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Question 1
The charts below give information about the price of tickets on one airline
between Sydney and Melbourne, Australia, over a two-week period in 2013.

The bar charts illustrate the fluctuating prices of airline tickets for a specific airline
traveling between Sydney and Melbourne across two consecutive weeks in 2013.

Overall, the flight prices oscillated throughout the week, presenting the lowest prices
midweek and generally the highest around the weekend, with a noteworthy decrease in
certain fares from the first to the second week, especially on the Melbourne to Sydney
route.

In terms of flights from Sydney to Melbourne, on Mondays, prices were lower in the
second week, sliding from $80 to $50. Tuesdays to Thursdays maintained relatively
uniform costs of $35 to $40 in both weeks, while the end of the working week brought a
significant price hike, peaking at $75 on Fridays. The weekend saw a slight decrease,
with tickets costing $65 on Saturdays and a further decrease to $50 on Sundays.

Regarding the return flight, from Melbourne to Sydney, a similar trend is discernible
=obvious, albeit with some differences. Notably, Mondays saw a decline from $60 in
week 1 to $40 in week 2. From Tuesday through Thursday, a steady price of roughly
$40 was observed in both weeks. The costliest ticket was on Friday in the first week at
$80, dropping to $60 in the following week. Over the weekend, the price fell from $60 to
$50 from Saturday to Sunday in the first week and remained constant at $50 throughout
the second weekend.
Sample band 8.5 (TA 8 - CC 9 - LR 9 - GRA 9)

Question 2
The table below gives information on consumer spending on different items in
five different countries in 2002.

The table shows five different countries’ consumer spending on three types of consumer
goods in 2002.

Overall, the highest proportion of consumer spending in all countries was on food, drink,
and tobacco, with Ireland and Turkey notably leading in this category. In contrast,
expenditure on clothing and leisure/education was comparatively lower.

Looking first at food, drink, and tobacco products, 30% of expenditure in both Ireland
and Turkey went on these products, while the figures for Italy, Spain, and Sweden
trailed behind, ranging from 15% to 19%.

Clothing and footwear represented the next largest expenditure category. This sector
accounted for 9% of Italian spending, and about 6% in the other countries cited.
As far as leisure and education are concerned, Turkish people had the highest spending
at just under 4.5%, which was higher than in Sweden and Italy, where the figures were
both closer to 3%. Finally, Spanish and Irish consumers dedicated only about 2% of
their household budgets to this sector.

Question 3 (1)

Dấu hiệu nhận biết: chỉ duy nhất 1 thời điểm (1 năm, 1 tháng, 1 tuần)
=> static

The table provides data on potato consumption and production across five global
regions in 2006.

(biểu đồ khảo sát theo mấy tiêu chí => pick higher / highest cho từng tiêu chí)
Overall, Europe emerged as/ stood out as the leader in potato consumption,
while African regions demonstrated lower interest in this agricultural product.
Both Asia and Europe also dominated/topped the/took the lead in potato
production.
 In terms of consumption, Europe recorded a remarkable average of 96.1
kilograms per capita/per person, significantly higher than other regions. This
amount nearly doubled (v) that of North America and roughly quadrupled (v)
that of Asia, which stood at 57.9 and 25.8 kilograms per capita, respectively.
South and Central America closely followed Asia with an average
consumption of 23.6 kilograms per person, while Africa had the lowest average
consumption at 14.1 kilograms per person.

Regarding production, Asia and Europe exhibited minor differences,

producing 131.2 and 126.3 million tonnes of potatoes, respectively, far
surpassing/far outpacing other regions. North America, Africa, and South
and Central America lagged/trailed behind with 24.7, 16.4, and 15.6 million
tonnes, in that order, illustrating a significant disparity in production scales
across the continents.

Question 3 (2)
The table presents a comprehensive overview of the advertising spending and
distribution strategies of four car manufacturers in 2002.

Overall, Renault (UK) and Porsche dedicated significantly more to advertising than did
Range Rover and Citroen (UK). It is also clear that these producers, especially Porsche,
leaned heavily towards TV advertising, leaving aside Range Rover, which primarily
channeled its funds into press advertising.

Looking first at Renault (UK) and Porsche, each spent 59 million pounds on advertising
in the year surveyed, though they differed slightly in their budget allocation. The former
earmarked 50% of its budget for TV ads, while press and outdoor advertising consumed
27% and 23%, in that order. Porsche, by comparison, favored TV and outdoor channels
more, with 56% and 26% of its expenditure going on for these types, respectively. This
means a modest 18% was reserved for press advertising. Interestingly, neither Renault
(UK) nor Porsche ventured into cinema advertising.

