Oral Communication

in Context
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Communication Models

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 What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the different models of communication. It will lead you to understanding
how communication works among people to foster mutual understanding and good
relationship. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations.
The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to
follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

This module consists of one lesson:

• Communication Models

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. differentiate the various models of communication;
2. explain the process of communication through the elements involved; and
recognize the importance of the models in understanding the communication process as applied in
everyday life.

What I Know

When was the last time you talked to someone or exchanged conversation with a
group? How did it go? Did it result to something good or did it lead to
misunderstanding or conflict? Why do you think so?

Directions: Read each item carefully then choose the letter that corresponds to your answer. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which model shows a one-way communication where the source of information does not
know whether the message is understood or not?
A. Interactive C. Transactional model
B. Linear D. A and B
2. Which of the following is an example of a one-way communication?
A. A church leader giving a homily to a crowd of people
B. A teacher encouraging students to give their thoughts on a relevant issue
C. Classmates talking about how to accomplish their assignments
D. ALL of the above
3. Which model of communication shows the interchange of ideas among different individuals
and shows progress in the process?
A. Interactive C. Transactional
B. Linear D. NONE of the above
4. Angie works for a fast food company as a cashier. A customer comes in to order sandwich and
drinks. What model of communication is described in the given situation?
A. Conversational approach C. Linear
B. Interactive D. Transactional model
5. Which of the following elements affects the flow of any communication process?
A. barrier B. channel C. feedback D. source
6. Which element is NOT found in Shannon-Weaver model?
A. barrier B. channel C. feedback D. receiver
7. You and your neighbors would like to initiate a project for the benefit of the elderly in your
community. The chairman presented his proposal and ignored his constituents’ suggestions.
What model of communication is presented here?
A. Berlo’s Model C. Shannon-Weaver Model
B. Schramm Model D. Transactional Model
8. In the above situation, what element of communication is missing?
A. barrier B. context C. feedback D. receiver

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9. When is a communication considered failed?
A. A negative feedback was given by the recipient of the message.
B. Both sender and receiver stopped the conversation process.
C. The persons involved fixed the problem that provoked in the process.
D. The recipient did not decode the meaning of the message sent.
10. Which of the following is NOT a purpose of communication?
A. It creates blunder that worsens an existing issue or concern.
B. It fosters good relationship among people.
C. It gears towards the solution to a problem.
D. It gives an overview of a national issue for public understanding.
11. Which of the following is an example of an interactive communication?
A. A jeepney barker persuades the commuters to Pacita Complex.
B. A social media influencer gets million views from her debut video.
C. A TV anchor interviews lawmakers over the MECQ in the metro.
D. A vendor starts a small talk with his customer and the latter gives in to it.
12. A friend’s Facebook status caught your attention. It is intended for you. It is personally
attacking you. To put the purpose of communication into context, what is the best thing you
should do?
A. Immediately comment on his/her status with provocative words
B. Inform him/her that you are going to sue him/her in court
C. Talk to the concerned person privately to settle the conflict
D. Tell the public about his/her dishonest way of life
13. Which communication model is dynamic where the process does not stop after one has given a
feedback and which continues to progress as topics and persons involved may change
overtime, too?
A. Interactive B. Linear C. Transactional D. A and C
14. On your way home, you dropped by a convenient store. Queuing to pay for some essentials,
you heard a customer arguing with the cashier. The customer talked on top of his voice
complaining for something you could not clearly hear. The buyer next to him interrupted the
one complaining. The others in the line could not help but gave their own sides of the story.
Finally, the manager came in. What model of communication is presented in the entire
scenario?
A. Interactive B. Linear C. Occasional D. Transactional
15. From the given situation above, what should the manager do? A. Arrogantly confront the
customer for being tough.
B. Publicly reprimand the cashier to show that the customer is always right
C. Tell the other customers to stop gossiping.
D. Respectfully pull out the customer and look for a win-win solution to the problem.

Lesson 2: Communication Models

What’s In
Communicating with others
takes us to a new experience. We
are either the ones starting the
conversation process or the ones
receiving it. As the exchange of information
progresses, both the source and the recipient go
through favorable or unfavorable experiences. The
two or more individuals involved may end up
satisfied or discontented with the result. At some
random instances, conflicts may incidentally arise.
But still, the end goal of communication is always for building better human relationships.

