0% found this document useful (0 votes)
24 views36 pages

Module 3

Uploaded by

Aditya Siddanthi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
24 views36 pages

Module 3

Uploaded by

Aditya Siddanthi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 36

MODULE-3

1
CONTENTS
➤ Public Transportation Applications

➤ ITS and regional strategic transportation planning

➤ Regional Architecture

2
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS
➤ The public transportation system is the lifeline of any sustainable city

➤ A well-organised and integrated public transport system is essential for any city

➤ However, developing a well-organised, integrated, efficient public transport system requires


huge capital investment.

➤ The heavy capital cost, coupled with an expensive operation and maintenance cost of public
transportation systems, makes it challenging for public transport operators to remain
financially viable.

➤ A reasonable level of ridership of public transport is fundamental to financial sustainability of


a public transport system.

3
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS
➤ Hence, the public transport system shall be attractive to the users and efficient in operation
and maintenance.

➤ The adoption of ITS tools to manage public transport can be very useful in meeting these
objectives

➤ Some of the general issues involved with public transport services where ITS can help are:

➤ Not adhering to speed limits

➤ Not following bus lanes and not standing at bus stop bays

➤ Not completing the trips

➤ Not following the route and timetables


4
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS
➤ Overcrowding

➤ Coin change problem


➤ The above issues are related to bus and at the driver level.
➤ However, at the management level, the calculation of the performance index of public
transport systems, such as vehicle utilisation, fuel consumption per vehicle per kilometre,
etc., can also be determined using various other tools.

5
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS
➤ Some ITS tools which can be used to make public transport attractive and operationally
efficient are:

➤ Use of GPS systems

➤ Automatic Passenger counter

➤ Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) and Automatic Vehicle Indentification (AVI) systems

➤ Traffic Signal Priority

➤ Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

➤ Real-Time Passenger Information (RTPI)

6
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS
➤ Fare Collection

➤ Lane Control Technologies

➤ Surveillance/CCTV/Security Systems

7
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS
➤ Use of GPS systems
➤ This can be used for tracking and monitoring of public transport vehicles.

➤ This system provides a real-time data on tracking individual vehicles

➤ Through this technique, the movement of each bus, details of trip length, trip time, time
spent at each bus stop, change in route, complete movement of bus on a route for every
minute, crisis circumstances, log of total trips etc are recorded

➤ This strategy additionally helps in creating passenger information systems at every bus stop.

➤ Through the control room, one can watch, coordinate and speak with every bus of this
system.

8
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS
➤ Use of GPS systems
➤ In this system, every bus equipped with a GPS and all these buses are connected with a
server in the control room.

➤ The main server records the movement of all buses. According to the assessment from
continued monitoring of buses, the control room can take fundamental activities in case of
any deviation.

➤ Further, the control room can transmit the message to the checking staff in the field to make
fundamental decisions at the spot against those buses which violate the traffic rules such as
speed limits etc..

9
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS
➤ Use of GPS systems

➤ In the event of this, passenger information system provided at bus stops, expected arrival of
bus at that specific bus stop will be communicated

➤ This helps improve the reliability of public transport system and the trust of people on the
system

10
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS
➤ Automatic Passenger Counting (APC)

➤ It is that technology which is used to record the number if travellers using the public
transport with time and the location of every stop as passengers get on and off the bus

➤ The infrared bars at the doors or weight delicate mats on the steps can be used as APC,
which correctly records the time, region and the number of travellers as they enter or leave
the vehicle.

