TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Exp.NO. Date Title of the Experiment Marks Signature
no.
EX.NO: 01
DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE (DDL)
DATE:
AIM:
To create a table using Data Definition Language (DDL).
DDL COMMANDS:
1. Create
2. Drop
3. Alter
4. Truncate
5. Comment
6. Rename
CREATE A TABLE:
SQL> create table Students (ROLL_NO number(3), NAME varchar(20), SUBJECT varchar(20));
Table created.
INSERTING INTO TABLE:
SQL> insert into Students(ROLL_NO,NAME,SUBJECT)values(100,'ARUNA','DBMS');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Students(ROLL_NO,NAME,SUBJECT)values(101,'Gayatri','DBMS');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Students(ROLL_NO,NAME,SUBJECT)values(102,'Aashi','OOPs');
1 row created.
SQL> select * from Students;
ALTER TABLE:
1. ADD A COLUMN INTO THE TABLE:
SQL> alter table Students add DEPARTMENT varchar(5);
Table altered.
SQL> update Students set DEPARTMENT = 'MCA' where ROLL_NO = '100';
1 row updated.
SQL> update Students set DEPARTMENT = 'MCA' where ROLL_NO = '101';
1 row updated.
SQL> update Students set DEPARTMENT = 'MCA' where ROLL_NO = '102';
1 row updated.
SQL> select * from Students;
2. MODIFY THE COLUMN IN THE TABLE:
SQL> alter table Students modify DEPARTMENT varchar(12);
Table altered.
SQL> select * from Students;
3. DROP THE COLUMN FROM THE TABLE:
SQL> alter table Students drop column SUBJECT;
Table altered.
SQL> select * from Students;
RENAME:
SQL> alter table Students rename to student;
Table altered.
SQL> select * from student;
TRUNCATE:
SQL> truncate table student;
Table truncated.
SQL> select * from student;
DROP THE TABLE:
SQL> drop table student;
Table dropped.
RESULT:
EX.NO: 2
DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE (DML)
DATE:
AIM:
To modify a table using Data Manipulation Language (DML).
DML COMMANDS:
1. Insert
2. Update
3. Delete
CREATE TABLE:
SQL> create table Customer_Table (CUS_ID number(5)primary key,CUS_NAME varchar(15)
NOT NULL,PH_NUM number(10)UNIQUE,CUS_PLACE varchar(15) DEFAULT 'PONDICHERRY');
Table created.
1. INSERT:
SQL> insert into Customer_table
(CUS_ID,CUS_NAME,PH_NUM)values(500,'ARUNA',8300053166);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Customer_table
(CUS_ID,CUS_NAME,PH_NUM)values(501,'AASHI',7865899399);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into Customer_table
(CUS_ID,CUS_NAME,PH_NUM)values(502,'GAYATRI',987654329);
1 row created.
SQL> select * from Customer_Table;
2. UPDATE:
SQL> alter table Customer_Table add AMT_PURCHASED number(10);
Table altered.
SQL> update Customer_Table set AMT_PURCHASED = '5000' where CUS_ID = '500';
1 row updated.
SQL> update Customer_Table set AMT_PURCHASED = '4500' where CUS_ID = '501';
1 row updated.
SQL> update Customer_Table set AMT_PURCHASED = '6700' where CUS_ID = '502';
1 row updated.
SQL> select * from Customer_Table;
3. DELETE A ROW FROM THE TABLE:
SQL> delete from Customer_Table where CUS_NAME ='ARUNA';
1 row deleted.
SQL> select * from Customer_Table;
RESULT:
EX.NO: 3
DATA CONTROL LANGUAGE (DCL)
DATE:
AIM:
To store and retrieve a table using data through Data Control Language (DCL).
DCL COMMANDS:
1. Grant
2. Revoke
CREATING A TABLE:
SQL> create table employee2(e_id number(5),e_name varchar(20),dob date,salary
number(10)
INSERTING INTO TABLE:
SQL> insert into employee2(e_id,e_name,dob,salary,designation)values(800,'aruna','20-jan-
2000',80000);
SQL> insert into employee2(e_id,e_name,dob,salary,designation)values(801,'aashi','20-may-
2000',90000);
SQL> select * from employee2;
CREATION OF NEW USER:
SQL> create user students1 identified by smvec;
SHOW USER:
SQL> show user;
GRANT:
SQL> grant create session to students1;
SQL> grant select on employee2 to students1;
REVOKE:
SQL> revoke select on employee2 from students1;
CONNECTING TO A NEW USER:
SQL> connect
Enter user-name: students1
Enter password:
RESULT:
EX.NO: 4
CONSTRAINTS AND BUILT – IN FUNCTIONS
DATE:
AIM:
To implement a table using constraints and built - in functions.