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 In the previous lesson, we talked about the functions, nature and process of communication.
Let us recall some key terms that you encountered in the discussion.

What is It

Imagine your life and the world you live in without proper communication
procedure. Would there be order or chaos? Would there be understanding or
misunderstanding?
Communication plays a crucial role in human life. It facilitates the sending and receiving
of knowledge and information. It allows people to develop various kinds of social relationships. It
provides an avenue for people to express their ideas, thoughts, feelings, and insights. Without it,
societies will be restrained from developing and progressing. With all the advancements in
technology, communication nowadays has changed dramatically, adapting to the 21st century way
of life. Beginning from the ancient times when messages were written on tablets, clays and barks
of trees or conveyed by the heralds or emissaries for proclamations to an entire territory,
communication has drastically evolved to fastest means of sending messages through electronic
gadgets and computers. Video calling or conferences is another high technological innovation
where distance is not quite a problem anymore to foster mutual understanding.
The representations below will help you understand the basic elements of communication.
See how the elements operate and interact as communication progresses.

Models of Communication Process

A. Linear Communication

Have you talked to somebody but did not get any reaction from him/her at all? Have you
experienced sending a message without receiving any feedback? This is linear communication.
Linear communication is one-way, focusing on the transmission of a message to a
receiver who never responds or has no way of responding to the information conveyed. For
instance, a competition organizer is presenting the contest mechanics. The message is final and
cannot be contended at all. It could be the president giving his State of the Nation Address on the
national television or a student who reads a poem or tells a story in front of an audience in a school
program. Other examples include sending a notification or automated message that does not
require a reply, reading a blog, or even the traditional way of sending a message such as a telegram.

Fig 1. Shannon-Weaver Model

Source: https://tinyurl.com/yaltqfqy. Retrieved May 25, 2020

Shannon-Weaver Model

An example of linear type of communication is the Shannon-Weaver model (1949). It is

also considered as the mother of all communication models. It has a one-way process starting from
a source (producer of message); passing through a channel (signals adapted for transmission)
which may at times be interrupted by noise (barrier) to a receiver (decoder of message from the
signal). The process stops after the message has arrived at its destination.

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B. Interactive

When was the last time someone surprised you? How did you react? Who was the last
person whom you praised for a job well-done? What response did you get? What is the
significance of getting a response or reaction from the person to whom you addressed your
statement?
Interactive approach is a two-way communication process where a response is given after a
message is sent. The recipient of the action intentionally or unintentionally gives a feedback
associated with the information received.

Let us extract Criselda and her mother’s dialogue from the story.

Criselda: Nanay, I can smell the aroma of your best delicacy,

adobo.
Aling Terie: Yeah, I know. It is the favorite of the family so adobo
is what I prepared today.
Criselda: I can’t wait to taste it!

Aling Terie’s response to Criselda’s statement proves that she decodes

the intended meaning of the idea passed on to her. That is what we call feedback. See, feedback
makes a difference. If the mother did not respond to the statement of her daughter, the latter would
not know whether her mother understands what she said. The exchange of ideas or information
verifies that both parties understand the message. Take a look at the next model.

Schramm Model

Fig 2. Schramm
Model
Source: https://tinyurl.com/yazbv5mv. Date Retrieved May 25, 2020

Schramm (1954) visualized the process of communication as an exchange of thoughts and

ideas. Feedback was added to the Shannon-Weaver Model. The recipient of the message decodes
it and creates a feedback based on his understanding of the information sent and vice versa.
The figure identifies the six elements of communication which are the sender, the message
sent, the receiver and the feedback provided by the receiver and sent back as a response to the
sender and the processes of encoding and decoding.
Remember, information may become useless if it is not conveyed
properly to others. Thus, the processes of encoding and decoding are the key components of this
model, including feedback.
Encoding is when an idea or information is translated into words and expressed to others.
Decoding is when this idea or information is understood and interpreted by the receiver.

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 Hence, the receiver must be able to send feedback to the sender in order to complete the
process. Otherwise, the communication transaction fails. Schramm’s model, which is a two-way
communication model, revolves around these principles.
The process goes on starting from the sender (source) who encodes the message transmitted
to the receiver which he interprets; decodes a message (feedback) to be sent back to the source who
in turn, decodes and interprets the information sent.

