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6 views

Lab Report 2

Uploaded by

voroda6131
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Use of oscilloscope and signal generator

222010020109 Harun Genç


232010020042 Zainabu Sumeya Hassan
232010020003 Dilara Aksoy
INTRODUCTION
In this experiment, we will explore the use of an oscilloscope and signal generator
in order for use to know how to measure different types of waveforms, Such as
sine and square waves. Oscilloscopes are tools used to visually represent signal
voltage over time. While signal generator generates information given like the
frequency and others then transfers the visual to the oscilloscope. By adjusting
frequency, duty cycle and voltage peek to peek we can see how these changes
affect the waveform. We can also use the oscilloscope to measure automatic or
calculate the parameters. The aim of this experiment is to learn and know the
diverse ways we can use the oscilloscope and the signal generator .

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
Assignment I
A sine wave with a frequency of 1 kHz and 8 Vpp was generated. The
signal was connected to one of the oscilloscope inputs and DC coupling
was selected. a) The sine wave was observed by pressing the auto button.

(Figure1)

Vpp value was found with Figure1. Vpp value consists of four grids and each
vertical grid is 2V.
Vpp= 4 x 2V= 8V

The wave’s Vrms value and frequency were found by using formulas.

Frequency(f)= 1/Period(T)

The period was found with Figure1. The wave repeats every two grids, and each
horizontal grid is 500 milliseconds .So the period is.

T= 2 x 500 µs = 1000 µs = 1 ms .

f= 1/1ms= 1/0.001 Hz=1/1=KHz.

Therefore, the frequency is 1 KHz.

Vrms can be found by the formula VRMS=Vp×0.7071

Vpp= 2 grid x 2V= 4V

Vrms=4 x 0.7071=2.828 V

The values we see in Figure2 and Figure3 shows how we used the oscilloscope
machine to automatic measure the values.

(Figure2) (Figure3)

When we rotate the horizontal scale and position values, we observe that the sine
wave moves left and right as we can see in Figure4.
(figure4)

(Figure5)

f) When we rotate the vertical scale and position values, we observe that the sine
wave moves up and down as we can see in Figure5.

We set the DC offset to -2 V and pressed the auto button. Setting DC offset to –2V
means we are shifting the signal down by 2V. Then we observed the wave in
Figure6 and Figure7.

(Figure6) (Figure7)
We selected the GROUND coupling and AC coupling settings in turn.

When we selected ground coupling, our wave did not move in the vertical direction
that means zero voltage in Figure8.

(figure 8)

(Figure9)

When we select AC coupling, the wave shows us the voltage passing through in
Figure9.

Assignment II
Without disconnecting v1(t), we generated another sine wave v2(t) with a frequency
of 1 kHz and a value of 5 Vpp. We connected the wave to the other channel of the
oscilloscope and selected DC coupling for both channels and pressed the aoto button.
We can observe in Figure10.
(Figure10)

We obtained and plotted the voltage difference between the signals. We used the math
function on the oscilloscope to find the voltage difference.

(Figure11)
The red sine wave means V1(t) - V2(t) in Figure11.

We counted the grids to find the period and Vpp of the red sine wave.

T= 2 x 500 µs = 1000 µs = 1 ms

Vpp= 6 x 2V = 12V

Assignment III

We obtained a square wave of 10 Vpp and 2 kHz using the square function on the
oscilloscope and set the duty cycle to 70%. We connected it to one of the
oscilloscope channels. We observed the wave by clicking on Auto. a) We observed
the wave in Figure 12.
(Figure12)

A 70% duty cycle means that for 70% of the period, the signal is at its high state,
and for the remaining 30%, it is at its low state. The signal will be high for 70% of
the time (70% of one grid or cycle) and low for 30% of the time (30% of the same
grid). We can obtain in Figure13.

(Figure13)

b) When we pressed the invert button, we observed that the graph inverted.
Inversion flips the signal vertically. We can obtain it in Figure14.

(Figure14)
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, we explored the general analysis, and measurement of various
waveforms using an oscilloscope, which enhance our understanding of signal
characteristics and measurement techniques.Expreriment 1, involved generating an 8
Vpp sine wave at 1 kHz, where we examined key properties like peak-to-peak voltage
(Vpp) and period through DC coupling. We calculated the root mean square (Vrms)
value, confirming the theoretical relationships between Vpp and Vrms, while
automatic measurements verified our calculations. Adjusting horizontal and vertical
scales illustrated their effects on waveform display, and exploring DC offset
demonstrated how reference levels can be visualized.Experiment 2, introduced a
second sine wave of 5 Vpp at 1 kHz, allowing us to plot the voltage difference and
investigate phase and amplitude effects. Using cursors for measurement reinforced the
importance of precision in signal analysis.Experiment 3,shifted to a square wave of 10
Vpp, 2 kHz with a 70% duty cycle. The "Invert" function highlighted how waveform
polarity influences interpretation, and adjusting time and voltage divisions showcased
the oscilloscope's flexibility with high-frequency signals. These assignments provided
valuable hands-on experience with oscilloscopes, deepening our understanding of
electronic signals and preparing us for future applications in engineering and
technology.

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