Turning to Range Rover and Citroen (UK), they had smaller advertising budgets, set at
41 and 36 million pounds, respectively. Both manufacturers stood out as the only ones
in the survey to tap into cinema advertising, albeit sparingly at 6%. As for TV
advertising, just like with Renault (UK) and Porsche, Citroen (UK) expended the most
on it, at 55%. Meanwhile, Range Rover reserved just half of that percentage for TV
spots, opting instead to focus on press campaigns, to which it dedicated 52% of its
budget– almost double that of Citroen (UK). In terms of outdoor advertising, their shares
were relatively similar, both in the vicinity of a fifth.

Question 4
The pie charts detail the fund allocation of a specific UK school across three different
years: 1981, 1991, and 2001.

Overall, the bulk of the school's expenditure was consistently directed towards staff
salaries. It is also noticeable that insurance costs experienced the most significant
increase over the observed period, whereas there was a substantial proportional
decrease in spending on learning and teaching resources.

In terms of employee salaries, they accounted for approximately 70% of the total
expenditure in the first two years and dropped to 60% in 2001. Initially, teachers'
salaries represented 40% of the overall budget, outpacing other staff expenses at 28%.
By 1991, despite a decline in other staff costs to 22%, teachers' salaries had increased
by 10%, resulting in a net 4% rise in total salary expenditure. However, 2001 marked a
notable decrease, with teachers' and other staff salaries being reduced to 45% and
15%, respectively.

Turning to the other expenditure categories, insurance, albeit initially the smallest
budget item, saw the most substantial growth, quadrupling from 2% to 8% over the
years. Both resources like books and furniture/equipment started with equal allocations
at 15% each. By 1991, spending on the former had risen by 5%, whereas the latter's
expenses had decreased dramatically to just 5%. However, by the end of the period, the
school had significantly reallocated its budget, boosting furniture and equipment funding
to 23%, offset by an 11% reduction in resources expenditure.

Question 5
The line chart shows the trends of employment in the USA and predictions for the
future.

The chart details the distribution of the workforce in the US between 1975 and 2025.

Overall, the most striking trend is the stark contrast between agriculture and services,
with the agricultural sector seeing a significant decline in its workforce, while the service
sector experienced a marked increase. Interestingly, the manufacturing sector initially
mirrored the service sector's growth for the first five years but later followed a decline
akin to agriculture.
Although in the first two years, changes in employment patterns were rather minimal,
post-1977, a noticeable shift occurred, moving away from agriculture towards industrial
and service jobs. In 1975, agriculture dominated, employing 80 million workers—eight
times more than manufacturing and services. However, from 1977 to 1980, farming’s
workforce shrank significantly, while both manufacturing and services saw a parallel
rise. By 1980, these three sectors each had employed about 40 million workers.
The projection from 1980 to 2025 suggests that the service sector will continue its
upward trajectory, observed between 1979 and 1980, eventually employing the most
people, peaking at 90 million. This figure surpasses the agricultural sector's highest
employment level at the start. In contrast, manufacturing and agriculture are expected to
continue their decline, with both sectors projected to have about 10 million workers by
2025.

Question 6
The table shows the production of cocoa beans (in tons) in six regions from 1992 to
1998.

The table gives information about how many tons of cocoa beans were produced
annually in several regions every two years between 1992 and 1998.

Overall, cocoa bean production increased significantly in Oceania, South America, and
Asia whereas most other regions experienced decreases. It is also reported that South
America and Asia were by far the largest producers.

In 1992, South America had the highest production of cocoa beans, at 143,000 tons per
year (TPY), followed by Asia, which produced 119,000 TPY. By 1996, however, Asian
production had surpassed South America's, with the former reaching 236,000 TPY,
while the latter had dipped to 127,000 TPY. Thereafter, the cocoa bean production of
South America swelled to 389,000 TPY, but it could not take its initial position back, as
the production in Asia kept rising, jumping to its highest level of 436,000 TPY in 1998.

Regarding the other regions, Oceania saw its production increasing steadily, from
40,000 TPY to 77,000 over the period, while North and Central America's production
bottomed out at 25,000 TPY in 1994 but quickly bounced back, ultimately returning to its
initial level of 46,000. Seeing an opposite pattern, England’s production, after peaking at
67,000 TPY, had fallen to 49,000 TPY by 1998, representing a 7,000 TPY decline since
the first year. Finally, African production had almost tripled to 119,000 TPY by 1996 only
to fall back to just 25,000 two years later.
Sample band 8.5 (TR 8 - CC 9 - LR 8 - GRA 9)

Question 7
The diagram below shows the floor plan of a public library 20 years ago and how
it looks now.

