TERM 1 EXAMINATION

2024-25
ANSWER KEY
Grade: 10 Total Marks: 80
Subject: Geography Duration: 2 Hours
BHOPAL
Answers to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
You will not be allowed to write during the first15 minutes.
This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.
Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted.
A total of five questions are to be attempted from Part II.
The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [].
To be supplied with this Paper: Survey of India Map Sheet No.G43S7
Note:
(i) In all Map Work, by a wise use of arrows to avoid overcrowding of the map.
(ii) The extract of Survey of India Map Sheet No.G43S7 must not be taken out of the examination hall. It must
be handed over to the Supervising Examiner on the completion of the Paper.
(iii) The Map given at the end of this question paper must be fastened with your answer booklet.
(iv) All sub-sections of each question must be answered in the correct order.
(v) All working including rough work should be done on the same answer sheet as the rest of the answer.
PART I (30Marks)
Attempt all questions from this Part
Question 1
Study the extract of the survey of India Map Sheet No. G43S7and answer the following questions:
(i) a) Give the four-figure grid reference for the village Juyol. 3794
b) Give the Six-figure grid reference for the Triangulated height 216 metres. 331922 [2]
(ii) a) Define Scale. Mention the Statement scale given on the map. [2]
Scale represents the ratio of a distance on the map to the corresponding distance on the ground. 2 cm.
to 1 Kilometer
(iii) a) Identify the landforms in grid square 3896. Ridges [2]
b) Identify the drainage pattern in grid square 3697. Radial
(iv) a) What do you mean by 8r.? (located in grid square 4192) Relative height of the river bank is 8 meter.
[2]
b) What is the main river flowing direction of the given map? From East to West
(v) a) What do you mean by Contour interval. [2]
A contour interval is the vertical distance or difference in elevation between consecutive contour
lines on a topographic map.
b) If you need to go to Ratanpur from Ranipura, Which direction you need to proceed? North west
direction

Question 2
On the outline map of India provided: [10]
(i) Draw and label the Standard Meridian.
(ii) Shade and label Coromandel Coastal Plains.
(iii) Mark with a dot city Hyderabad.
(iv) Shade an area of dense population in South India.
(v) Mark and label Karakoram Range.
(vi) Mark and label Chilka lake.
(vii) Shade and label Gulf of Khambhat.
(viii) Shade and label river Ganga.
(ix) Shade an area which has Red soil.
(x) Mark and name an Iron Ore field of India.
Question 3
Chose the correct option: [10]
(i) Assertion (A): The coastal regions of India experience a moderate climate.
Reason (R): The presence of large water bodies nearby helps to moderate the temperature, preventing
extreme highs and lows.
a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true, but R is false.
d) A is false, but R is true.
(ii) Erosion which seems to be shallow and curvy, finger like projections are known as_______
a) Sheet b) Rill
c) Gully d) All the Above
(iii) Which side of the mountain range experiences lush vegetation?
a) Right side b) top side
c) Left side d) bottom side
(iv) Tank irrigation is not popular in Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh because,
a) There are perennial rivers b) Land is highly uneven
c) The surface cannot collect water effectively d) All of the above
(v) In which of the irrigation the water poured on the field is directed to flow through narrow channels dug
between the rows of crops, instead of evenly distributing the water throughout the whole field:
a) Canal irrigation b) Furrow irrigation
c) Tank irrigation d) Drip irrigation
(vi) Which of the following factors is the most critical in determining the availability of water resources in a
particular region of India?
a) Geographic location relative to the equator b) Average annual temperature
c) Rate of groundwater recharge d) Proximity to urban centers
(vii) What role does government policy play in shaping the agricultural sector in India?
a) It has minimal impact compared to market forces and international trade.
b) It can provide subsidies, support price stability, and incentivize sustainable practices.
c) It primarily focuses on increasing crop yields without addressing environmental concerns.
d) It primarily regulates foreign investment in the agricultural sector.
(viii) Jute is the types of crops:
a) Rabi b) Kharif
c) Zaid d) Plantation
(ix) The two terminal points of East-West corridor are
a) Mumbai and Dispur b) Ahmedabad and Imphal
c) Porbandar and Silchar. d) Meghalaya and Rajasthan
(x) For composting ……………. is essential-
a) Pathogens bacteria b) Chlorine
b) Microorganism d) Earthworms

PART II (50 Marks)

Attempt any five questions from this Part
Question 4
(i) Which regions in India are mostly affected by the Loo winds, and during which months do these winds typically
occur? [2]
Loo is the hot, dry, and oppressing winds blowing especially in Northern plains of India (UP, Bihar, Rajasthan,
Delhi) particularly in the month of May and June.
(ii) With reference to the rainy season in India, answer the following questions: [2]
a) What factors can cause a weak or delayed monsoon season?
 Cyclonic Activity
 Global warming
 El Nino effect
 Temperature changes in the Indian ocean due to change in global temperature pattern.
b) What is the atmospheric pressure condition during rainy season over the central part of India?
There is low pressure condition during the rainy season as wind blows from high to low pressure which
attracts moisture to the central part of India.
(iii) Give Reason: [3]
a) Kochi experiences equable climate.
Kochi is located near coastal area with lesser annual range of temperature which makes it equable.
b) Central Maharashtra gets lesser rainfall than the coastal area of Maharashtra.
Central Maharashtra receives less rainfall than the coastal area of Maharashtra because Central Maharashtra is
located on the leeward side of the Western Ghats. Places located on the leeward side of a mountain receive
scanty rainfall.
c) Thar is a desert.
Thar is a desert area because it receives scanty rainfall from the South West monsoon winds in India. The
Aravalli Range of mountains run parallel to the thar and thus is responsible for scanty rainfall.
(iv) Study the climatic data given below and answer the questions that follow: [3]
Month JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Temp. (°C) 23.8 26.0 27.7 29.3 30.2 30.3 30.4 30.3 30.0 30.3 25.5 24.2
Rainfall(cm) 0 0 1.1 1.5 2.1 45.3 46.5 45.4 43.3 20.1 3.0 1
a) What is the annual range of temperature for the station? 30.4-23.8=6.6°C
b) What is the total rainfall during the monsoon season? 180.5cm
c) On which coast is the station located? Give a reason for your answer.
It is located at the western coast / Western Ghats as the rainfall is mostly happening during the month of June
July August and September which explains that the southwest monsoon is quiet strong here.

Question 5
(i) What is transported soil? Give an example of transported soil? [2]
Transported soil is also known as exsitu soil as it is displaced from one location to the other with the help of agents
of erosion. Example of transported soil is Alluvial.
(ii) Name the following: [2]
a) The process of soil formation. Pedogenesis
b) Name the type of soil that is rich in lime and found in the semi-arid regions of India, often used for
growing crops like cotton and oilseeds. Black Soil
c) This soil is acidic, porous, crumbly and coarse. Laterite soils
 d) Growing of crops in a cyclical manner to retain soil fertility. Crop rotation
(iii) Give Reason: [3]
a) Contour bunding is very effective across the hill slopes.
This helps in reducing the flow of water down the slope.
b) The colour of red soil is generally red in colour.
The red colour is due to wide diffusion rather than high percentage of iron content.
c) Laterite soils provide valuable building material.
Laterite soils are used as a building material because they become hard like iron when exposed to air.
(iv) Read the story and answer the following: [3]
"The Farmer's Dilemma"
Ravi, a farmer in a small village, noticed that his crop yields had been declining over the past few years. His land,
once fertile, had started to show signs of erosion, with patches of soil being washed away by rain. Seeking advice, he
spoke to an agricultural expert who suggested he adopt methods like contour plowing and planting cover crops to
prevent further soil erosion.
a) What were the initial signs that Ravi’s land was experiencing soil erosion, and how did this impact
his crop yield?
The initial signs that Ravi’s land was experiencing soil erosion included patches of soil being washed away by
rain. This loss of fertile topsoil reduced the nutrients available for his crops, leading to a decline in crop yields
over the past few years.
b) How does contour plowing help in preventing soil erosion on Ravi's farm?
Contour plowing helps in preventing soil erosion by plowing along the contours of the land, rather than up and
down slopes. This method creates natural barriers for water flow, which slows down the runoff and reduces
the risk of soil being washed away. By doing so, it helps to retain soil moisture and prevent the erosion of
topsoil, thereby maintaining the land’s fertility and improving crop yields.