CREATING A TABLE:
SQL> create table CUS(C_ID number(5) primary key,C_NAME varchar(20) not null,DEPT
varchar(8),DOB date,SALARY number(10));
INSERTING INTO TABLE:
SQL> insert into CUS(C_ID,C_NAME,DEPT,DOB,SALARY)values(400,'ARUNA','FINANCE','20-
jan-2000','80000');
SQL> insert into CUS(C_ID,C_NAME,DEPT,DOB,SALARY)values(401,'AASHI','ECE','04-FEB-
2000','68000');
SQL> insert into CUS(C_ID,C_NAME,DEPT,DOB,SALARY)values(402,'GAYATRI','MECH','02-apr-
1999','85000');
SQL> insert into CUS(C_ID,C_NAME,DEPT,DOB,SALARY)values(403,'PREETHI','ARCHI','09-
may-1999','76000');
SQL> select * from CUS;
BUILT – IN FUNCTIONS:
SQL> select max(SALARY)from CUS;
SQL> select min(SALARY)from CUS;
SQL> select count(SALARY)from CUS;
SQL> select sum(SALARY)from CUS;
SQL> select avg(SALARY)from CUS;
RESULT:
EX.NO: 5
JOINS AND GROUP BY FUNCTIONS
DATE:
AIM:
To create a table and perform joins and group by functions.
JOINS:
1. Inner join
2. Natural join
3. Left outer join
4. Right outer join
5. Full outer join
TABLE 1:
CREATING A TABLE:
SQL> create table emp(E_NO number(5),E_NAME varchar(20));
INSERTING INTO TABLE:
SQL> insert into emp(E_NO,E_NAME)values(100,'ARUNA');
SQL> insert into emp(E_NO,E_NAME)values(101,'AASHI');
SQL> insert into emp(E_NO,E_NAME)values(102,'PREETHI');
SQL> select * from emp;
TABLE 2:
CREATING A TABLE:
SQL> create table emp1(E_NO number(5),E_RANK number(5),PH_NO number(10));
INSERTING INTO TABLE:
SQL> insert into emp1(E_NO,E_RANK,PH_NO)values(100,1,8300053166);
SQL> insert into emp1(E_NO,E_RANK,PH_NO)values(102,2,7896543232);
SQL> insert into emp1(E_NO,E_RANK,PH_NO)values(103,3,9832477493);
SQL> select * from emp1;
INNER JOIN:
SQL> select * from emp inner join emp1 on emp.E_NO = emp1.E_NO;
NATURAL JOIN:
SQL> select * from emp natural join emp1;
LEFT OUTER JOIN:
SQL> select * from emp left outer join emp1 on emp.E_NO = emp1.E_NO;
RIGHT OUTER JOIN:
SQL> select * from emp right outer join emp1 on emp.E_NO = emp1.E_NO;
FULL OUTER JOIN:
SQL> select * from emp full outer join emp1 on emp.E_NO = emp1.E_NO;
GROUP BY FUNCTIONS:
CREATING A TABLE:
SQL> create table book(B_ID number(5),B_NAME varchar(12),AUTHOR_NAME varchar(15),PUB
varchar(10),year number(5),price number(10));
INSERTING INTO TABLE:
SQL> insert into
book(B_ID,B_NAME,AUTHOR_NAME,PUB,YEAR,PRICE)values(001,'JAVA','BALA','PEARSON',200
0,500);
SQL> insert into
book(B_ID,B_NAME,AUTHOR_NAME,PUB,YEAR,PRICE)values(002,'C++','STROUSTRUP','PEARS
ON',1989,800);
SQL> insert into
book(B_ID,B_NAME,AUTHOR_NAME,PUB,YEAR,PRICE)values(003,'DBMS','SUDHARSHAN','PHI',
2002,450);
SQL> insert into
book(B_ID,B_NAME,AUTHOR_NAME,PUB,YEAR,PRICE)values(004,'C','YASHWANTH','MCHILL',2
010,250);
SQL> select * from book;
SQL> update book set AUTHOR_NAME = 'BALA' where B_ID = '4';
SQL> select * from book;
SQL> select AUTHOR_NAME,sum(PRICE)"TOTAL" from book group by AUTHOR_NAME;
RESULT:
EX.NO: 6
SIMPLE PROGRAMS IN SQL
DATE:
AIM:
To implement a table using simple programs in sql.
