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Open Lab

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24 views13 pages

Open Lab

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razuahsanhabib
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

EEE 102
Electronic Circuits-I

Open Ended Lab Report

Semester: Spring 2021


Section: 02
Date of Submission: 08 May, 2022

Submitted By,

1. Mafuzur Rahman (2020-2-80-014)


2. Tahfizur Rahman Rifat (2019-2-80-032)

Submitted To,

Kamanashis Saha
Lecturer, Dept. of EEE
East West University
Objective
Amplifier is a special electrical circuit that produces and increases its
input signal. Basically, an amplifier takes a voltage as input and increases
in its output. Voltage gain is very high in amplifier circuit. In Electronics,
BJT small signal amplifier is very common. In this experiment, We are
going to design a BJT small signal amplifier which will full fill few
requirements or targets.

Requirements of Design
• Requirements of Design
• Minimum input impedance: 2 kΩ
• Maximum output impedance: 4kΩ
Gain: 50
• Maximum power consumption: 30 mW
• β = 100
VCC = 15 V
We have to use the standard values for resistors and capacitors that these
are available in circuit laboratories.

Theoretical Calculation

Finding Collector Current (IC)


The voltage of DC voltage source, VCC = 15 V
Let, DC power consumption, PDC = 30 mW = 0.03 W
Now, PDC = (IC + IR1) × VCC
PDC ≡ IC × VCC
0.03 ≡ IC × 15
Ic ≡ 2 mA
Finding Emitter Current (IE) and Base Current (IB)
β = IC/IB
IB = IC/ β
IB = 2/100
IB = 0.02 mA

So, IE = IB +IC = (2 + 0.02) mA = 2.02 mA

Following the classical biasing circuit design rule:

VCE = 0.5 × VCC


= 0.5 × 15 V
= 7.5 V

VRE (VE) = VCC/8


= 15/8 V
= 1.875 V

VRC = 3VCC/8
= (3×15)/8 V
= 5.625 V

VB = VE + 0.7= (1.875 + 0.7) V = 2.575 V

RE = VRE/IE
= 1.875/2.02 kΩ = 0.92 kΩ

Rc = VRC/IC = 5.625/2 kΩ = 2.8 kΩ

R2 ≤ [(1+ β)×RE]/10
R2 ≤ [(1+ 100)×0.92]/10
R2 ≤ 9.2kΩ

IR2 = VB/R2
= 2.575 /9 mA
= 0.27 mA

IR1 = IB + IR2 = 0.02 + 0.27 mA = 0.29 mA

R1 = (VCC-VB)/IR1
= (15-2.5)/0.29
= 43.1 kΩ

Given, VCC = 15 V
Vsig amplitude = 25 mV (50 mV P-P)

I have assumed values of these components/ terms,


PDC = 30 mW
R1 = 45 kΩ
RL = 2.2 kΩ
Rsig = 1 kΩ
Frequency = 20 kHz

I have taken standard values of these components,


RE = 1 kΩ
RC = 3 kΩ
R2 = 9 kΩ
C1 = C2 = C3 = 10 μF

All the assumed and standard values are almost close to our theoretical
values.

List of Tools and Components


1. PSpice
2. n-p-n BJT – Q2N2222
3. Eight resistors – 1 kΩ, 3 kΩ, 9 kΩ, 2.2 kΩ, 45 Ω, 2.2 kΩ, 1 mΩ &
1 GΩ
4. Three Capacitors - 10 µF, 10 µF & 10 µF
5. 15 V voltage source
6. VSIN voltage source (50 mV p-p, 20 kHz frequency).