The diagrams illustrate the transformation of a particular public library over the course of
two decades.

Overall, the library has undergone significant changes, the most striking of which are
the rearrangement of rooms and facilities and the integration of modern technology.
These shifts have made the library more visitor-friendly.

As visitors step inside, the central zone that was once filled with tables and chairs is
now an open passage. To the left of the entrance, a new computer room has replaced
the former reading room for newspapers and magazines. On the right-hand side, the
previous enquiry desk where people purchased tickets or returned books has given its
place to a cafe.

Continuing past the cafe, the section that was designated for adult non-fiction books has
been developed into an information desk with self-service machines. To the left of this
area, all reference books are located where adult fiction books were housed.
Meanwhile, the adult fiction collection has been relocated, sharing the space with the
information desk.
Walking up to the end of the library, on the left is a spacious room allocated for
children’s fiction books and storytelling events, furnished with sofas. This zone
previously served as a smaller storage area for CDs, videos, and computer games. On
the right side, a lecture room occupies the space that formerly held children’s books.

Question 8
The chart below shows the number of households in the US by their annual income in
2007, 2011 and 2015.

The bar chart details the distribution of US households across five income brackets for
the years 2007, 2011, and 2015.

Overall, all categories saw their numbers increasing over the period shown, with the
exception of the demographic of those earning $50,000-$74,999 a year, whose figures
stayed the same throughout.

High-come earners, who earned $100,000 or more, generally outnumbered their lower-
income counterparts during the surveyed period. At first, nearly 30 million households
fell into this category, but by 2011, this number had dropped by about 2 million, falling
behind the figures for the two lowest income groups. A significant rebound occurred in
2015, with approximately 34 million households earning $100,000 or more. The $75,000
to $99,999 income bracket experienced similar, albeit less pronounced, changes. This
group was much smaller compared to the other brackets, with its figures decreasing
slightly to around 14 million in 2011 before climbing back to 15 million at the end of the
period.
Moving to the lower income segments, households earning less than $25,000 and those
between $25,000 and $49,999 both saw increases of around 4 million, peaking at 28
million and nearly 30 million respectively in 2011. However, both groups experienced
slight decreases in 2015.

Finally, the middle-income group, earning between $50,000 and $74,999 annually, was
the only category to show no change over the years, consistently accounting for 21
million households.

Question 9
The diagram below shows how the Australian Bureau of Meteorology collects up-
to-the-minute information on the weather in order to produce reliable forecasts.
The diagram details the process employed by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology to
gather real-time weather data, which is then harnessed to generate accurate weather
forecasts.

Overall, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology adopts a systematic approach, beginning

with data collection from various sources, which is subsequently analyzed, processed,
and eventually disseminated to the public through different broadcasting means.

The procedure commences with the collection of incoming information from three
primary sources, namely satellites, radar systems, and drifting buoys. After the data is
accumulated, it undergoes a phase of analysis and forecasting. During this, the raw
information from the sources is transformed into comprehensible formats like satellite
photos, radar screens, and synoptic charts, which represent the weather patterns and
conditions.

Following the analysis, the next step is the preparation of the broadcast. This is done
using a computer system which processes the analyzed data and readies it for
transmission. Once ready, the forecast is broadcasted to the public through multiple
channels. These include a TV newsreader, who visually presents the weather updates,
radio, which offers auditory weather announcements, and recorded announcements in
telephones.

Question 10
The diagram below shows the process of electricity production.

The picture illustrates how electricity is produced from coal.

Overall, this process encompasses three main stages, which are coal combustion,
syngas purification, and electricity production. It is also noteworthy that this method
generates electricity not only via gas turbines but also indirectly through heat recovery
mechanisms.

Initially, coal is fed into a furnace, with oxygen also introduced to facilitate its
combustion. During this phase, two main byproducts are formed: raw syngas and slag.
While slag seems to be a waste product, the raw syngas undergoes further refinement.
Specifically, it is directed through a removal system which filters out CO2, mercury, and
sulfur, resulting in purified syngas.

This purified syngas then fuels a gas turbine, which works in tandem with a generator to
produce electricity. Concurrently, the hot exhaust gasses emitted during this stage pass
through a heat recovery steam generator. This system harnesses the exhaust's heat to
generate steam. This steam then propels a steam turbine that, in turn, drives a
generator to produce more electricity. Therefore, the entire system capitalizes on both
the syngas produced from the coal and the thermal energy from the hot exhaust gasses
to maximize electricity production.