CREATING A TABLE:
SQL> create table emp(E_ID int not null,E_NAME varchar(12)not null,AGE int not null,SALARY
number(10));
INSERTING INTO TABLE:
SQL> insert into emp(E_ID,E_NAME,AGE,SALARY)values(800,'ARUNA',21,80000);
SQL> insert into emp(E_ID,E_NAME,AGE,SALARY)values(801,'AASHI',22,83000);
SQL> insert into emp(E_ID,E_NAME,AGE,SALARY)values(802,'PREETHI',23,67000);
SQL> select * from emp;
PROGRAMS:
SQL> declare
2 name varchar(12);
3 salary number;
4 begin
5 select E_NAME,salary into name,SALARY from emp
6 where E_ID = 802;
7 dbms_output.put_line('Customer:'||name);
8 dbms_output.put_line('Salary:'||salary);
9 end;
10 /
OUTPUT:
WHILE LOOP:
SQL> declare
2 n number;
3 i number:=0;
4 begin
5 dbms_output.put_line('WHILE LOOP');
6 n:=&n;
7 while i<=n
8 loop
9 dbms_output.put_line(i);
10 i:=i+2;
11 end loop;
12 end;
13 /
Enter value for n: 7
old 6: n:=&n;
new 6: n:=7;
OUTPUT:
FOR LOOP:
SQL> declare
2 n number;
3 begin
4 dbms_output.put_line('FOR LOOP');
5 n:=&n;
6 for i in 1..n
7 loop
8 dbms_output.put_line(i);
9 end loop;
10 end;
11 /
Enter value for n: 8
old 5: n:=&n;
new 5: n:=8;
OUTPUT:
RESULT:
EX.NO: 7
SQL PROGRAMS USING FUNCTIONS
DATE:
AIM:
To create a table using functions.
CREATING A TABLE:
SQL> create table emp(e_id int not null,e_name varchar(10)not null,age int not null,salary
number);
INSERTING INTO TABLE:
SQL> insert into emp(e_id,e_name,age,salary)values(800,'aruna',21,80000);
SQL> insert into emp(e_id,e_name,age,salary)values(801,'aashi',22,87000);
SQL> insert into emp(e_id,e_name,age,salary)values(802,'preethi',23,78000);
SELECT:
SQL> select * from emp;
CREATING A FUNCTION:
SQL> create or replace function func(s number)
2 return number is
3 salary number;
4 begin
5 select salary into salary from emp
6 where e_id = 801;
7 return salary;
8 end;
9 /
OUTPUT:
CALLING A FUNCTION:
SQL> declare
2 salary number;
3 e_no number;
4 begin
5 e_no := &e_no;
6 salary := func(e_no);
7 dbms_output.put_line('Salary: '||salary);
8 end;
9 /
OUTPUT:
RESULT:
EX.NO: 8
SQL PROGRAMS USING PROCEDURES
DATE:
AIM:
To create a table and to implement the procedures.
CREATING A TABLE:
SQL> create table product(p_id number,p_name varchar(20),p_available varchar(15));
INSERTING INTO TABLE:
SQL> insert into product(p_id,p_name,p_available)values(300,'chocolates','100 packs');
SQL> insert into product(p_id,p_name,p_available)values(301,'shampoo','250 packs');
SQL> insert into product(p_id,p_name,p_available)values(301,'cereals','50 packs');
SQL> select * from product;
PROGRAM:
SQL> create or replace procedure p_available(x number)as
2 p_id varchar2(15);
3 s_name varchar2(15);
4 begin
5 select p_available into p_id
6 from product where p_id = x;
7 select p_name into s_name
8 from product where p_id = x;
9 dbms_output.put_line('Product Name:'||s_name);
10 dbms_output.put_line('Product:'||p_id);
11 end;
12 /
OUTPUT:
RESULT:
EX.NO: 9
SQL PROGRAMS USING TRIGGERS
DATE:
AIM:
To create a table and implementing triggers.
TABLE 1:
CREATING A TABLE:
SQL> create table emp(e_id number,e_name varchar(10),dept varchar(8),salary number(8),exp
number(5));
INSERTING INTO TABLE:
SQL> insert into emp(e_id,e_name,dept,salary,exp)values(500,'aruna','FD',80000,5);
SQL> insert into emp(e_id,e_name,dept,salary,exp)values(500,'aashi','IT',65000,2);
SQL> insert into emp(e_id,e_name,dept,salary,exp)values(502,'preethi','IT',76000,1);
SQL> insert into emp(e_id,e_name,dept,salary,exp)values(503,'gayu','cse',89000,4);
SQL> select * from emp;
TABLE 2:
CREATING A TABLE:
SQL> create table emp1 (e_id number(3),e_name varchar(10),b_date date,e_salary
number(10));
INSERTING INTO TABLE:
SQL> insert into emp1(e_id,e_name,b_date,e_salary)values(500,'aruna','20-jan-2000',80000);
SQL> insert into emp1(e_id,e_name,b_date,e_salary)values(502,'preethi','17-may-2000',76000);
SQL> insert into emp1(e_id,e_name,b_date,e_salary)values(503,'gayu','02-apr-1999',89000);
SQL> select * from emp1;
PROGRAM:
CREATING TRIGGER:
SQL> create or replace trigger e_salary
2 after update of salary on emp
3 for each row
4 begin
5 insert into emp1(e_id,e_name,b_date,e_salary)
6 values(:new.e_id,:new.e_name,sysdate,:new.salary);
7 end;
8 /
OUTPUT:
UPDATE:
SQL> update emp set salary = salary+2500.0 where exp>3 and exp<7;
SQL> select * from emp;
SQL> select * from emp1;
RESULT:
Ex No: 10
STUDENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
Date:
Aim: To create an application for Student Information System in Visual Basic.
