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Top 25 Eca Viva Questions

Top 25 Eca Viva Questions

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Akash Deshmukhe
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153 views3 pages

Top 25 Eca Viva Questions

Top 25 Eca Viva Questions

Uploaded by

Akash Deshmukhe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Basic Concepts

1. What is an electronic circuit?


An electronic circuit is a system of interconnected components (resistors, capacitors,
inductors, transistors, etc.) designed to perform a specific function such as
amplification, signal processing, or switching.

2. What is Ohm's Law?


Ohm's Law states that the current (II) through a conductor is directly proportional to
the voltage (VV) across it and inversely proportional to its resistance (RR):
I=VRI = \frac{V}{R}

3. What is the difference between active and passive components?

 Active components: Require external power to operate (e.g., transistors, diodes).


 Passive components: Do not require external power and rely on circuit power (e.g., resistors,
capacitors, inductors).

4. Define a node and a branch in a circuit.

 Node: A point where two or more components are connected.


 Branch: A single path containing one or more components between two nodes.

5. What is Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL)?


KVL states that the algebraic sum of all voltages in a closed loop is zero.
∑V=0\sum V = 0

2. Circuit Analysis Techniques

6. What is the purpose of Thevenin’s Theorem?


Thevenin's Theorem simplifies a complex circuit into an equivalent circuit with a
single voltage source and series resistance.

7. What is Norton’s Theorem?


Norton's Theorem reduces a complex circuit into an equivalent circuit with a single
current source in parallel with a resistance.

8. What is superposition theorem?


The superposition theorem states that in a linear circuit with multiple sources, the total
response is the sum of individual responses from each source, with others replaced by
their internal impedances.

9. What is the difference between DC and AC analysis?

 DC Analysis: Examines circuits with constant voltage and current sources.


 AC Analysis: Analyzes circuits with time-varying voltage and current sources.
10. What is the purpose of a load line in electronic circuits?
A load line represents the relationship between current and voltage in a circuit and
helps find the operating point of nonlinear devices like diodes and transistors.

3. Diode and Rectifiers

11. What is the difference between a half-wave and full-wave rectifier?

 Half-wave rectifier: Converts only one half of the AC signal to DC.


 Full-wave rectifier: Converts both halves of the AC signal to DC, using either a center-tap
transformer or a bridge rectifier.

12. What is the purpose of a filter in rectifiers?


Filters remove the AC ripple from the rectified output to produce a smooth DC
voltage.

13. What is a Zener diode?


A Zener diode allows current to flow in the reverse direction when the applied voltage
reaches the Zener breakdown voltage, making it ideal for voltage regulation.

14. What is a clamping circuit?


A clamping circuit shifts the DC level of a signal without changing its shape, using
diodes and capacitors.

15. What is the difference between forward and reverse bias in a diode?

 Forward bias: Voltage is applied in the direction that allows current to flow through the
diode.
 Reverse bias: Voltage is applied in the opposite direction, blocking current flow except for
leakage or breakdown.

4. Transistor Amplifiers

16. What is the purpose of biasing in a transistor?


Biasing ensures that the transistor operates in the correct region (e.g., active region for
amplification) by setting the proper DC operating point.

17. What are the different configurations of a transistor?

 Common Emitter (CE): High gain, widely used for amplification.


 Common Base (CB): High-frequency response, low input impedance.
 Common Collector (CC): High input impedance, used for impedance matching.

18. What is the function of an emitter bypass capacitor?


An emitter bypass capacitor allows AC signals to pass while maintaining stable DC
biasing, improving the gain of the amplifier.
19. What is a hybrid-π\pi model?
The hybrid-π\pi model is a small-signal equivalent circuit of a transistor used to
analyze its high-frequency performance.

20. What is a differential amplifier?


A differential amplifier amplifies the difference between two input signals and
suppresses any common-mode signals.

5. Oscillators and Feedback Circuits

21. What is an oscillator?


An oscillator is a circuit that generates a periodic waveform (sine, square, etc.)
without requiring an input signal.

22. What is the Barkhausen Criterion?


The Barkhausen Criterion states that for sustained oscillations, the loop gain of the
feedback circuit must be unity (Aβ=1A\beta = 1) and the phase shift around the loop
must be 0° or 360°.

23. What is the difference between positive and negative feedback?

 Positive feedback: Enhances the input signal, used in oscillators.


 Negative feedback: Reduces distortion and improves stability, used in amplifiers.

24. What is the purpose of a Wien Bridge Oscillator?


A Wien Bridge Oscillator generates low-frequency sine waves using RC networks
and an operational amplifier.

25. How does a phase-shift oscillator work?


A phase-shift oscillator uses RC networks to produce a phase shift of 180°, and with
the 180° phase shift from the amplifier, total phase shift becomes 360° for sustained
oscillations.

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