation through the fish farming
earn more income, while some are still Forest on Eastern Lamandau River (approx. IDR 2-3 million per 3 months)
practicing the slash and burn method Wildlife Sanctuary as the Allocation and the production of Nipah-based
for paddy and horticulture cultivation. Area for Community Forest (HKm)”. products (approx. IDR 300,000 per
Several trainings, capacity building month).
Increase number of the palm oil workshops, and promotions were
plantation along with the practice of

20 USAID SUPPORT FOR INDONESIA CLIMATE CHANGE TRUST FUND (ICCTF)

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The success of this project has Project Preparation and Experiences with Project
attracted the local government to Implementation Strategy. The Implementation. In engaging the local
replicate the project on other areas project’s preparation process government, some formal and informal
in the regency. They have started to undertook a thorough consultation meetings were organized to present
replicate and expand the 8 ha on-farm with the local people of the the success story of the project. At
demonstration plot onto 2,000 Ha area project’s location. By understanding first, ICCTF and Yayorin met with
of the non-slash-and-burn practice the location‘s condition and finding the Development Planning Agency
in the West Kotawaringin regency. the right approach to implement at Sub-National Level which then
The local government has further the non-slash-and-burn method, was followed by approaching other
integrated the non-slash-and-burn the project succeed in taking the local agencies in West Kotawaringin
system into their regional policy and local people’s interest to participate regency. Subsequently, they were
forbid the practice of forest clearance in the project. Furthermore, there invited to the on-farm demonstration
by burning the forest in regency. was also some capacity buildings plot to show both the results of the
As such, the project has indeed and workshops to empower the on-farm demonstration plot and local
stimulating the local government participants before implementing industries. These approaches were
to support the non-slash-and-burn the non-slash-and-burn method enforced to drive the local government
method while also make a strong and developing local industries to in integrating the non-slash-and-burn
collaboration with the local people maintain the project’s sustainability. method into the local regulation.
and other stakeholders in the area.

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Land-based Mitigation and Adaptation & Resilience Actions 21
 PROJECTS’ LEVERAGE

which is “Organizational capacity Agricultural Technology, Food and

building for local government to Agricultural Product Technology
support the integration of climate of Gadjah Mada University as the
change and greenhouse gases proponent. The first project is reported
adaptation and mitigation into the to have attracted IDR 19,905,000,000
Regional Development Plans”. ICCTF- funds from multiple stakeholders
USAID has invested a total of IDR with only IDR 2,000,000,000 as the
After the projects implementation, it 1 billion for the project, which then initial budget from ICCTF-USAID,
has been identified that the projects motivated the local government of while the later project has received
are able to provide enormous leverage Gorontalo to put in more funds into the IDR 12,000,000,000 funds from
for both the projects and the people project. It has been recorded that there multiple stakeholders with only IDR
in the projects’ location. The initial 39 are IDR 113,000,000,000 funds from 1,000,000,000 funds from ICCTF-
projects have generated a total of IDR Regional Revenue and Expenditure USAID.
168,177,875,000 funds from various Budget (APBD) of Gorontalo in 2017-
stakeholders who are interested in 2018 allocated for the climate change Another project that is interested
participating the projects, as well adaptation activities in the Regional to highlight is the project of “Using
as other supports such as trainings, Medium-Term Development Plan Biogas to Provide Households
workshops, providing advocacy (RPJMD) of Gorontalo. with Energy and to Support the
services, and extension agents. These Environmental Conservation
supports, indeed, are also valuable The next projects which has high Movement” with Perkumpulan Sesami
for the local people to adapt to the leverages are the project of “Belitung as the proponent. This project has
climate change and to be resilient. Mangrove Park: Re-constructing the presented multiple values to cope
As the climate change impacts have Abandoned Mine Land as a Mangrove with the problems of environment,
been contributed to the environmental Park for the Ecosystem Rehabilitation social, and economic through the
and social problems, local people and Carbon Sequestration” with implementation of bio-slurry and bio-
from the most of the programs Yayasan Terumbu Karang Indonesia gas methods in the household level. In
have been happily collaborated and (Terangi) as the proponent and “Climate the end, this project has resulted in the
participated in the projects. Projection and Adaptation Strategy energy independence at the household
of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) level; ability to produce organic
The highest leverage comes from Cultivation against Regional Climate fertilizer for agriculture use and also to
the project in Gorontalo with Center Change by integrated climate-crop- support the rehabilitation of ex-mining
for Public Policy Transformation soil-water model approach in East land; and increasing people awareness
(Transformasi) as ICCTF’s proponent, Nusa Tenggara” with Faculty of in preserving the nature.

22 USAID SUPPORT FOR INDONESIA CLIMATE CHANGE TRUST FUND (ICCTF)

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 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW
BUDGET EXPENDITURE
PROGRAM
PROPOSED 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 TOTAL

Component
42,165,000,000 - 5,551,900,764 15,863,654,033 17,578,910,486 3,170,534,718 42,165,000,000
1

Component
14,055,000,000 - 3,444,474,635 4,588,166,526 3,527,957,283 2,494,401,555 14,055,000,000
2

Component
7,109,820,548 115,151,021 1,099,987,458 1,959,081,564 2,065,798,084 1,869,802,421 7,109,820,548
3

Component
6,945,179,452 173,162,400 3,695,251,798 2,400,818,483 675,946,771 - 6,945,179,452
4

TOTAL 70,275,000,000 288,313,421 13,791,614,655 24,811,720,606 23,848,612,624 7,534,738,693 70,275,000,000

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24 USAID SUPPORT FOR INDONESIA CLIMATE CHANGE TRUST FUND (ICCTF)
Land-based Mitigation and Adaptation & Resilience Actions
USAID SUPPORT FOR INDONESIA CLIMATE CHANGE TRUST FUND (ICCTF)
Land-based Mitigation and Adaptation & Resilience Actions 25
 Secretariat ICCTF
Lippo Kuningan, 15th floor, Jl. H.R. Rasuna Said Kav. B-12,
Jakarta 12940, Indonesia
P +62 (21) 8067 9314 | F +62 (21) 8067 9315
E [email protected] | W www.icctf.or.id

26 USAID SUPPORT FOR INDONESIA CLIMATE CHANGE TRUST FUND (ICCTF)

Land-based Mitigation and Adaptation & Resilience Actions