C. Transactional Model
Communication is dynamic. It has a complex nature. It takes place among individuals at any
given time with any given subject. However, there are tendencies that barriers would interfere which
may create a sudden impact and change in the processing of information.
In a classroom setting, for example, you are being grouped into five or six members for an
activity. Your task is to give an opinion or reaction to the closure of the biggest television network
in the Philippines. Each of you expresses your thoughts regarding the matter. While having that
activity, you also heard the JHS graders having their dance practice for the upcoming event. That
noise did not interrupt your discussion as you give your own views. This situation is an example of a
transactional approach.
The communicator (source) encodes the message and transmits it through a channel. The
message transmitted may be affected by the noise (barrier). The receiver (recipient of the message)
decodes, processes, and filters the message for understanding and is now ready to give his own
feedback to the sender.
Transactional Communication Model

Fig 3. Transactional Model

Source: https://tinyurl.com/ybwyog2a. Date retrieved: May 25, 2020

The transactional model shows a circular process of interaction between the persons
involved in the communication, with each one actively participating and sharing ideas with one
another. They are the communicators actively exchanging information and reaction.
Feedback is given freely and deliberately to one another or to all members participating in
the communication transaction. The sender and the receiver may simultaneously exchange roles
as communicators. Since communication is deemed dynamic and progressive, the topic may also
change from time to time.
In this concept, the noise or barrier to communication is also taken into consideration for it
may directly or indirectly affect the smooth flow of communication. In the event that the message
was not clearly conveyed due to the barrier, the communication continues in order to clarify the
intended meaning of the sender. When the transmission is cut along the way due to the barrier, the
communicators work collaboratively to understand each other. Now, the sender becomes a receiver
of feedback (the response from the receiver) and the receiver also acts as sender providing
information in response to the message conveyed to him. In this way, the communication is made
more effective and complete.

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 What’s More

General Directions: Perform the activities below to better understand the

concept of communication and how it works. Follow the indicated directions for
each activity.

A. Directions: In the Venn diagram below, show the similarities and differences of the three
communication models.

For you, which model is most effective? Why?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

B. Directions: Identify the elements that constitute the communication process by answering the
crossword puzzle below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Across:
1. the reaction or response
provided by the
receiver of the
information.
4. the recipient of the
message sent

Down:

2. the
source of
the

information or message
3. the information or idea conveyed

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 5. the factor affecting the communication flow

C. Directions: Read the given situations and fill in the grid below by identifying the elements of
communication.

1. Rosa instructs her little brother to water the plants in their garden. However, she did not
notice that her brother was wearing headphones when she gave instructions. She learned too
late that her brother did not do what she told him.

source
2.
message
receiver
B barrier (if any)
Gerry bought a can of milk from the nearby store. As it was handed to him, he checked its expiration
date. He found out that the product is already expired and reported it to the storekeeper.

message
receiver
feedback (if any)

3. Trina’s mother sent her a ring and requested for a video call. The poor internet connection
did not make it possible. They resorted to just texting each other.

source
channel
B barrier (if any)

What I Have Learned

Answer the following questions:

1. What are the different communication models?

__________________________________________________________________________
2. What sets communication models different from each other?
__________________________________________________________________________
3. Why is feedback important in communication?
__________________________________________________________________________
4. When is communication process successful?
__________________________________________________________________________

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 Assessment

A. Directions: Write T if the statement is TRUE and write F if it is FALSE. Use a

separate sheet of paper.

1. There will be order and peace in the world without communication.

2. Along with the extensive revamp in most aspects of human life, ways of communication
also change.
3. Schramm Model is the most complicated example of human communication process.
4. In the interaction model, communication is a one-way process.
5. Communication is merely successful when conflict was absent in the process.