Question 6
(i) Define: [2]
a) Natural Vegetation b) Social Forestry
a) Natural vegetation refers to a plant community, which has grown naturally without human aid and has been
left undisturbed by humans for a long time
b) Social Forestry means making use of unused and fallow lands so that deeper forests are safeguarded from
exploitation, by using fast-growing trees to meet the needs of fodder and fuelwood.
(ii) a) Name the forests which grow on the western slope of the Western Ghats. [2]
Tropical evergreen forests dominate in the western slopes of western ghats
b) Why do such forests grow in this region?
The Western Ghats' western slopes are wrapped in thick tropical evergreen forests. This is due to the fact
that the western slope receives much more rainfall than the eastern slope. During the monsoon season,
moisture-laden air travels eastward over the Western Ghats
(iii) With reference to the Thorn and Scrub Vegetation, answer the questions given below: [3]
a) Name two states where this type of vegetation is largely found. Rajasthan and Gujrat
b) Name any two trees which grow here. How do these trees adapt themselves to the environment?
Babool, Acacia, kikar.
They have stunted growth, small leaves or no leaves which have turned into spikes to reduce surface area for
less transpiration there barks are often fleshy for example cactus.
(iv)

a) Forests contribute in protecting and improving the environment. [3]

-Support the statement giving two valid points.
Forests absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere through the process of photosynthesis. This helps
to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, mitigating climate change and improving air
quality.
Forests provide habitats for a vast array of plant and animal species, supporting biodiversity. They also
 offer essential ecosystem services, such as soil stabilization, water purification, and the regulation of the water
cycle, which contribute to a healthier and more stable environment.
b) Name two minor products obtained from the forests.
Bamboo. Resin, herbs, twigs branches, spices, dyes and tannins

Question 7
(i) Mention two reasons why canal irrigation is more prevalent in northern India? [2]
 Soft soil
 Perennial source of water
 Plain land
(ii) Define: [2]
a) Inundation canals b) Check dams
a) Inundation canal are the canals that are linked to large Rivers. Such canals use the excess water of rivers at the
time of floods and remain operational during rainy season.
b) A check dam is a small dam constructed across a drainage ditch, swale, or channel to lower the velocity of
flow. Reduced runoff velocity reduces erosion and gullying in the channel and allows sediments to settle out.
(iii) Give one geographical reason for each of the following statements: [3]
a) Tank irrigation is not a dependable method for crop cultivation.
In case of failure of rains, tanks also remain dry and hence are not a dependable source of irrigation. Because
of large area coverage and shallow depth, water from tanks either evaporates or sinks underground.
b) The drip method of irrigation is the best among all modern methods of irrigation.
The drip method of irrigation is the best among all modern methods of irrigation as in this method water is
directly given to the crops through perforated pipes. This reduces evaporation and each crop may be irrigated
according to its requirements.
c) Canal irrigation leads to the ground around it becoming unproductive.
In canal irrigation, where the water table is a few feet below the ground, the alkaline salts come to the surface,
mix with the soil and make it unproductive.
(iv) Read the news paper article and answer the following questions: [3]
‘Rainwater harvesting also helps in preventing seawater intrusion’
Published - October 26, 2023 06:00 pm IST THE HINDU BUREAU

A rally being taken out in Thoothukudi on Thursday to create awareness of the importance of rainwater harvesting. | Photo Credit: N. RAJESH

Collector G. Lakshmipathi inaugurated rainwater harvesting awareness events in the district on Thursday
as northeast monsoon is expected to start next week.
After flagging off a rainwater harvesting awareness rally and the campaign vehicle here, Mr. Lakshmipathi
said rainwater going waste should be saved to improve groundwater table of the coastal district which was
staring at seawater intrusion into the land.
Besides improving groundwater table, rainwater harvesting would also avert flooding in residential areas,
particularly in urban pockets.
The rally, which was flagged off near VOC College, reached Rajaji Park. The rallyists carried placards
explaining rainwater harvesting methods such as collecting rainwater from the roof of houses and other
buildings and saving it in the rainwater harvesting structures, open wells or tube wells.
Short films and documentaries screened in the campaign vehicle explained the need for creating rainwater
harvesting structures in private and government buildings, commercial complexes, hotels, hospitals, etc.
The Collector also inspected a demonstration on how water quality is checked.
a) The article highlights the environmental and economic benefits of rainwater harvesting. How would
you
advocate for a rainwater harvesting program in your neighborhood using these benefits?
Advocating for Rainwater Harvesting:
Environmental Benefits: Emphasize that it improves groundwater levels and prevents flooding, making the
area more resilient to water scarcity and urban flooding.
Economic Benefits: Highlight cost savings on water bills and potential property value increase. Advocate
 through community meetings, educational workshops, and collaboration with local authorities for subsidies.
b) What challenges might arise in mobilizing community support, and how could these challenges be
overcome?
Challenges and Solutions:
Challenges: Lack of awareness, high initial costs, cultural resistance, and maintenance concerns.
Solutions: Conduct awareness campaigns, offer financial incentives, showcase successful examples, and
provide affordable maintenance support.