Circuit Diagram:

Figure 01: A BJT Signal Amplifier Circuit


Procedure
1. Firstly, draw the DC part of the circuit. That is, R1, R2, RE, RC, and
15-V source. Run the simulation with bias point calculation only.
Check the current across VCC. Now calculate the DC power
consumption and compare it with the required value.
2. Now add the rest of the components.
3. Set V1 as VSIN. Set the frequency to 20 kHz, amplitude to 25 mV,
and VOFF to 0.
4. Setup simulation to transient. Set stop time to 200 us and step
ceiling to 1 us.
5. Simulate and observe simulated currents and voltages and compare
it with theoretical values.
6. Calculate the value of beta (β).
7. Observe the current through RSig ,Vsig and measure their p-p
values. For better view, multiply the current by 1000.
8. Calculate the input impedance = Vsig (p-p)Current through Rsig
(p-p) . Compare it with the required input impedance.
9. Measure the peak to peak value of open circuit voltage. To do that,
change the RL value to 100 gigaOhm.
10. Measure the peak to peak value of short circuit current. To do
that, change the RL value to 1 miliOhm.
11. Calculate the output impedance, RO = Open circuit voltage
(p-p)Short circuit current (p-p) . Compare it with the required
output impedance.
12. Measure the input and output voltages and their p-p values.
For better view, multiply input voltage by 10.
13. Calculate the voltage gain = Output voltage (p-p)Input
Voltage (p-p) . Compare it with the required mid band voltage
gain.
Checking DC Power Consumption:

Figure 02: DC Part of the Amplifier Circuit

Here, VCC = 15 V
Current across VCC = 2.033 mA = 0.002033 A
Power consumption PDC = (15 × 0.002033) W
= 0.03 W or 30 mW ≤ 30 mW
So, the DC power consumption is in the required range.
Checking Currents and Voltages:

Figure 03: A BJT Signal Amplifier Circuit with Node Voltages & Currents

IC = 1.754 mA
IB = 0.01 mA
IE = 1.764 mA
VC = 9.74 V
VB = 2.422 V
VE = 1.764 V

VCE = (9.74– 1.764) V = 7.9 V


IR1 = 0.2795 mA
IR2 = 0.26915 mA

All the simulated values of currents and voltages are very close to the
calculated values.
Checking the Value of Beta:
β = Ic/IB = 1.754/0.0103 = 170

Checking Input Impedance:

Figure 04: Input Voltage Signal and Current Signal

Peak to peak value of voltage Vsig = (24.989 - (-24.991)) mV = 49.98


mV
Peak to peak value of current through Rsig = (8.992- (-7.402)) mA =
16.394 mA
Now, input impedance = Vsig (P-P)/ Isig(P-P) = 49.98/(16.394/1000)
= 3048 Ω = 3 kΩ > 2 kΩ

So, the input impedance is higher than the minimum required value
Checking Output Impedance:

Figure 05: Peak values of open circuit voltage (When R is 100 GΩ)
L

Peak to peak value of open circuit voltage = (2.6378 - (-3.5017)) V=


6.13 V
Figure 06: Peak values of short circuit current (When R is 1 mΩ)
L

Peak to peak value of short circuit current = (1.2839 - (-0.919)) mA = 2.2


mA.
Now, output impedance, Ro = 6.13/2.2
= 2.7 kΩ < 4kΩ
So, the output impedance is lower than the maximum required value.
Checking the Mid-Band Gain

Figure 07: Input Voltage and Output Voltage

Peak to peak value of the input voltage = (159.625 - (-176.142)) mV =


0.335 V
Peak to peak value of the output voltage = (1.1402 - (-1.5629)) V =
2.7031 V
Now, mid-band gain = Vo(P-P)/Vi(P-P)
= 2.703/(0.335/10)
= 80.6 > 50
So, the mid-band gain is higher than the minimum mid band gain 50.
Conclusion
1. I have successfully done with the experiment. All targets have been
full filed.
2. I have used the PSpice simulation software in the whole experiment.
3. I had to assume few values of resistors, capacitors and voltage
sources. While assuming, I followed the standard value charts.
4. Firstly, I assumed the DC power consumption is equal to 30 mW.
But, while calculating from the circuit, I got 30.01 mW. Both values
satisfy the condition.
5. In my theoretical calculation part, all the values have determined
approximately. I changed the calculated values as needed while
developing the circuit. I used the nearest standard values from
theoretical calculation for resistors.
6. The values of node voltages and brunch currents are approximately
equal to the theorical calculation. But there is discrepancy.
7. The value of input impedance and output impedance satisfy the
conditions. The input impedance is greater than the minimum range.
Again, the output impedance is less than the maximum range.
8. One of the requirements is the mid band gain is equal or greater than
50. I got the gain 80.6 which satisfied our condition.

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