B. Directions: Read each item carefully then choose the letter that corresponds to your answer.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is an example of a one-way communication model?
A. A group of teenagers planning for a big event
B. The committee finding ways to reach for the less fortunate in their barangay.
C. The Philippine President delivering his SONA
D. A and B
2. You ask your sister to put on her mask every time she goes out and she nods in reply.
Which model of communication is presented here?
A. Interactive C. Linear
B. Conversational D. Transactional
3. Which model of communication portrays a multilayer of communication processes where
the characters and environment change overtime?
A. Interactive model C. Transactional model
B. Linear model D. ALL of the above
4. Which communication model focuses on the message sent to the recipient?
A. Interactive Model C. Transactional model
B. Linear Model D. A combination of A and B
5. A strong wind struck as Arnold and his father took turns in pulling the fishing boat to the
shore. Arnold cannot hear his father’s voice. Which affects the flow of the communication
process?
A. Arnold’s voice B. boat C. father D. wind
6. Myra submitted her report to her teacher online because of the enhanced community
quarantine. Which element is missing in the process?
A. channel B. encoding C. feedback D. receiver
7. The Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ) frightened many people here and there. On
his social media account, Joshua posted a status of dismay. Many supported his claim, but
others opposed it. His status acquired a hundred reactions and the comments thread rose to
75. What model of communication is exemplified?
A. Berlo’s Model C. Shannon-Weaver Model
B. Schramm Model D. Transactional Model
8. In the situation given in #12, what element of communication is NOT present?
A. barrier B. context C. feedback D. receiver
9. Which of the following is NOT a purpose of communication?
A. It connects the gaps among persons involved.
B. It narrows down issues and addresses it.
C. It offers solution to the community problems.
D. It paves a way to conflict.

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 10. What happens when the message is NOT clearly conveyed?
A. The communication continues.
B. The communicators end the communication process.
C. The recipient may get the wrong information to share with others.
D. The situation will never change.

ROSALES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

WORKSHEET

Name: 21st Century

Grade/ Literature from the
Subject:
Section: Philippines and the
World
Subj. Week/ 2, Quarter I
Teacher: Module:

Directions: Classify the appropriate components of communication that you can see inside
the box to its desired model of communication. Write your answers on the table presented
by filling it out. (12 points)

Shannon-Weaver Schramm Transactional

1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2.

3. 3. 3.

4. 4. 4.

circular process of interaction two-way topic may change from time to time
exchange of thoughts and ideas simultaneous no feedback one-way
noise/barrier may directly/indirectly affect the communication
example of linear communication encoding and decoding are the key components
consists of 6 elements of communication mother of all communication models

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II. Title of the Activity: Think of a scenario
Directions: Give at least 2 examples of situations or instances in each model of
communication. (6 points)

Shannon-Weaver Schramm Transactional

1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2.

III. Title of the Activity: Sample dialogue

Directions: Create a specific example that shows how this model illustrates various
components of communication. (5 points)

encode decode
Sender Message Channel Receiver
noise noise noise

Feedback

Example:

Sender: Mr. Santos

Encode: Spoken word
Message: “Will you marry me?”
……………………………………………

Sender:

Encode:

Message:

Channel:

Noise/barrier:

Decode:

Receiver:

Feedback:

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`

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 ROSALES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

WORKSHEET

Name: 21st Century

Grade/ Literature from the
Subject:
Section: Philippines and the
World
Subj. Week/ 2, Quarter I
Teacher: Module:

Directions: Classify the appropriate components of communication that you can see inside
the box to its desired model of communication. Write your answers on the table presented by
filling it out. (12 points)

Shannon-Weaver Schramm Transactional

1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2.

3. 3. 3.

4. 4. 4.

circular process of interaction two-way topic may change from time to time
exchange of thoughts and ideas simultaneous no feedback one-way
noise/barrier may directly/indirectly affect the communication
example of linear communication encoding and decoding are the key components
consists of 6 elements of communication mother of all communication models

II. Title of the Activity: Think of a scenario

Directions: Give at least 2 examples of situations or instances in each model of communication. (6
points)

Shannon-Weaver Schramm Transactional

1. 1. 1.

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 2. 2. 2.

III. Title of the Activity: Sample dialogue

Directions: Create a specific example that shows how this model illustrates various
components of communication. (5 points)

encode decode
Sender Message Channel Receiver
noise noise noise

Feedback

Example:

Sender: Mr. Santos

Encode: Spoken word
Message: “Will you marry me?”
……………………………………………

Sender:

Encode:

Message:

Channel:

Noise/barrier:

Decode:

Receiver:

Feedback:

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