➤ With the information provided by the APCs, the public transport operator can improve the
plans that better serve the transportation needs of the commuters

11
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS
➤ Automatic Vehicle Locator (AVL) and Automatic Vehicle Identifier (AVI)

➤ AVL is a technology that is used to track the location of transit vehicles in real-time through
the use of GPS devices

➤ AVI is an identification technique used for moving vehicles. This is accomplished with the
help of RFID as the object passes an RFID reader

➤ The benefits of this method, which can be used in Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) vehicles are:

➤ The system improves the control to ensure efficient operations

➤ The system can be calibrated to distribute service times and covers the signal priority and
control centre

12
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS
➤ The benefits of this method, which can be used in Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) vehicles are:

➤ This technology also improves bus safety in an emergency situation by showing the
vehicle location

➤ This also improves the quality of service by notifying the location of the next bus and
expected arrival time

➤ This improves the integration of the system by providing better bus scheduling and
knowing the location of each vehicle

➤ It also reduces the need of voice communications

13
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS
➤ Traffic Signal Priority

➤ This is a technique that accords priority to public transport at signalised intersections by


keeping a traffic green light or turning it green earlier to facilitate the movement of vehicle
without stopping at the intersection

➤ Conventionally, signal priority was only implemented for emergency vehicles. But now it is
being used for public transport as a measure to encourage people to use public transport

➤ The system is combined with AVL technology which allows the system to provide priority
only when needed i.e when a public transport vehicle is running behind schedule.

14
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS
➤ Traffic Signal Priority

➤ The signal priority system keeps transit vehicles on schedule and improves the on-time
performance

➤ As a result, the reliability of public transport improves and fewer vehicles are necessary for a
route which results into a large saving for a transit agency

15
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS
➤ Geographic Information System (GIS)

➤ A GIS is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyse, manage and present
spatial or geographic data.

➤ It is widely used in transportation planning agencies, especially among metropolitan


transportation organisations.

➤ GIS technology facilitates the public transport operator to assemble, store, examine and
show information by geographic location.

➤ With GIS programming, the analysis of data is possible which can be helpful in identifying the
areas of economic activities where demand for transportation is high.

16
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS
➤ Real-Time Passenger Information (RTPI)

➤ RTPI is a public information system that provides real-time passenger information regarding
public transport system

➤ RTPI may include both estimated travel and departure times, as well as information about
the nature and causes of disruptions.

➤ This technology provides information related to the status of transit service to the
passengers including the information needed before making a trip, during the trip and at the
termination of the trip on a real-time basis.

➤ The information may be communicated to the users physically within a transportation hub
and remotely using a web browser or a mobile phone

17
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS
➤ Fare Collection

➤ Fare collection is the way in which the travellers pay their fees, either on the bus or at the
station or ahead of time.

➤ A magnetic strip or an RFID-based electronic fare collection may be used to collect the fee.

➤ RFID-based smart cards are increasingly in use as an integrated fare maedia applicable across
all modes of public transport

18
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS
➤ Lane Control Technologies

➤ This technology is used for dedicating a lane for public transport for a short period of time.

➤ Intermittent bus lanes can also be called moving bus lane.

➤ This concept consists of using a general-purpose lane that can be changed to a bus-only lane
just for the duration of the time needed for the bus to pass.

➤ Later, the lane reverts to a general-purpose lane until another approaching bus needs the
lane for its movement.

➤ By this technology, speeds and reliability are improved and bus can move independently
from the general traffic.

19
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS
➤ Lane Control Technologies

➤ This technology does not require expensive capital cost because it uses the existing roadway
infrastructure.

➤ This allows the bus lanes to be used for general traffic majority of the time.
➤ It has low implementation cost and uses well-known, widely used and proven traffic signal
management strategies and products

20
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS
➤ Surveillance/CCTV/Security Systems

➤ Security systems in public transport include both surveillance CCTV and alarms, both of which
can be located on-board vehicles as well as off-board at stations or along the routes

➤ Surveillance devices primarily consist of CCTV camers, generally equipped with microphones.

➤ The CCTV network facilitates the control centre to remotely monitor vehicles, stations and
guideways.
➤ These systems give the advantage of quick responses in case of emergency for both the
public and the operator

21
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS
➤ Surveillance/CCTV/Security Systems

➤ Cameras and microphones can allow central control to continuously monitor and assess the
installed and off-board circumstances to decide suitable help by transit security, law
authorisation or different types of emergency responses.

