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X Ray Ching

Pray stuff

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Isaac Appiah
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24 views6 pages

X Ray Ching

Pray stuff

Uploaded by

Isaac Appiah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BMEN 208 : MEDICAL IMAGING LAB 1

X-RAY MACHINE
Aim: To understand the construction of X ray machine used in medical examination center.
Objectives:
 Identified the working components of X-ray machine
 Understand the functions of the various components

X-rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation that can penetrate most objects, including the
human body, to produce images of internal structures. Here are the main parts of an X-ray
system and their functions:

1. X-ray Tube
The X-ray tube is the core component of the X-ray machine. It consists of several key parts:

Cathode: The cathode is a heated filament that emits electrons when heated. It is typically made
of tungsten due to its high melting point and efficient electron emission.
Anode: The anode is a metal target (often tungsten) that receives the high-speed electrons
emitted by the cathode. When these electrons collide with the anode, X-rays are produced.
Glass or Metal Enclosure: This enclosure maintains a vacuum around the cathode and anode to
allow the free movement of electrons without interference from air molecules.

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2. High-Voltage Generator
This component is crucial for providing the necessary high voltage required to produce X-rays in
the X-ray tube. It steps up the electrical power to the high levels needed for X-ray production.

3. Power Supply
The power supply provides the high voltage needed to accelerate the electrons from the cathode
to the anode. It also provides the current to heat the cathode.

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4. Control Panel
The control panel allows the radiographer to adjust the exposure settings, including the voltage
(kVp), current (mA), and exposure time. These settings influence the quality and intensity of the
X-ray beam.

5. Collimator
The collimator is a device attached to the X-ray tube that shapes and limits the X-ray beam. It
usually consists of adjustable lead shutters that can be positioned to restrict the size and shape of
the X-ray field, reducing patient exposure and improving image quality by minimizing scatter
radiation.

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6. X-ray Table
The X-ray table supports the patient during the examination. It can often be adjusted in height
and angle to position the patient properly for the X-ray.

7. Detector or Film
There are two main types of detectors used to capture X-ray images:

Film: Traditional X-ray film is placed behind the patient. After exposure, the film is developed
to produce a visible image.

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Digital Detectors: These are more modern and can instantly convert X-rays into digital images.
There are two main types:
Computed Radiography (CR): Uses a cassette-based system where the image is captured on a
photostimulable phosphor plate, which is then read by a machine.
Digital Radiography (DR): Uses flat-panel detectors or charge-coupled devices (CCDs) to
directly capture the X-ray image and send it to a computer.

8. Image Processing and Display System


In digital systems, the captured images are processed and displayed on a computer monitor. This
system allows for post-processing adjustments such as contrast enhancement and image
magnification, which can aid in diagnosis.

9. Grids
Grids are placed between the patient and the detector to reduce the amount of scattered radiation
reaching the detector. This improves image contrast and clarity. They consist of thin strips of
lead alternating with strips of radiolucent material.

10. Protective Shielding


Lead aprons and thyroid shields are used to protect patients and technicians from unnecessary
radiation exposure. These are especially important when certain body parts do not need to be
imaged.

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