Question 8
(i) Mention any four characteristics of plantation agriculture. [2]
 It is primarily carried out for commercial purposes.
 In big fields, a significant volume of a single crop is grown.
 Plantations grow a variety of crops, including tea, coffee, sugarcane, cashew, rubber, bananas, and cotton.
 Plantation development is aided by a well-developed transportation and communication network connecting
plantation processing enterprises and markets.
 It can be found predominantly in tropical places around the world.
(ii) a) Mention the environmental advantage of Mixed farming. [2]
 It helps in harvesting different crops together to produce a harvest with a variety of produce.
 It increases the fertility of the soil.
 It also reduces the risk of pest infestation and crop failure.
b) What is Green Revolution?
New high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice developed by Dr. Norman Borlaug were introduced, along with
increased use of irrigation, fertilizers, pesticides, and farm mechanization.
(iii) Define the following terms [3]
a) Ginning c) Dibbling
b) Ratooning
a) The process of separating fibers from the seeds of cotton is called ginning of cotton. Ginning could be done
either using hands or via the machines.
b) In this method, during the first harvest, the sugarcane is cut leaving a little bit of the stalk in the soil with the
roots. The stalk soon puts out new shoots or ratoons.
c) Dibbling is a method of sowing seeds in which we place seeds in the holes or pits at equal predetermined
distances and depths.
(iv) Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow [3]

a) Name one State where this crop grows well. West Bengal
b) Mention the particular method. Transplantation method
c) Mention two geographical conditions suitable for the cultivation of this crop.
Tropical climate.
Moderate temperature.
High amount of rainfall.

Question 9
(i) Transport system is the life line of our country. -Justify. [2]
The means of transportation and communication are called the lifelines of a nation and economy. This is
because they are the backbone of the economy and hallmark of development of a nation. Transportation and
communication help in the expansion of trade and boost the economy.
(ii) What is Golden Quadrilateral? What is its objective? [2]
The Golden Quadrilateral is a national highway network connecting most of the major industrial, agricultural and
cultural centres of India. The main objective of these super highways is to reduce the distance and travel time
between the four mega cities of India.
(iii) a) Mention two main advantages of Inland waterways.
 Cost effective transportation
  Environment friendly
b) Name an inland riverine sea port located on the East coast of India Kolkata port/Haldia port [3]
(iv) Study the picture given and then answer the questions that follow: [3]

a) In which part of India is this means of transport most popular? North East India
b) Why is it so?
This region is mostly hilly and unaccessible, other means of communication such as roadways and railways are
difficult to construct in the mountaineous.
c) Mention one disadvantage associated with the above means of transport.
It is costly and has lots of formalities while travelling.

Question 10
(i) A manufacturing company generates a significant amount of hazardous waste. How would you develop a
waste management plan to ensure safe disposal and compliance with environmental regulations? [2]
 Conduct a waste audit
 Waste minimization
 Waste segregation
 Recycling stations for waste
 Safe handling and storage
 Regular monitoring and reporting (explain any two)
(ii)

a) Why do you consider the above waste as harmful?

The above image is biomedical waste it has infectious agents toxic chemicals and sharp objects which if not
disposed properly will cause harm to a healthy individual.
b) How would you manage this waste? [2]
 Segregation
 Proper disposal
 It should be kept away from populated regions
(iii) What do you mean by the following terms? [3]
a) Segregation: Waste segregation can be defined as the process of identifying, classifying, dividing and sorting
of garbage and waste products in an effort to reduce, reuse and recycle materials.
b) Eutrophication: Eutrophication is a general term describing a process in which nutrients accumulate in a
body of water, resulting in an increased growth of microorganisms that may deplete the oxygen of water.
c) Landfill: In the landfill method of waste disposal, a huge pit is made in an open low lying area, usually away
from the places where people reside. The wastes is collected in huge trucks and dumped into the pits. Once the
pits are full, they are covered with soil and left for decomposition.
(iv) How can segregation of waste into biodegradable and non-biodegradable reduce the quantity of waste
and can be utilized for generating sustainable energy. [3]
Segregating waste into biodegradable and non-biodegradable categories helps reduce overall waste by enabling
more efficient recycling and composting processes. Biodegradable waste can be composted to produce organic
fertilizer or processed in anaerobic digesters to generate biogas, a form of sustainable energy. Non-biodegradable
waste, such as plastics and metals, can be recycled, reducing the need for raw materials and minimizing landfill
use. This segregation not only decreases the quantity of waste sent to landfills but also facilitates the conversion of
waste into valuable resources and energy.