22
ITS AND REGIONAL STRATEGIC TRANSPORTATION PLANNING

➤ ITS planning is to integrate ITS into the transportation planning process

➤ ITS Transportation planning helps in shaping a well balanced transportation system that can
meet future demands

➤ Transportation planning is an iterative process which include problem identi-fication,


solution generation, analysis, evaluation and implementation

➤ This can be integrated with ITS using computers, communication systems and software

➤ As planning is normally made for long period, installing ITS facilities needs to be updated and
one should ensure that the equipments and technologies are compatible for future
improvement and expansion

23
ITS AND REGIONAL STRATEGIC TRANSPORTATION PLANNING

➤ The steps involved in a traditional transportation planning process are:

➤ Establish goals and objectives

➤ Inventory existing conditions

➤ Analyze existing conditions

➤ Long range/ short range element


➤ Forecast land use, population/employment

➤ Forecast future travel/trips


➤ Develop and evaluate alternative transportation plans
➤ Prepare recommended plans and programs
24
ITS AND REGIONAL STRATEGIC TRANSPORTATION PLANNING

➤ The ITS transportation planning process differs from the traditional transportation planning
process

➤ ITS has the unique capability to integrate different modes of transportation such as public
auto, transit, and infra-structural elements through communications and control

➤ The multi-modal integration potential provides a great opportunity for planning across
modes

➤ The comparison between ITS approach and conventional approach for solving various
transportation problems are shown for few problems

25
ITS AND REGIONAL STRATEGIC TRANSPORTATION PLANNING

26
27
ITS ARCHITECTURE
➤ Development of a regional Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) architecture is one of the
most important steps in planning for and implementing ITS in a region

➤ ITS architectures provide a framework for implementing ITS projects, encouraging


interoperability and resource sharing among agencies, identifying applicable standards to
apply to projects, and allowing for cohesive long-range planning among regional
stakeholders.

28
ITS ARCHITECTURE

29
USING THE ITS ARCHITECTURE
➤ Planning processes are used to identify projects whose implementation will respond to
regional needs

➤ These projects are placed in programming documents such as a Transportation


Improvement Program (TIP) in order to secure funding for the projects

➤ Once funded, the projects are implemented

➤ The regional ITS architecture supports all three of these major steps — planning,
programming, and implementation.

30
USING THE ITS ARCHITECTURE

31
USING THE ITS ARCHITECTURE FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING

➤ The regional ITS architecture is a tool that can be used to support planning for ITS within the
context of existing transportation planning processes

➤ Local stakeholders must decide how best to incorporate the regional ITS architecture and
the products produced during its development into their transportation planning process.

➤ The goal of the planning process is to make quality, informed decisions pertaining to the
investment of public funds for regional transportation systems and services

➤ Using the regional ITS architecture to support these planning activities is an important step
in the mainstreaming of ITS into the traditional decision-making of planners and other
transportation professionals

32
USING THE ITS ARCHITECTURE FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
➤ Once an architecture is complete, it can feed detailed ITS-specific information back into the
planning process.

33
USING THE ITS ARCHITECTURE FOR TRANSPORTATION
PLANNING

34
USING THE ITS ARCHITECTURE FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING

➤ The process is driven by a regional vision and set of goals

➤ These drive transportation improvement strategies that are a mix of capital improvements
and operational improvements

➤ The planning organizations evaluate and prioritize the various strategies, and the resulting
output is a document called the Long Range Transportation Plan (or sometimes
Transportation Plan or Regional Transportation Plan)

➤ The Long Range Transportation Plan feeds the Programming function which produces the
Transportation Improvement Program

➤ Once a project is programmed then project development is started

35
USING THE ITS ARCHITECTURE FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING

➤ A regional ITS architecture may support each step in this process

➤ In addition to the long range planning document there may be planning documents created
that are ITS specific, such as an ITS Strategic Plan

36

You might also like