Procedure:
1. Create a table exam with necessary attributes.
2. Design a form in VB with the necessary fields.
3. Using connection string establish connection to Oracle server through VB
application.
4. Write code for inserting, deleting, updating and viewing the records.
//Table creation
CREATE TABLE exam
(
id NUMBER,
name VARCHAR2(15),
gen VARCHAR2(6),
dep VARCHAR2(10),
yr NUMBER,
sems VARCHAR2(10),
sub1 NUMBER,
sub2 NUMBER,
sub3 NUMBER,
tot NUMBER,
cg NUMBER,
rest VARCHAR2(10)
);
//Form design
//Code
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using Oracle.DataAccess.Client;
namespace exam
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
OracleConnection conn = new OracleConnection("Data Source=XE;User
Id=system;Password=password;");
OracleCommand cmd;
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
dept.Items.Add("IT");
dept.Items.Add("CSE");
dept.Items.Add("ECE");
dept.Items.Add("EEE");
dept.Items.Add("MECH");
sem.Items.Add("I");
sem.Items.Add("II");
sem.Items.Add("III");
sem.Items.Add("IV");
sem.Items.Add("V");
sem.Items.Add("VI");
sem.Items.Add("VII");
sem.Items.Add("VIII");
year.Items.Add("1");
year.Items.Add("2");
year.Items.Add("3");
year.Items.Add("4");
}
private void save_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
String g;
if (male.Checked == true)
g = "male";
else
g="female";
conn.Open();
cmd = new OracleCommand("Insert into
exam(id,name,gen,dep,yr,sems,sub1,sub2,sub3,tot,cg,rest) values('" +
regno.Text +
"','" + name.Text + "','"+dept.Text+"','"+g+"','"+year.Text+"',
'"+sem.Text+"','"+m1.Text+"','"+m2.Text+"','"+m3.Text+"',
'"+total.Text+"','"+cgpa.Text+"','"+res.Text+"')", conn);
MessageBox.Show("Records Inserted Successfully");
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
conn.Close();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}
}
private void select_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
conn.Open();
cmd = new OracleCommand("select * from exam", conn);
OracleDataReader dr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
while (dr.Read())
{
if (dr["id"].ToString() == regno.Text)
{
string sname= dr["name"].ToString();
if (dr["gen"].ToString() == "male")
Convert.ToBoolean(male.Checked = true);
else
Convert.ToBoolean(female.Checked = true);
string sdept= dr["dep"].ToString();
string syear= dr["yr"].ToString();
string ssem = dr["sems"].ToString();
string sm1 = dr["sub1"].ToString();
string sm2= dr["sub2"].ToString();
string sm3 = dr["sub3"].ToString();
string stot= dr["tot"].ToString();
string scgpa = dr["cg"].ToString();
string sres= dr["rest"].ToString();
name.Text = sname;
dept.Text=sdept;
year.Text=syear;
sem.Text=ssem;
m1.Text=sm1;
m2.Text=sm2;
m3.Text=sm3;
total.Text=stot;
cgpa.Text=scgpa;
res.Text = sres;
}
}
dr.Close();
cmd.Dispose();
conn.Dispose();
}
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}
}
private void exit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this.Close();
}
private void calc_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
String rest;
int mar1, mar2, mar3, t;
float c;
mar1 = int.Parse(m1.Text);
mar2 = int.Parse(m2.Text);
mar3 = int.Parse(m3.Text);
t = mar1 +mar2 + mar3;
c = (t)/29 ;
if (mar1>=50 && mar2>=50 && mar3 >= 50)
rest = "Pass";
else
rest = "Fail";
total.Text = t.ToString();
cgpa.Text = c.ToString();
res.Text = rest;
}
private void report_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Form2 f=new Form2();
f.Show();
}
}
}
private void update_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
conn.Open();
cmd = new OracleCommand(" UPDATE exam set name='" + name.Text +
"'
WHERE id = '" + regno.Text + "'", conn);
MessageBox.Show("Records updated Successfully");
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
conn.Close();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}
}
private void delete_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
conn.Open();
cmd = new OracleCommand(" DELETE from exam WHERE id = '" +
regno.Text + "'", conn);
MessageBox.Show("Records deleted Successfully");
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
conn.Close();
}
//Output
//Select
//Insert
//Select
//Delete
//Select
//Report
Result:
