Matrices Exercises
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thedreamcampusMatrices Exercise 1 :
Single Option Correct Type Questions
n This section contains 30 multiple choice questions. −1 2 5
Each question has four choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) out of 8. The rank of the matrix 2 −4 a − 4 is
which ONLY ONE is correct
1 −2 a + 1
1. If A 5 = O such that A n ≠ I for 1 ≤ n ≤ 4, then ( I − A ) −1 is
(where a = − 6)
equal to (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
(a) A 4 (b) A 3
0 1 −1
(c) I + A (d) None of these
a b c 9. A is an involutory matrix given by A = 4 −3 4 , the
2. Let A = p q r and suppose that det ( A ) = 2, then 3 −3 4
x y z A
inverse of will be
4 x 2a − p 2
A −1
det ( B ) equals, where B = 4y 2b −q
A
(a) 2A (b) (c) (d) A 2
2 2
4z 2c −r
10. Let A be a nth order square matrix and B be its adjoint,
(a) −2 (b) −8 (c) −16 (d) 8
then | AB + kI n |, is (where k is a scalar quantity)
1 1 (a) (| A | + k )n − 2 (b) (| A | + k )n
3. If both A − I and A + I are orthogonal matrices, then
2 2 (c) (| A | + k )n − 1 (d) (| A | + k )n + 1
(a) A is orthogonal
(b) A is skew-symmetric matrix of even order 11. If A and B are two square matrices such that
3
(c) A 2 = I B = − A −1 BA, then ( A + B ) 2 is equal to
4
(a) O (b) A 2 + B 2
(d) None of the above
(c) A 2 + 2 AB + B 2 (d) A + B
x 1 x 3 − 16x
4. Let a = lim − , b = lim , 12. If matrix A = [aij ]3 × 3 , matrix B = [bij ]3 × 3 , where
x → 1 ln x x ln x x → 0 4x + x 2
ln (1 + sin x ) aij + a ji = 0 and bij − b ji = 0, then A 4 ⋅ B 3 is
c = lim and
x→0 x (a) skew-symmetric matrix (b) singular
(c) symmetric (d) zero matrix
( x + 1)
3
a b
d = lim , then is 13. Let A be a n × n matrix such that A n = αA, where α is a
x → −1 3[sin ( x + 1) − ( x + 1)] c d
(a) idempotent (b) involutory real number different from 1 and −1. The matrix A + I n is
(c) non-singular (d) nilpotent (a) singular (b) invertible
(c) scalar matrix (d) None of these
1 4 −1 + i 3 −1 − i 3
5. Let A = . If θ is the angle between the two
3 2 14. If A = 2i 2i , i = −1 and f ( x ) = x + 2,
2
non-zero column vectors X such that AX = λX for some 1 + i 3 1 − i 3
scalar λ, then tan θ is equal to 2i 2i
(a) 3 (b) 5 then f ( A ) equals to
(c) 7 (d) 9
1 0 3 − i 3 1 0
(b)
6. If a square matrix A is involutory, then A 2n + 1 is equal to (a)
0 1
2 0 1
(a) I (b) A
5 − i 3 1 0 1 0
(c) A 2 (d) (2n + 1 ) A (c) (d) (2 + i 3 )
2 0 1 0 1
cos θ sin θ An
7. If A = , then lim is (where θ ∈ R) 15. The number of solutions of the matrix equation X 2 = I
− sin θ cos θ n→∞ n
(a) a zero matrix (b) an identity matrix other than I is
0 1 0 1 (a) 0 (b) 1
(c) (d) (c) 2 (d) more than 2
−1 0 0 − 1
16. If A and B are square matrices such that A 2006 = 0 and 24. If A and B are different matrices satisfying A 3 = B 3 and
AB = A + B, then det ( B ) equals to A 2 B = B 2 A, then
(a) −1 (b) 0 (a) det ( A 2 + B 2 ) must be zero
(c) 1 (d) None of these (b) det ( A − B ) must be zero
π π (c) det ( A 2 + B 2 ) as well as det ( A − B ) must be zero
cos 6 sin 6 1 1 (d) atleast one of det ( A 2 + B 2 ) or det ( A − B ) must be zero
17. If P = ,A = and Q = PAP , then
T
π π 0 1
− sin cos 25. If A is a skew-symmetric matrix of order 2 and B, C are
6 6
1 4 9 −4
P T Q 2007 P is equal to matrices , respectively, then
2 9 −2 1
1 3 / 2 1 2007
(a) (b) A 3 ( BC ) + A 5 ( B 2 C 2 ) + A 7 ( B 3 C 3 ) + K
0 2007 0 1
3 / 2 2007 3 / 2 −1 / 2 + A 2n + 1 ( B n C n ), is
(c) (d) (a) a symmetric matrix (b) a skew-symmetric matrix
0 1 1 2007
(c) an identity matrix (d) None of these
18. There are two possible values of A in the solution of the a b c q −b y
−1
2A + 1 −5 A − 5 B 14 D
26. If A = x y z, B = − p a − x and if A is
matrix equation = ,
−4 A 2A − 2 C E F p q r r −c z
where A, B, C, D, E, F are real numbers. The absolute invertible, then which of the following is not true?
value of the difference of these two solutions, is (a) | A | = | B |
8 11 1 19
(a) (b) (c) (d) (b) | A | = − | B |
3 3 3 3 (c) | adj A | = | adj B |
cos 2 θ cos θ sin θ − sin θ (d) A is invertible ⇔ B is invertible
π
19. If f (θ) = cos θ sin θ sin 2 θ cos θ , then f is 2 1 3 4
7 27. Let three matrices A = ,B = and
sin θ − cos θ 0 4 1 2 3
(a) symmetric (b) skew-symmetric 3 −4 ABC A( BC ) 2
C = , then tr ( A ) + tr + tr
(c) singular (d) non-singular −2 3 2 4
20. In a square matrix A of order 3 the elements aii ’s are the A( BC ) 3
+ tr + K + ∞ equals to
sum of the roots of the equation x − (a + b ) x + ab = 0;
2
8
ai , i + 1 ’s are the product of the roots, ai , i − 1 ’s are all unity (a) 4 (b) 9 (c) 12 (d) 6
and the rest of the elements are all zero.
28. If A is non-singular and ( A − 2I ) ( A − 4 I ) = O, then
1 4
The value of the det ( A ) is equal to A + A −1 is equal to
6 3
(a) 0 (b) (a + b ) 3 (a) O (b) I
(c) a − b 3 3
(d) (a 2 + b 2 ) (a + b ) (c) 2I (d) 6I
21. If A and B are two non-singular matrices of the same 0 1 2 1 / 2 −1 / 2 1 / 2
order such that B r = I for some positive integer r > 1.
29. If A = 1 2 3 and A = −4
−1
3 b, then
Then A −1 B r − 1 A − A −1 B −1 A is equal to 3 a 1 5 / 2 −3 / 2 1 / 2
(a) I (b) 2I (c) 0 (d) −I
cos θ sin θ 1 0 (a) a = 1, b = − 1 (b) a = 2, b = −
1
22. If A = ,B = ,C = ABA , then
T
sin θ − cos θ −1 1
2
1 1
A T C n A, n ∈ I + equals to (c) a = − 1, b = 1 (d) a = , b =
2 2
−n 1 1 −n 0 1 1 0
(a) (b) (c) (d) x 3 2
1 −
−n 1
1 0 0
30. Given the matrix A = 1 y 4. If xyz = 60 and
1 n
23. If A is a square matrix of order 3 such that | A | = 2, then 2 2 z
| ( adj A −1 ) −1 | is 8x + 4y + 3z = 20, then A ( adj A ) is equal to
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 8 (a) 64I (b) 88I (c) 68I (d) 34I
Matrices Exercise 2
More than One Correct Option Type Questions
n This section contains 15 multiple choice questions. 39. Let A and B are two matrices such that AB = BA, then
Each question has four choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) out of for every n ∈ N
which MORE THAN ONE may be correct.
(a) An B = BAn
1 1 1
(b) ( AB )n = An Bn
31. If A = 1 1 1 , then
(c) ( A + B )n = nC 0An + nC1An − 1B + K + nCn Bn
1 1 1
(d) A 2n − B 2n = ( An − Bn ) ( An + Bn )
(a) A 3 = 9 A (b) A 3 = 27 A
(c) A + A = A 2 (d) A −1 does not exist 40. If A and B are 3 × 3 matrices and | A | ≠ 0, which of the
following are true?
32. A square matrix A with elements from the set of real
−1 (a) | AB | = 0 ⇒ | B | = 0
numbers is said to be orthogonal if A ′ = A . If A is an
orthogonal matrix, then (b) | AB | = 0 ⇒ B = 0
−1
(a) A′ is orthogonal (b) A is orthogonal (c) | A −1 | = | A | −1
(c) adj A = A′ (d) | A −1 | = 1 (d) | A + A | = 2 | A |
1 2 2 41. If A is a matrix of order m × m such that
33. Let A = 2 1 2, then A 2 + A + 2I = O, then
2 2 1 (a) A is non-singular (b) A is symmetric
1 1
(a) A 2 − 4 A − 5 I 3 = O (b) A −1 = (A − 4I 3 ) (c) | A | ≠ 0 (d) A −1 = − ( A + I )
5 2
3
(c) A is not invertible (d) A 2 is invertible
42. If A 2 − 3A + 2I = 0, then A is equal to
34. D is a 3 × 3 diagonal matrix. Which of the following
(a) I (b) 2I
statements are not true? 3 −2 3 1
(a) DT = D (c) (d)
1 0
−2 0
(b) AD = DA for every matrix A of order 3 × 3
(c) D −1 if exists is a scalar matrix 43. If A and B are two matrices such that their product AB is
(d) None of the above a null matrix, then
−1 2 5 (a) det A ≠ 0 ⇒ B must be a null matrix
35. The rank of the matrix 2 −4 a − 4, is
(b) det B ≠ 0 ⇒ A must be a null matrix
1 −2 a + 1 (c) atleast one of the two matrices must be singular
(a) 2, if a = − 6 (b) 2, if a = 1 (d) if neither det A nor det B is zero, then the given statement
(c) 1, if a = 2 (d) 1, if a = − 6 is not possible
3 −3 4 44. If D 1 and D 2 are two 3 × 3 diagonal matrices where none
36. If A = 2 −3 4, then of the diagonal elements is zero, then
(a) D1D2 is a diagonal matrix
0 −1 1
(b) D1D2 = D2D1
(a) adj ( adj A ) = A (b) | adj ( adj ( A ) | = 1 (c) D12 + D22 is a diagonal matrix
(c) | adj ( A ) | = 1 (d) None of these
(d) None of the above
37. If B is an idempotent matrix and A = I − B, then C k2 − 1 0
(a) A = A
2
(b) A = I
2 45. Let, C k = n C k for 0 ≤ k ≤ n and A k = for
0 C k2
(c) AB = O (d) BA = O k ≥ 1 and
38. If A is a non-singular matrix, then k 0
A1 + A 2 + A 3 + K + An = 1 , then
−1
(a) A is symmetric if A is symmetric 0 k 2
(b) A −1 is skew-symmetric if A is symmetric (a) k1 = k2 (b) k1 + k2 = 2
(c) | A −1 | = | A | (c) k1 = Cn − 1
2n
(d) k2 = 2nCn + 1
(d) | A −1 | = | A | −1
Matrices Exercise 3 :
Passage Based Questions
n This section contains 6 passages. Based upon each of Passage IV (Q. Nos. 54 to 56)
the passage 3 multiple choice questions have to be 1 0 0
Let A = 2 1 0 be a square matrix and C 1, C 2 , C 3 be three
answered. Each of these questions has four choices (a),
(b), (c) and (d) out of which ONLY ONE is correct.
3 2 1
Passage I (Q. Nos. 46 to 48) 1 2 2
Suppose A and B be two non-singular matrices such that column matrices satisfying AC 1 = 0, AC 2 = 3 and AC 3 = 3
AB = BA m , Bn = I and A p = I , where I is an identity matrix.
0 0 1
46. If m = 2 and n = 5, then p equals to 1
of matrix B. If the matrix C = ( A ⋅ B ).
(a) 30 (b) 31 3
(c) 33 (d) 81 54. The value of det( B −1 ), is
47. The relation between m, n andp, is 1 1
(a) 2 (b) (c) 3 (d)
(a) p = mn 2
(b) p = m − 1 n 2 3
(c) p = n − 1m
(d) p = mn − 1 55. The ratio of the trace of the matrix B to the matrix C, is
9 5 2 3
48. Which of the following ordered triplet (m, n, p ) is false? (a) − (b) − (c) − (d) −
5 9 3 2
(a) (3, 4, 80) (b) (6, 3, 215)
(c) (8, 3, 510) (d) (2, 8, 255) 56. The value of sin −1 (det A ) + tan −1 (9 det C ), is
π π 3π
(a) (b) (c) (d) π
Passage II (Q. Nos. 49 to 51) 4 2 4
a b c
Passage V (Q. Nos. 57 to 59)
Let A = b c a is an orthogonal matrix and abc = λ (< 0).
If A is symmetric and B skew-symmetric matrix and A + B is
c a b non-singular and C = ( A + B )−1( A − B ).
49. The value of a 2 b 2 + b 2 c 2 + c 2 a 2 , is 57. C T ( A + B ) C equals to
(a) 2λ (b) −2 λ
(a) A + B (b) A − B
(c) λ 2 (d) −λ (c) A (d) B
50. The value of a 3 + b 3 + c 3 , is 58. C T ( A − B )C equals to
(a) λ (b) 2λ (a) A + B (b) A − B (c) A (d) B
(c) 3λ (d) None of these
T
59. C AC equals to
51. The equation whose roots are a, b, c , is (a) A + B (b) A − B
(a) x 3 − 2 x 2 + λ = 0 (b) x 3 − λ x 2 + λx + λ = 0 (c) A (d) B
(c) x 3 − 2 x 2 + 2 λx + λ = 0 (d) x 3 ± x 2 − λ = 0
Passage VI (Q. Nos. 60 to 61)
Passage III (Q. Nos. 52 to 53) Let A be a square matrix of order 3 satisfies the matrix equation
Let A = [aij ]3 × 3 . If tr is arithmetic mean of elements of rth row A 3 − 6A 2 + 7 A − 8I = O and B = A − 2I . Also, det A = 8.
and aij + a jk + aki = 0 holds for all 1 ≤ i , j , k ≤ 3. 60. The value of det( adj ( I − 2A −1 )) is equal to
52. ∑∑ aij is not equal to (a)
25
(b)
125
1 ≤i j ≤ 3 16 64
64 16
(a) t1 + t 2 + t 3 (b) zero (c) (d)
(c) (det( A )) 2 (d) t1t 2t 3 125 25
B − 1
p
53. Matrix A is 61. If adj = B, where p, q ∈N, the least value of
q
(a) non-singular 2
(b) symmetric ( p + q ) is equal to
(c) skew-symmetric (a) 7 (b) 9 (c) 29 (d) 41
(d) neither symmetric nor skew-symmetric
Matrices Exercise 4 :
Single Integer Answer Type Questions
n This section contains 10 questions. The answer to each question is a single digit integer, ranging
from 0 to 9 (both inclusive).
and x ⊆ N , the minimum value of Σ (cos θ + sin θ),
x x
62. Let A, B, C , D be (not necessarily) real matrices such
that A T = BCD ;B T = CDA; C T = DAB and D T = ABC nπ
θ ∈ R − , n ∈ I is
for the matrix S = ABCD, the least value of k such that 2
S k = S is 67. If A is an idempotent matrix and I is an identity matrix
1 tan x of the same order, then the value of n, such that
63. If A = and a function f ( x ) is defined as
− tan x 1 ( A + I )n = I + 127 A is
3a b c
f ( x ) = det ( A T A − 1 ) and if f ( f ( f ( f ... f ( x )))) is (n ≥ 2) λ,
68. Suppose a, b, c ∈ R and abc = 1, if A = b 3c a is such
the value of 2 λ is
c a 3b
λ 21 λ 1λ 2 λ 1λ 3
that A T A = 4 1/ 3 I and | A | > 0, the value of a 3 + b 3 + c 3 is
64. If the matrix A = λ 2 λ 1 λ 22 λ 2 λ 3 is idempotent,
λ 3 λ 1 λ 3 λ 2 0 1 0
λ 23 69. If A = and ( A + A + A + A + I ) V = 11 ,
8 6 4 2
3 0
the value of λ 21 + λ 22 + λ 23 is
where V is a vertical vector and I is the 2 × 2 identity
65. Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix given by A = [aij ]. If for every matrix and if λ is sum of all elements of vertical vector
column vector X , X T AX = O and a 23 = − 1008, the sum V, the value of 11λ is
3 2
of the digits of a 32 is 70. Let the matrix A and B be defined as A = and
3 1 2 1
66. Let X be the solution set of the equation A x = I , where B= , then the absolute value of det (2A 9 B − 1 ) is
0 1 − 1 7 3
A = 4 − 3 4 and I is the corresponding unit matrix 0 α a − 1 b − 1
71. Let A = and ( A + I ) 70 − 70A = , the
3 − 3 4 0 0 c − 1 d − 1
value of a + b + c + d is
Matrices Exercise 5 :
Matching Type Questions
n
This section contains 4 questions. Question 72 has four statements (A, B, C and D) given in Column I and four
statements (p, q, r and s) in Column II and questions 73 to 75 have four statements (A, B, C and D) given in
Column I and five statements (p, q, r, s and t) in Column II. Any given statement in Column I can have correct
matching with one or more statement(s) given in Column II.
72. Suppose a, b, c are three distinct real numbers and f ( x ) is a real quadratic polynomial such that
4a 1 f ( −1) 3a + 3a
2
4a 2
2
4b 4b 1 f (1) = 3b 2 + 3b .
4c 2 4c 1 f (2) 3c 2 + 3c
Column I Column II
(A) x-coordinate(s) of the point of intersection of y = f (x ) with the X-axis is (p) −2
(B) 3 (q) 1
Area (in sq units) bounded by y = f (x ) and the X-axis is
2
(C) Maximum value of f (x ) is (r) 2
(D) Length (in unit) of the intercept made by y = f (x ) on the X-axis is (s) 4
73. If A is non-singular matrix of order n × n, Column I Column II
(D) If the equations x + y = 1, (t) 9
Column I Column II
(c + 2)x + (c + 4 ) y = 6,
(A) adj (A −1) is (p) A (det A) n−2 (c + 2)2 x + (c + 4 )2 y = 36 are consistent
(B) det (adj ( A −1 )) is (q) (det A) n−1 (adj A) and c1 , c2 (c1 > c2 ) are two values of c, then
(C) adj (adj A) is (r) adj (adj A ) c1 c2 is divisible by
(det A )n−1
(D) adj (A det (A)) is (s) (det A) 1−n
75. Column I Column II
(A) If C is skew-symmetric matrix (p) invertible
(t) A
of order n and X is n × 1column
(det A )
matrix, then X TCX is
74. Column I Column II (B) If A is skew - symmetric, then (q) singular
(A) If A is a diagonal matrix of order 3 × 3 is (p) 3 I − A is, where I is an identity
commutative with every square matrix of matrix of order A.
order 3 × 3 under multiplication and tr 0 1 1 (r) symmetric
( A ) = 12, then | A | is divisible by If S = 1 0 1 and
(C)
(q) 4 1 1 0
(B) Let a, b, c ∈ R + and the system of equations (r) 6 b + c c − a b − a
(1 − a)x + y + z = 0 , x + (1 − b) y + z = 0, A = c − b c + a a − b
x + y + (1 − c)z = 0
b − c a − c a + b
has infinitely many solutions. If λ be the (a, b, c ≠ 0), then SAS −1 is
minimum value of a b c, then λ is divisible by
(D) If A , B , C are the angles of a (s) non-singular
(C) Let A = [ aij ]3 × 3 be a matrix whose (s) 8 triangle, then the matrix
elements are distinct integers from 1, 2, 3,
..., 9. The matrix is formed so that the sum sin 2 A sin C sin B
of the numbers is every row, column and A = sin C sin 2 B sin A is
each diagonal is a multiple of 9. If number sin B sin A sin 2C
of all such possible matrices is λ, then λ is
(t) non-invertible
divisible by
Matrices Exercise 6 :
Statement I and II Type Questions
n
Directions (Q. Nos. 76 to 85) are Assertion-Reason 77. Statement-1 If A and B are two square matrices of order
type questions. Each of these questions contains two n × n which satisfy AB = A and BA = B, then
statements: ( A + B ) 7 = 2 6 ( A + B ).
Statement-1 (Assertion) and Statement-2 (Reason)
Statement-2 A and B are unit matrices.
Each of these questions also has four alternative
choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You 78. Statement-1 For a singular matrix A, if AB =AC ⇒ B = C
have to select the correct choice as given below. Statement-2 If | A | = 0, then A − 1 does not exist.
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2
is a correct explanation for Statement-1 79. Statement-1 If A is skew-symmetric matrix of order 3,
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 then its determinant should be zero.
is not a correct explanation for Statement-1 Statement-2 If A is square matrix,
(c) Statement1 is true, Statement-2 is false det ( A ) = det ( A ′ ) = det ( − A ′ ).
(d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true 80. Let A be a skew-symmetric matrix, B = ( I − A ) ( I + A ) −1
76. Statement-1 If matrix A = [aij ]3 × 3 , B = [bij ]3 × 3 , where and X andY be column vectors conformable for
multiplication with B.
aij + a ji = 0 and bij − b ji = 0, then A B is non-singular
4 5
Statement-1 ( BX )T ( BY ) = X T Y
matrix.
Statement-2 If A is non-singular matrix, then | A | ≠ 0. Statement-2 If A is skew-symmetric, then ( I + A ) is
non-singular.
664 Textbook of Algebra
83. Statement-1 A = [aij ] be a matrix of order 3 × 3, where
81. Statement-1 Let a 2 × 2 matrix A has determinant 2. If i−j
aij = cannot be expressed as a sum of symmetric
B = 9 A 2 , the determinant of B T is equal to 36. i + 2j
and skew-symmetric matrix.
Statement-2 If A, B and C are three square matrices i−j
Statement-2 Matrix A = [aij ]n × n , aij = is neither
such that C = AB, then | C | = | A | | B |. i + 2j
1 − 1 − 1 symmetric nor skew-symmetric.
82. Statement-1 If A = 1 − 1 0 , then 84. Statement-1 If A, B, C are matrices such that
1 0 − 1 | A 3 × 3 | = 3, | B 3 × 3 | = − 1 and | C 2 × 2 | = 2, | 2ABC | = − 12.
Statement-2 For matrices A, B, C of the same order
A 3 + A 2 + A = I. | ABC | = | A | | B | | C |.
Statement-2 If 85. Statement-1 The determinant of a matrix A = [aij ]n ×n ,
det ( A − λ I ) = C 0 λ 3 + C 1λ 2 + C 2 λ + C 3 = 0, where aij + a ji = 0 for all i and j is zero.
then C 0 A 3 + C 1 A 2 + C 3 A + C 3 I = O . Statement-2 The determinant of a skew-symmetric
matrix of odd order is zero.
Matrices Exercise 7 :
Subjective Type Questions
n In this section, there are 12 subjective questions. Office superintendent ` 500, Head clerk ` 200, cashier
86. If S is a real skew-symmetric matrix, the show that I − S ` 175, clerks and typist
` 150 and peon ` 100. Using matrix notation find
is non-singular and matrix
(i) the total number of posts of each kind in all the offices
A = ( I + S )( I − S ) −1 = ( I − S ) −1 ( I + S ) is orthogonal. taken together,
87. If M is a 3 × 3 matrix, where det M = I and MM T = I , (ii) the total basic monthly salary bill of each kind of office
where I is an identity matrix, prove that det ( M − I ) = 0. (iii) the total basic monthly salary bill of all the offices taken
together.
cos α − sin α cos 2β sin 2β
88. If A = ,B= , where 92. In a development plan of a city, a contractor has taken a
sin α cos α sin 2β − cos 2β
contract to construct certain houses for which he needs
π
0 < β < , then prove that BAB = A −1 . Also, find the least building materials like stones, sand etc. There are three
2 firms A, B, C that can supply him these materials. At one
value of α for which BA 4 B = A −1 . time these firms A, B, C supplied him 40, 35 and 25 truck
89. Find the product of two matrices loads of stones and 10, 5 and 8 truck loads of stone and
cos 2 θ cos θ sin θ cos 2 φ cos φ sin φ sand, respectively. If the cost of one truck load of stone
A= B = and sand are ` 1200 and 500 respectively, find the total
cos θ sin θ sin θ cos φ sin φ sin 2 φ
2
amount paid by the contractor to each of these firms A,
Show that, AB is the zero matrix if θ and φ differ by an B, C separately.
π
odd multiple of . 1 a α aα
2 l 1 m1 n 1 93. Show that the matrix A = 1 b β bβ is of rank 3
90. Show that the matrix l 2 m 2 n 2 is orthogonal, 1 c γ cγ
l 3 m 3 n 3
provided no two of a, b, c are equal and no two of α, β, γ
if l 12 + m12 + n 12
= Σl 12
=1= Σl 22
= Σl 32
and are equal.
l 1l 2 + m1m 2 + n 1n 2 = Σl 1l 2 = 0 = Σ l 2 l 3 = Σl 3 l 1 . 94. By the method of matrix inversion, solve the system.
91. A finance company has offices located in every division, 1 1 1 x u 9 2
every district and every taluka in a certain state in India. 2 5 7 y v = 52 15
Assume that there are five divisions, thirty districts and 2 1 − 1 z w 0 − 1
200 talukas in the state. Each office has one head clerk,
one cashier, one clerk and one peon. A divisional office 95. If x 1 = 3y 1 + 2y 2 − y 3 , y 1 = z 1 − z 2 + z 3
has, in addition, one office superintendent, two clerks, x 2 = − y 1 + 4y 2 + 5y 3 , y 2 = z 2 + 3z 3
one typist and one poen. A district office, has in x 3 = y 1 − y 2 + 3y 3 , y 3 = 2z 1 + z 2
addition, one clerk and one peon. The basic monthly express x 1 , x 2 , x 3 in terms of z 1 , z 2 , z 3 .
salaries are as follows:
96. For what values of k the set of equations a 1 0 a 1 1 f a 2 x
2x − 3y + 6z − 5t = 3, y − 4z + t = 1, A = 1 b d , B = 0
d c ,U = g , V = 0 , X = y
4 x − 5y + 8z − 9t = k has
1 b c f g h h 0 z
(i) no solution? (ii) infinite number of solutions?
97. Let A, B, U , V and X be the matrices defined as If AX = U has infinitely many solutions, show that BX = V
follows. cannot have a unique solution. If afd ≠ 0, show that BX = V
has no solution.
Matrices Exercise 8 :
Questions Asked in Previous 13 Year’s Exam
n This section contains questions asked in IIT-JEE, (i) The value of | U | is
AIEEE, JEE Main & JEE Advanced from year (a) 3 (b) − 3 (c) 3/2 (d) 2
2005 to year 2017. (ii) The sum of the elements of U is −1
1 0 0 1 0 0 (a) − 1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 3
98. A = 0 1 1 ; I = 0 1 0 and
3
0 − 2 4 0 0 1 (iii) The value of (3 2 0 ) U 2, is
1 0 [IIT- JEE 2006, 5+5+5M]
A − 1 = [A 2 + cA + dI ] where c , d ∈ R, the pair of (a) 5 (b) 5/2 (c) 4 (d) 3/2
6
values (c , d ) [IIT- JEE 2005, 3M] 1 2 a 0
103. Let A = and B = , a, b ∈ N . Then,
(a) (6, 11) (b) (6, − 11 ) (c) ( − 6, 11 ) (d) ( − 6, − 11 ) 3 4 0 b [AIEEE 2006, 4½M]
3 1 (a) there cannot exist any B such that AB = BA
2 , A = 1 1 and Q = PAP T , the
99. If P = 2 0 1
(b) there exist more than one but finite number of B ’s such that
1 3 AB = BA
− 2 2
(c) there exists exactly one B such that AB = BA
P (Q 2005
) PT equal to (d) there exist infinitely among B ’s such that AB = BA
[IIT- JEE 2005, 3M]
1 2005 3 / 1 2005 104. If A and B are square matrices of size n × n such that
(a) (b)
0 1 1 0 A 2 − B 2 = ( A − B ) ( A + B ), which of the following will be
1 2005 1 3 / 2 always true? [AIEEE 2006, 3M]
(c) (d)
3 / 2 1 0 2005
(a) A = B (b) AB = BA
(c) Either of A or B is a zero matrix
1 0 1 0 (d) Either of A or B is identity matrix
100. If A = and I = 0 1 , which one of the
1 1 5 5 α α
following holds for all n ≥ 1, (by the principal of 105. Let A = 0 α 5 α . If | A 2 | = 25, then | α | equals to
mathematical induction) [AIEEE 2005, 3M] 0 0 5 [AIEEE 2007, 3M]
(a) An = nA + (n − 1 ) I (b) An = 2n − 1 A + (n − 1 ) I (a) 5 2 (b) 1 (c) 1/5 (d) 5
(c) An = nA − (n − 1 ) I (d) An = 2n − 1 A − (n − 1 ) I 106. Let A and B be 3 × 3 matrices of real numbers, where A is
101. If A 2 − A + I = 0, then A −1 is equal to [AIEEE 2005, 3M] symmetric, B is skew-symmetric and ( A + B ) ( A − B )
(a) A −2
(b) A + I (c) I − A (d) A − I = ( A − B ) ( A + B ). If ( AB )t = ( − 1)k AB, where ( AB )t is the
transpose of matrix AB, the value of k is [IIT- JEE 2008, 1½M]
1 0 0
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
102. If A = 2 1 0 , U 1 , U 2 andU 3 are column matrices
3 2 1 107. Let A be a square matrix all of whose entries are integers.
Which one of the following is true? [AIEEE 2008, 3M]
1 2 2 (a) If det A ≠ ± 1, then A − 1 exists and all its entries are
satisfying AU 1 = 0 , AU 2 = 3 and AU 3 = 3 and non-integers
0 0 1 (b) If det A = ± 1, then A − 1 exists and all its entries are integers
(c) If det A = ± 1, then A − 1 need not exist
U is 3 × 3 matrix when columns are U 1 , U 2 , U 3 , then (d) If det A = ± 1, then A − 1 exists but all its entries are not
answer the following questions necessarily integers
108. Let A be a 2 × 2 matrix with real entries. Let I be the 2 × 2 112. Let p be an odd prime number and T p be the following
identity matrix. Denote by tr( A ), the sum of diagonal set of 2 × 2 matrices.
entries of A. Assume that A 2 = I . [AIEEE 2008, 3M]
a b
T p = A = ; a, b, c , ∈ {0, 1, 2, K , p − 1}
Statement-1 If A ≠ I and A ≠ − I , then det A = − 1. c a
Statement-2 If A ≠ I and A ≠ − 1, then tr( A ) ≠ 0. [IIT- JEE 2010, 3+3+3M]
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is a
correct explanation for Statement-1 (i) The number of A in Tp such that A is either symmetric or
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not skew-symmetric or both and det ( A ) divisible by p , is
a correct explanation for Statement-1 (a) ( p − 1 ) 2 (b) 2 ( p − 1 )
(c) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false (c) ( p − 1 ) 2 + 1 (d) 2 p − 1
(d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true
(ii) The number of A in Tp such that the trace of A is not
109. Let A be the set of all 3 × 3 symmetric matrices all of divisible by p but det ( A ) is divisible by p , is
whose entries are either 0 or 1. Five of these entries are [Note The trace of a matrix is the sum of its diagonal entries]
1 and four of them are 0. [IIT- JEE 2009, 4+4+4M] (a) ( p − 1 ) ( p 2 − p + 1 ) (b) p 3 − ( p − 1 ) 2
(i) The number of matrices in A is (c) ( p − 1 ) 2 (d) ( p − 1 ) ( p 2 − 2 )
(a) 12 (b) 6 (iii) The number of A in Tp such that det ( A ) is not divisible
(c) 9 (d) 3 by p, is
(ii) The number of matrices A for which the system of linear (a) 2 p 2 (b) p 3 − 5 p (c) p 3 − 3 p (d) p 3 − p 2
x 1 113. Let k be a positive real number and let
equations A y = 0 has a unique solution, is 2k − 1 2 k 2 k 0 2k − 1 k
z 0
A=2 k 1 − 2k and 1 − 2k 0 2 k .
(a) less than 4 (b) atleast 4 but less than 7 − 2 k 2k −1 − k −2 k 0
(c) atleast 7 but less than 10
(d) atleast 10 If det ( adj A ) + det ( adj B ) = 10 6 , then [k ] is equal to
(iii) The number of matrices A in which the system of linear [IIT- JEE 2010, 3M]
x 1 Note adj M denotes the adjoint of a square matrix M and [ k ]
equations A y = 0 is inconsistent is denotes the largest integer less than or equal to k}.
z 0 114. The number of 3 × 3 non-singular matrices, with four
(a) 0 (b) more than 2 entries as 1 and all other entries as 0, is [AIEEE 2010, 8M]
(a) 5 (b) 6
(c) 2 (d) 1
(c) atleast 7 (d) less than 4
110. Let A be a 2 × 2 matrix 115. Let A be a 2 × 2 matrix with non-zero entries and let
Statement-1 adj (adj A ) = A A 2 = I , where I is 2 × 2 identity matrix. Define
Statement-2 | adj A | = | A | [AIEEE 2009, 4M]
Tr( A ) = sum of diagonal elements of A and
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is a
| A | = determinant of matrix A.
correct explanation for Statement-1
Statement-1 Tr( A ) = 0
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not
a correct explanation for Statement-1 Statement-2 | A | = 1 [AIEEE 2010, 4M]
(c) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false (a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not
(d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
111. The number of 3 × 3 matrices A whose are either 0 or 1 (c) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
(d) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is a
x 1
correct explanation for Statement-1.
and for which the systemA y = 0 has exactly two
116. Let M and N be two 3 × 3 non-singular skew-symmetric
z 0
matrices such that MN = NM. If P T denotes the
distinct solutions, is [IIT- JEE 2010, 3M]
transpose of P, then M 2 N 2 ( M T N ) − 1 ( MN − 1 )T is equal
(a) 0 (b) 2 9 − 1
to [IIT- JEE 2011, 4M]
(c) 168 (d) 2
(a) M 2 (b) − N 2 (c) − M 2 (d) MN
117. Let a, b and c be three real numbers satisfying 121. Let P = [aij ] be a 3 × 3 matrix and Q = [bij ], where
1 9 7 bij = 2i + j aij for 1 ≤ i, j ≤ 3. If the determinant of P is 2,
[a b c ] 8 2 7 = [ 0 0 0]. …(E) the determinant of the matrix Q is
[IIT- JEE 2012, 3M]
7 3 7 (a) 211 (b) 212
(c) 213 (d) 210
(i) If the point P(a, b, c ), with reference to ( E ), lies on
the plane 2x + y + z = 1, then the value of 7a + b + c 122. If P is a 3 × 3 matrix such that P T = 2P + I , where P T is
is the transpose of P and I is the 3 × 3 identity matrix, then
(a) 0 (b) 12 (c) 7 (d) 6 x 0
(ii) Let ω be a solution of x 3 − 1 = 0 with Im(ω ) > 0. If there exists a column matrix X = y ≠ 0 such that
a = 2 with b and c satisfying ( E ), the value of
3 1 3 z 0
+ + is equal to 0 [IIT- JEE 2012, 3M]
ωa ωb ωc
(a) PX = 0 (b) PX = X (c) PX = 2 X (d) PX = − X
(a) − 2 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) − 3
0
(iii) Let b = 6 with a and c satisfying ( E ). If α and β are
1 4 4
the roots of the quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0,
n
123. If the adjoint of a 3 × 3 matrix P is 2 1 7 , then the
∞
1 1 1 1 3
then ∑ + is
n = 0 α β [IIT- JEE 2011, 3+3+3M] possible value(s) of the determinant of P is (are)
(a) 6 (b) 7 [IIT- JEE 2012, 4M]
6 (a) − 2 (b) − 1 (c) 1 (d) 2
(c) (d) ∞
7 1 0 0
118. Let ω ≠ 1 be a cube root of unity and S be the set of all 124. If A = 2 1 0 , u 1 and u 2 are the column matrices such
3 2 1
1 a b
non-singular matrices of the form ω 1 c , where 1
0
ω 2 ω 1 that Au 1 = 0 and Au 2 = 1 , then u 1 + u 2 is equal to
0 0
each of a, b and c is either ω or ω 2 . The number of [AIEEE 2012, 4M]
− 1 1 − 1 − 1
distinct matrices in the set S is [IIT- JEE 2011, 3M]
(a) 2 (b) 6 (a) − 1 (b) − 1 (c) 1 (d) 1
(c) 4 (d) 8 0 − 1 0 − 1
0 − 1 125. Let P and Q be 3 × 3 matrices with P ≠ Q. If P 3 = Q 3 and
119. Let M be a 3 × 3 matrix satisfying M 1 = 2 , P 2 Q = Q 2 P, the determinant of ( P 2 + Q 2 ) is equal to
0 3 [AIEEE 2012, 4M]
(a) 0 (b) − 1 (c) − 2 (d) 1
1 1 1 0
M − 1 = 1 and M 1 = 0 . 1 α 3
0 − 1 1 12 126. If P = 1 3 3 is the adjoint of a 3 × 3 matrix A and
2 4 4
The sum of the diagonal entries of M is [IIT- JEE 2011, 4M]
| A | = 4, then α is equal to [JEE Main 2013, 4M]
120. Let A and B are symmetric matrices of order 3. (a) 11 (b) 5 (c) 0 (d) 4
Statement-1 A ( BA ) and ( AB ) A are symmetric matrices.
Statement-2 AB is symmetric matrix, if matrix
127. For 3 × 3 matrices M and N, which of the following
multiplication of A with B is commutative. statement(s) is (are) not correct?
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not (a) N T MN is symmetric or skew-symmetric, according as M
a correct explanation for Statement-1 is symmetric or skew-symmetric
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false (b) MN − NM is skew-symmetric for all symmetric matrices
(c) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true M and N
(d) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is a (c) MN is symmetric for all symmetric matrices M and N
correct explanation for Statement-1 [AIEEE 2011, 4M] (d) ( adj M ) ( adj N ) = adj ( MN ) for all invertible matrices M
and N [JEE Advanced 2013, 4M]
128. Let ω be a complex cube root of unity with ω ≠ 1 and 5a − b
i+ j
134. If A = and A adjA = AA T , then 5a + b is equal
P = [p ij ] be a n × n matrix with p ij = ω . Then, p ≠ 0,
2
3 2
when n is equal to [JEE Advanced 2013, 3M] to [JEE Main 2016, 4M]
(a) 55 (b) 56 (c) 57 (d) 58 (a) 5 (b) 13
(c) 4 (d) −1
129. If A is a 3 × 3 non-singular matrix such that AA ′ = A ′ A
3 − 1 − 2
and B = A − 1 A ′, then BB′ equals to
135. Let P = 2 0 α, where α ∈ R. Suppose Q = [q ij ] is a
[JEE Main 2014, 4M]
(a) B − 1 (b) ( B − 1 )′ (c) I + B (d) I
3 − 5 0
130. Let M be a 2 × 2 symmetric matrix with integer entries. matrix such that PQ = kI , where k ∈ R, k ≠ 0 and I is the
Then, M is invertible, if k
identity matrix of order 3. If q 23 = − and
(a) the first column of M is the transpose of the second row of 8
M k2
(b) the second row of M is the transpose of the first column of det. (Q) = , then
2 [JEE Advanced 2016, 4M]
M
(c) m is a diagonal matrix with non-zero entries in the main (a) α = 0, k = 8 (b) 4α − k + 8 = 0
diagonal (c) det (Padj (Q)) = 2 9 (d) det (Q adj (P)) = 213
(d) the product of entries in the main diagonal of M is not the
−1 + 3i
square of an integer [JEE Advanced 2014, 3M] 136. Let z = , where i = − 1, and r, s = {1, 2, 3}.
2
131. Let M and N be two 3 × 3 matrices such that MN = NM.
( −z )r z 2s
Further, if M ≠ N 2 and M 2 = N 4 , then Let P = 2s and I be the identity matrix of
(a) determinant of ( M 2 + MN 2 ) is 0 z zr
(b) there is a 3 × 3 non-zero matrix U such that ( M 2 + MN 2 ) U
oreder 2. Then the total number of ordered pairs (r, s)
for which p 2 = − I is [JEE Advanced 2016, 3M]
is the zero matrix
1 1
(c) determinant of ( M 2 + MN 2 ) ≥ 1 (a) |a − b | (b) | a + b |
2 2
(d) for a 3 × 3 matrix U , if ( M 2 + MN 2 ) U equals the zero (c) | a − b | (d) | a + b |
matrix, then U is the zero matrix
[JEE Advanced 2014, 3M]
1 0 0
1 2 2
137. Let P = 4 1 0 and I be the identity matrix of order
132. If A = 2 1 − 2 is a matrix satisfying the equation 16 4 1
a 2 b [ ]
3. If Q = q iJ is a matrix such that P 50 − Q = I , then
AA = 9 I , where I is 3 × 3 identity matrix, then the
T q 31 + q 32
equals
ordered pair (a, b ) is equal to [JEE Main 2015, 4M] q 21 [JEE Advanced 2016, 3M]
(a) (2, 1) (b) ( − 2, − 1 ) (c) (2, − 1 ) (d) ( − 2, 1 ) (a) 52 (b) 103
(c) 201 (d) 205
133. Let X andY be two arbitrary 3 × 3 non-zero,
skew-symmetric matrices and Z be an arbitrary 3 × 3 2 − 3
138. If A = , then adj (3A + 12A ) is equal to
2
non-zero, symmetric matrix. Then, which of the following − 4 1 [JEE Main 2017, 4M]
matrices is (are) skew-symmetric? 72 − 63 72 − 84
(a) (b)
[JEE Advanced 2015, 4M]
− 84 51 − 63 51
(a) Y 3Z 4 − Z 4Y 3 (b) X 44 + Y 44
51 63 51 84
(c) X Z − Z X
4 3 3 4
(d) X 23 + Y 23 (c) (d)
84 72 63 72
Answers
68. (9) 69. (1) 70. (2) 71. (6)
72. (A) → (p, r); (B) → (s); (C) → (q); (D) → (s)
73. (A) → (r, t); (B) → (s); (C) → (p); (D) → (q)
74. (A) → (q, s); (B) → (p, t); (C) → (p, q, r, s); (D) → (q, s)
75. (A) → (q, t); (B) → (p, s); (C) → (p, r, s); (D) → (q, r, t)
76. (d) 77. (c) 78. (d) 79. (c) 80. (a) 81. (d)
82. (d) 83. (d) 84. (d) 85. (a)
2π cosθ cos φ cos (θ ∼ φ) cosθ sin φ cos(θ ∼ φ)
88. α = 89.
3 sin θ cos φ cos (θ ∼ φ) sin θ sin φ cos(θ ∼ φ)
91. (i) Number of posts in all the offices taken together are 5 office
superintendents; 235 head clerks; 235 cashiers; 275 clerks; 5
typists and 270 peons.
(ii) Total basic monthly salary bill of each division or district and
taluka offices an `1675, `875 and `625, respectively.
(iii) Total basic monthly salary bill of all the offices taken together
is ` 159625.
92. `53000; `44500; `34000, respectively
94. x = 1, u = −1, y = 3, v = 2, z = 5, w = 1
95. x1 = z1 − 2 z2 + 9 z3 , x2 = 9 z1 + 10 z2 + 11z3 , x3 = 7 z1 + z2 − 2 z3
Chapter Exercises
96. (i) k ≠ 7 (ii) k = 7
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (c) 6. (b)
98. (c) 99. (a) 100. (c)
7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (b) 11. (b) 12. (b)
13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (d) 16. (b) 17. (b) 18. (d) 101. (c) 102. (i) (a), (ii) (b), (iii) (a) 103. (b) 104. (b)
19. (d) 20. (d) 21. (c) 22. (d) 23. (c) 24. (d) 105. (c) 106. (b,d) 107. (d) 108. (c)
25. (b) 26. (a) 27. (d) 28. (b) 29. (a) 30. (c) 109. (i) (a), (ii) (b), (iii) (b)
31. (a, d) 32. (a, b, d) 33. (a, b, d) 34. (b, c) 110. (b) 111. (a)
35. (b, d) 36. (a, b, c) 37. (a, c, d) 38. (a, d) 112. (i) (d), (ii) (c), (iii) (d) 113. (4) 114. (c)
39. (a,c,d) 40. (a, c) 41. (a, c, d) 42. (a,b,c,d) 115. (b) 116. (c)
43. (c, d) 44. (a, b, c) 45. (a, c) 117. (i) (d), (ii) (a), (iii) (b)
46. (b) 47. (b) 48. (c) 49. (b) 50. (d) 51. (d) 118. (a) 119. (9) 120. (a) 121. (c)
52. (d) 53. (c) 54. (d) 55. (a) 56. (c) 57. (a) 122. (d) 123. (a, d) 124. (b) 125. (a) 126. (a) 127. (c,d)
58. (b) 59. (c) 60. (a) 61. (a) 128. (a,b,d) 129. (d) 130. (c, d) 131. (a, b) 132. (b) 133. (c, d)
62. (3) 63. (2) 64. (1) 65. (9) 66. (2) 67. (7) 134. (a) 135. (b,c) 136. (1) 137. (b) 138. (c)
ln (1 + sin x )
Solutions c = lim
x→ 0
= lim
x→ 0
x
ln (1 + sin x )
sin x
⋅ lim
(x + 1)3
sin x
x→ 0 x
= 1 ⋅1 = 1
d = lim
1. Q A (I − A ) = A I − A = A − 0 = A ≠ I
4 4 5 4 4
x → −1 3 [sin ( x + 1 ) − ( x + 1 )]
A 3( I − A ) = A 3 I − A 4 = A 3 − A 4 ≠ I 3(x + 1)2
= lim [using L’Hospital’s Rule]
x → −1 3 [cos ( x + 1 ) − 1 ]
(I + A ) (I − A ) = I 2 − A 2 = I − A 2 ≠ I
1
4 x 2a −p x a p = − lim = −2
x → −1 [1 − cos ( x + 1 )]
2. Q det ( B ) =
4y 2b −q = − 8
y b q
(x + 1)2
4z 2c −r z c r 2 −4
A= ⇒ A =0
2
Let,
x y z a b c
1 −2
= − 8
a b c
= 8 x y z
[by property]
5. Q (A − λ I ) X = 0
p q r p q r
∴ | A − λI | = 0
a b c
1 − λ 4
⇒ = 0
= − 8
p q r = − 8 det ( A ) = − 16 3 2 − λ
x y z ⇒ λ2 − 3 λ − 10 = 0
T
1 1 ∴ λ = − 2, 5
3. Q A − I A − I = I ...(i)
2 2 x 4
For λ = −2 ⇒ =
y −3
T
1 1
and A + I A + I = I ...(ii)
2 2 x 1
For λ =5 ⇒ =
1 T I y 1
⇒ A − I A − = I
2 2 4 ⋅ 1 + ( −3 ) ⋅ 1 1
∴ cos θ = =
1 T 1 (16 + 9 ) (1 + 1 ) 5 2
and A + I A + I = I
2 2
∴ tan θ = (sec2θ − 1 ) = 49 = 7
⇒ A + AT = 0 [subtracting the two results]
6. Q A 2n + 1 = ( A 2 )n ⋅ A = ( I )n ⋅ A = IA = A
⇒ AT = − A
cos θ sin θ
∴ A is skew-symmetric matrix. 7. Q A=
From first result, we get − sin θ cos θ
3 cos nθ sin nθ
AAT = I ∴ An =
4 − sin nθ cos nθ
3 lim cos nθ lim sin nθ
⇒ A2 = − I n→ ∞ n→ ∞
4 An n =
0 0
⇒ lim = n
n→ ∞ n − lim sin nθ lim cos nθ 0 0
| A 2 | = − I
3 n→ ∞
∴ n→ ∞
4 n n
n = a zero matrix [Q −1 < sin ∞ < 1 and −1 < cos ∞ < 1 ]
3
∴ | A |2 = − −1 2 5
4
8. Let A = 2 −4 −10 [Qa = − 6]
⇒ n is even.
1 −2 −5
x 1 x 2 − 1
4. Q a = lim − = lim Applying R2 → R2 + 2 R1 and R3 → R3 + R1, then
x → 1 ln x x ln x x → 1 x ln x
−1 2 5
= lim
2x A = 0 0 0 ⇒ ρ( A ) = 1
[by L’Hospital’s Rule]
x → 1 1 + ln x
0 0 0
x 3 − 16 x 9. Q A is involutory
b = lim
x → 0 4x + x 2 ∴ A 2 = I ⇒ A = A −1
x (x + 4) (x − 4) A
−1
= lim = lim ( x − 4 ) = − 4 ∴ = 2 A −1 = 2 A
x→ 0 x (x + 4) x→ 0 2
10. Q B = adj A ⇒ det ( B ) = det ( A ) ⋅ det ( B − I ) = 0
⇒ AB = A( adj A ) = | A | I n [Q A 2006 = 0 ⇒ det A 2006 = 0] [∴det A = 0]
∴ AB + kI n = | A | I n + kI n = (| A | + k ) I n 17. We have, P T = P −1 [Q PP T = I ]
⇒ | AB + kI n | = |(| A | + k ) I n | = (| A | + k ) n
Now, Q = PAP T = PAP −1
11. Q B = − A −1BA ∴ Q 2007
= PA 2007P −1
⇒ AB = − BA ∴ P T Q 2007P = P −1( PA 2007P −1 ) P
⇒ AB + BA = 0 1 2007
= A 2007 =
Now, (A + B )2 = (A + B ) (A + B ) 0 1
= A 2 + AB + BA + B 2 1 2 3 1 3
Q A = 0 1 , A = 0 1 , K
2
= A2 + 0 + B 2
= A2 + B 2 A − 5 B 2 A + 1 −5 14 D
18. Q 2 A − 2 C = −4 A E F
12. Since, A is skew-symmetric.
∴ |A|=0 ⇒ A − 5 = 28 A + 14 − 5 E
⇒ | A 4 B 3 | = | A 4 | | B 3 | = | A |4 | B |3 = 0
⇒ 5 E = 27 A + 19 ...(i)
13. Let B = A + In 2 A − 2 = − 56 + AE
∴ A = B − In ⇒ AE = 2 A + 54 ...(ii)
Given, An = αA From Eq. (i), we get
⇒ ( B − I n )n = α ( B − I n ) 5 AE = 27 A 2 + 19 A
⇒ Bn − nC1Bn − 1 + nC 2Bn − 2 + K + ( −1 )n I n ⇒ 5 (2 A + 54 ) = 27 A 2 + 19 A [from Eq. (ii)]
= αB − αIn ⇒ 27 A + 9 A − 270 = 0
2
⇒ B ( Bn − 1 − nC1Bn − 2 + nC 2Bn − 3 + K + ( −1 )n − 1 I n − αI n )
⇒ 9 ( A − 3 ) (3 A + 10 ) = 0
= [( −1 )n + 1 − α ] I n ≠ 0 [Qα ≠ ± 1] 10
∴ A = 3, A = −
Hence, B is invertible. 3
−1 + i 3 −1 − i 3 ∴ Absolute value of difference
14. Q ω = and ω 2 =
= 3 + =
2 2 10 19
Also, ω 3 = 1 and ω + ω 2 = − 1 3 3
−iω −iω 2 cos2 θ cos θ sin θ − sin θ
Thus, A = cos θ
iω iω
2
19. Q| f (θ ) | = cos θ sin θ sin 2 θ
−iω −iω 2 −iω −iω 2 −ω 2 + ω 0 sin θ − cos θ 0
∴ A2 = =
iω iω iω 2 iω −ω 2 + ω
2
0 On multiplying in R3 by cos θ and then take common cos θ
−ω 2 + ω 2 0 from C1, then
0
Now, f ( A ) = A 2 + 2 I = +
0 −ω + ω 0 2
2 cos θ cos θ sin θ − sin θ
| f (θ ) | =
sin θ sin 2 θ cos θ
−ω 2 + ω + 2 0
= sin θ − cos2 θ 0
0 −ω + ω + 2
2
Applying R2 → R2 − R3, we get
1 0 1 0
= ( −ω 2 + ω + 2 ) = (2 + i 3 ) cos θ cosθ sin θ − sin θ
0 1 0 1
| f (θ ) | =
0 1 cos θ = 1
15. Q X 2 = I ⇒ ( X −1X ) X = X −1I
sin θ − cos θ
2
0
⇒ IX = X −1
Applying C 2 → C 2 − sin θ C1, then
⇒ X = X −1
cos θ 0 − sin θ
which is self invertible involutory matrix. | f (θ ) | =
0 1 cos θ
= 1
There are many such matrices which are inverse of their own. θ −
sin 1 0
16. Q AB = A + B
π
∴ f is non-singular matrix.
⇒ B = AB − A = A( B − I ) 7
20. Q a11 = a 22 = a 33 = a + b, = A 3 + A 5 + A 7 + K + A 2n + 1
a12 = a 23 = ab, a 21 = a 32 = 1, a13 = a 31 = 0
= A( A 2 + A 4 + A 6 + K + A 2n )
a + b ab 0
0 a
∴ A= 1 a+b ab Let, A=
−a 0
0 1 a + b
−a 2 0
a + b ab 0 ⇒ A2 = 2
= − a 2I
⇒ | A | = 1 a + b ab 0 −a
0 1 a + b ∴ D = IA( −a 2 + a 4 − a 6 + K + ( −1 )n a 2n ) [a > 0 ]
= (a + b ) [(a + b ) − ab ] − ab (a + b ) = (a + b ) (a + b )
2 2 2 = A( −a + a − a + K + ( −1 ) a )
2 4 6 n 2n
Hence, D is skew-symmetric.
21. Given, Br = I ⇒ Br B −1 = IB −1
q −b y
⇒ B r − 1 = B −1 26. Q | B | = − p a − x
∴ A −1B r − 1A = A −1B −1A r − c z
⇒ A −1B r − 1A − A −1B −1A = 0 Applying R2 → ( −1 ) R2, then
cos θ sin θ q −b y
A= | B | =
p −a x
22. Here,
sin θ − cos θ
r −c z
⇒ AAT = I
Applying C 2 → ( −1 ) C 2, then
Q C = ABAT ⇒ AT C = BAT
q b y q p r
Now, AT C n A = AT C ⋅ C n − 1A
| B | =
p a x = | B | =
T
b a c
= BAT C n − 1A = BAT C C n − 2A
r c z y x z
= B 2AT C n − 2A b a c
... ... ... = −
q p r [ R1 ↔ R2 ]
= Bn − 1AT CA = Bn − 1( BAT ) A y x z
b a c
1 0 = [ R2 ↔ R3 0]
= Bn AT A = Bn I = Bn = y x z
−n 1 q p r
1
23. Q | adj A −1 | = | A −1 | 2 = a b c
| A |2 = −
x y z = − | A |
1
∴ | ( adj A −1 ) −1 | = = | A |2 = 22 = 4 p q r
| adj A −1 |
⇒ | B | = −| A|
24. Q A 3 − A 2B = B 3 − B 2A
Also, | adj B | = | B | 2
⇒ A 2( A − B ) = B 2( B − A ) = | A | 2 = | adj A | [Q| A | ≠ 0, then | B | ≠ 0 ]
or (A + B ) (A − B ) = 0
2 2
3 4 3 −4 1 0
27. Q BC = = =I
2 3 −2 3 0 1
or det ( A 2 + B 2 ) ⋅ det ( A − B ) = 0
ABC A( BC ) 2 A( BC ) 3
Either det ( A 2 + B 2 ) = 0 or det ( A − B ) = 0 ∴ tr ( A ) + tr + tr + tr +K
2 4 8
0 a
25. Let, A= , A A A
−a 0 = tr ( A ) + tr + tr 2 + tr 3 + K upto ∞
2 2 2
1 4 9 −4 1 0 1 1
BC = = =I = tr ( A ) + tr ( A ) + 2 tr ( A ) + K upto ∞
2 9 −2 1 0 1 2 2
tr ( A )
∴ B 2 C 2 = ( BC ) 2 = I 2 = I = = 2 tr ( A ) = 2 (2 + 1 ) = 6
1
1−
Similarly, B 2C 2 = B 3C 3 = K = BnC n = I 2
Let, D = A 3( BC ) + A 5( B 2 C 2 ) + A 7( B 3 C 3 ) 28. We have, (A − 2I ) (A − 4I ) = 0
2n + 1
+K+ A n n
(B C ) ⇒ A 2 − 4A − 2A + 8I 2 = 0
⇒ A 2 − 6A + 8I = 0 9 8 8 1 2 2 1 0 0
⇒ A − 1( A 2 − 6 A + 8 I ) = A − 1 0 = 8 9 8 − 4 2 1 2 − 5 0 1 0
8 8 9 2 2 1 0 0 1
⇒ A − 6 I + 8 A −1 = 0
1 4 0 0 0
⇒ A + A −1 = I
6 3 = 0 0 0 = 0
29. We have, AA −1 = I 0 0 0
1 −1 1 ⇒ 5 I 3 = A 2 − 4 A = A( A − 4 I 3 )
0 1 2 2 2 2 1 0 0
⇒ 1 2 3 −4 3 6 = 0 1 0 ⇒
1
I 3 = A( A − 4 I 3 )
1 0 5
3 a 1 5 3 0 1
− −1 1
2 2 2 ∴ A = (A − 4I 3 )
5
1 0 b + 1 1 0 0
Since, | A | = 5
⇒ 0 1 2 (b + 1 ) = 0 1 0
∴ | A 3 | = | A | 3 = 125 ≠ 0
4 (1 − a ) 3 (a − 1 ) ab + 2 0 0 1
⇒ A 3 is invertible
On comparing, we get
Similarly, A 2 is invertible.
b + 1 = 0, ab + 2 = 1, a − 1 = 0
∴ a = 1, b = − 1 a 0 0 a1 a 2 a 3
30. Q A ( adj A ) = | A | I ...(i) 34. Let, D = 0 b 0 = DT and let A = b1 b2 b3
x 3 2 0 0 c c1 c2 c 3
Now, | A | =
1 y 4 a 0 0 a1 a 2 a 3 aa1 aa 2 aa 3
2 2 z ∴ DA = 0 b 0 b1 b2 b3 = bb1 bb2 bb3
= x (yz − 8 ) − 3 (z − 8 ) + 2 (2 − 2y ) 0 0 c c1 c 2 c 3 cc1 cc 2 cc 3
= xyz − (8 x + 4y + 3 z ) + 28 a1 a 2 a 3 a 0 0 a1a a 2b a 3c
= 60 − 20 + 28 = 68 AD = b1 b2 b3 0 b 0 = b1a b2b b3c ≠ DA
From Eq. (i), A ( adj A ) = 68 I
c1 c 2 c 3 0 0 c c1a c 2b c 3c
31. Here, | A | = 0
1
∴ A −1 does not exist. a
0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 −1
1
and D = 0 0
Now, A = 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 3 3 3 = 3A
2
b
1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 0 0 1
c
∴ A 3 = A 2 ⋅ 2 = 3 A ⋅ A = 3 A 2 = 3(3 A ) = 9 A
1
32. Q A′ = A −1 ⇒ AA′ = I ...(i) | D −1 | = ≠0 [Qa ≠ 0, b ≠ 0, c ≠ 0 ]
abc
Now, ( A′ )′ A′ = I −1 2 5
∴ A′ is orthogonal 35. Let A = 2 −4 a − 4
From Eq. (i), ( AA′ ) −1 = I −1 1 −2 a + 1
⇒ ( A′ ) −1 A −1 = I Applying R2 → R2 + 2 R1 and R3 → R3 + R1, then
⇒ −1 −1
( A )′ ( A ) = I −1 2 5
A = 0 0 a + 6
∴ A −1 is orthogonal 0 0 a + 6
Since, adj A = A −1 | A | ≠ A′
1 Applying R3 → R3 − R2, then
and | A −1 | = =±1 [for orthogonal | A | = ± 1 ]
|A| −1 2 5
A = 0 0 a + 6
1 2 2 1 2 2 9 8 8
33. Q A = 2 1 2 2 1 2 = 8 9 8
2 0 0 0
2 2 1 2 2 1 8 8 9 For a = − 6 , ρ ( A ) = 1
For a = 1, 2 , ρ ( A ) = 2
We have, A − 4 A − 5 I 3
2
3 −3 4 d1 0 0 d 4 0 0
36. Here, | A | =
2 −3 4
44. Let D1 = 0 d 2 0 and D2 = 0 d 5 0
0 −1 1 0 0 d 3 0 0 d 6
= 3 ( −3 + 4 ) + 3 (2 − 0 ) + 4 ( −2 + 0 ) = 1 ≠ 0 1 4
d d 0 0
adj ( adj A ) = | A | 3 − 2 A = A ...(i) ∴ D1D2 = 0 d 2d 5 0 = D2D1
Q
and | adj ( A ) | = | A | 3 −1
=| A| =1 =1
2 2 0 0 d 3d 6
Also, | adj ( adj ( A )) | = | A | = 1 [from Eq. (i)] d12 0 0 d 42 0 0
37. Q A=I −B and D12 + D22 = 0 d 22 0 + 0 0 d 52
0 0 d 32 0 0 d 62
⇒ A 2 = I 2 + B 2 − 2B = I − B = A [Q B is idempotent]
and AB = B − B = B − B = 0
2
[null matrix] d12 + d 42 0 0
and BA = B − B = B − B = 0
2
[null matrix] = 0 d2 + d5
2 2
0
0 0 d 3 + d 6
2 2
38. Q | A | ≠ 0 ⇒ A −1
is also symmetric, if A is symmetric
−1 1 C 2 0 C12 0
and | A |= = | A | −1 45. A1 + A2 + A3 + K + An = 0 2
+ 2
|A| 0 C1 0 C 2
39. Q A 2B = A( AB ) = A( BA ) = ( AB ) A = ( BA ) A = BA 2 C 2 0 Cn2 − 1 0
+ 2 2 + K +
Similarly, A 3B = BA 3 0 C3 0 Cn2
In general, An B = BAn , ∀ n ≥ 1 C 2 + C12 + C 22 + K + Cn2 − 1 0
= 0 2
and ( A + B )n = nC 0An + nC1An − 1B 0 C1 + C 2 + C 3 + K + Cn
2 2 2
+ nC 2An − 2B 2 + K + nCn Bn C −1
2n
0 k1 0
= n =0 k [given]
n − 1
2n
Also, ( A − B ) ( A + B ) = A A + An Bn − Bn An − Bn Bn
n n n n n n 0 C 2
= A 2n − B 2n [Q AB = BA ] ∴ k1 = k2 = 2nCn − 1
40. | AB | = 0 ⇒ | A | | B | = 0 Passage (Q. Nos. 46 to 48)
∴ | B | = 0 as | A | ≠ 0 Q AB = BAm
Also, | A −1 | = | A | −1 ⇒ B = A −1BAm
41. Here, A( A + I ) = − 2I ...(i) ∴ Bn = (1 −1
BAm )( A −1BA
A 44444 m
)...( A −1BA3
m
)
244444
⇒ | A( A + I ) | = | − 2 I | = ( −2 ) ≠ 0
m n times
−1 m −1
Thus, | A | ≠ 0, =A 1 BAm −12
BA4444 ... BAm −1
4444
−1
BAm3 A …(i)
n times
1
also, I = − A( A + I ) [from Eq. (i)]
2 Given, AB = BAm
1 ⇒ AAB = ABAm = BA 2 m ⇒ AAAB = BA 3m
∴ A −1 = − ( A + I )
2 Similarly, A x B = BAmx ∀m ∈ N
42. Q A 2 − 3A + 2I = 0 ...(i) From Eq. (i), we get
⇒ A 2 − 3 AI + 2 I 2 = 0 B n = A −1BAm −1 BAm −1
14444 BAm −12
... BAm −1
4444
−1
BAm3 A
(n −1) times
⇒ (A − I ) (A − 2I ) = 0 −1 m −1 m −1 m −1 m −1 −1
= A B( A B )A BA444 ... BA BAm3 A
∴ A = I or A = 2 I 1 2444
(n − 2) times
Characteristic Eq. (i) is
= A −1BBA (m −1)m Am −1 1 m −1
BA444 ... BAm −1
2444
−1
BAm3 A
λ2 − 3 λ + 2 = 0 ⇒ λ = 1, 2 (n − 2) times
−1 2 (m 2 −1) m −1 −1 m −1
It is clear that alternate (c) and (d) have the characteristic =A B A ... BA
BA444
1 BAm3
2444 A
equation λ2 − 3 λ + 2 = 0. (n − 2) times
43. Q AB = 0 … … … …
−1 m (m n −1)
⇒ | AB | = 0 ⇒ | A | | B | = 0 = A B (A ) A
−1 (mn −1)
or ( det A ) ( det B ) = 0 I = A IA A [QB n = I ]
⇒ Either det A = 0 or det B = 0 I = A −1A (m
n
−1)
A = A −1Am
n
n
Hence, atleast one of the two matrices must be singular ⇒ I = A (m −1)
otherwise this statement is not possible.
∴ p = mn − 1 …(ii) [QA p = I ]
46. Put m = 2, n = 5 in Eq. (ii), we get a11 a12 a13
p = 2 − 1 = 31
5 and det A = a 21 a 22 a 23
47. From Eq. (ii), we get a 31 a 32 a 33
p =m −1 n
Applying C1 → C1 + C 2 + C 3, we get
48. From Eq. (ii), we get 0 a12 a13
510 ≠ 8 3 − 1 = 0 a 22 a 23 = 0
0 a 32 a 33
Passage (Q. Nos. 49 to 51)
∴ (det A ) = 0
2
Q A is an orthogonal matrix
∴ AAT = I 53. Q a11 + a11 + a11 = 0, a11 + a12 + a 21 = 0,
a b c a b c 1 0 0 a11 + a13 + a 31 = 0, a 22 + a 22 + a 22 = 0,
b c a b c a = 1 0 1 0 a 22 + a12 + a 21 = 0, a 22 + a 23 + a 32 = 0,
c a b c a b 0 0 1 a 33 + a13 + a 31 = 0, a 33 + a 23 + a 32 = 0
a 2 + b 2 + c 2 and a 33 + a12 + a 21 = 0, we get
ab + bc + ca ab + bc + ca 1 0 0
a11 = a 22 = a 33 = 0
ab + bc + ca a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ab + bc + ca = 0 1 0
and a12 = − a 21, a 23 = − a 32 , a13 = − a 31
ab + bc + ca ab + bc + ca a 2 + b 2 + c 2 0 0 1
Hence, A is skew-symmetric matrix.
By equality of matrices, we get
a2 + b2 + c2 = 1 …(i) Passage (Q. Nos. 54 to 56)
ab + bc + ca = 0 …(ii) α 1 β1 γ1
(a + b + c ) 2 + a 2 = b 2 + c 2 + 2(ab + bc + ca ) Let B = α 2 β 2 γ2
=1 + 0 =1 α 3 β 3 γ 3
∴ a+b+c=±1 …(iii) α 1 β1 γ1
49. Qa 2b 2 + b 2c 2 + c 2a 2 = (ab + bc + ca ) 2 − 2abc(a + b + c ) ∴
C1 = α 2 , C 2 = β 2 and C 3 = γ 2
= 0 − 2abc( ± 1 ) = m 2λ [Qabc = λ] α 3 β 3 γ 3
= − 2λ [Q λ < 0] α1 1
50. Q a 3 + b 3 + c 3 − 3abc = (a + b + c ) ⇒ AC1 = 2α 1 + α 2 = 0
(a + b + c − ab − bc − ca )
2 2 2
3α 1 + 2α 2 + α 3 0
⇒ a 3 + b 3 + c 3 − 3λ = ( ± 1 )(1 − 0 ) ⇒ α 1 = 1, α 2 = − 2, α 3 = 1
[from Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii) and abc = λ] β1 2
⇒ a 3 + b 3 + c 3 = 3λ ± 1 ⇒ AC 2 = 2β1 + β 2 = 3
51. Equation whose roots are a, b, c is 3β1 + 2β 2 + β 3 0
x 3 − (a + b + c ) x 2 + (ab + bc + ca ) x − abc = 0 ⇒ β1 = 2, β 2 = − 1, β 3 = − 4
⇒ x − (± 1)x + 0 − λ = 0
3 2
γ1 2
∴ x ±x −λ=0
3 2 and AC 3 = 2 γ1 + γ 2 = 3
3 γ1 + 2 γ 2 + γ 3 1
Passage (Q. Nos. 52 to 53)
a11 a12 a13 ⇒ γ1 = 2, γ 2 = − 1, γ 3 = − 3
∴ A = a 21 a 22 a 23 1 2 2
a 31 a 32 a 33 ∴ B = −2 −1 − 1
a + a12 + a13 1 −4 − 3
⇒ t1 = 11 = 0, [Qaij + a jk + aki = 0]
3 1 2 2
a + a 22 + a 23 ⇒ det B = −2 −1 −1
t 2 = 21 =0
3
1 −4 −3
a + a 32 + a 33
and t 3 = 31 =0
3 = 1(3 − 4 ) − 2(6 + 1 ) + 2(8 + 1 ) = 3
52. ∑ ∑ aij = 3(t1 + t 2 + t 3 ) = 0 = t1 + t 2 + t 3 1 0 0 1 2 2
1
1 ≤ i, j ≤ 3 and C = 2 1 0 −2 − 1 − 1
3
≠ t1t 2t 3 [Qt1 = 0, t 2 = 0, t 3 = 0] 3 2 1 1 _ 4 − 3
1 2 2 From Eq. (i), we get B = A − 2 I
1
= 0 3 3 ∴ B 3 = ( A − 2 I ) 3 = A 3 − 6 A 2 + 12 A − 8 I
3
0 0 1 = 5A [Q A 3 − 6 A 2 + 7 A − 8 I = 0]
1 2 2 ⇒ | B | = | 5A |
3
3 3 3 1 ⇒ | B | 3 = 5 3| A |
∴ det C = 0 1 1 =
0 0
1 9 ⇒ | B | 3 = 53 × 8
3 ⇒ | B | 3 = (10 ) 3
54. det( B −1 ) =
1
=
1 ∴ | B | = 10
det B 3 From Eq. (ii), we get
Trace of B ( − 3 ) 9 | B | 10
2
25
2
55. = =− det[ adj( I − 2 A −1 )] = = =
Trace of C
5 5 | A | 8 16
3
B B
56. sin −1(det A ) + tan −1(9 det C ) = sin −1(1) + tan −1(1) B − 1 4B 4
61. adj = 2 = 2 = = B [Q| B | = 10]
π π 3π 2 B 1
= + = | B | | B | 10
2 4 4 2 8
Passage (Q. Nos. 57 to 59) 2 p
= B= B [given]
Given, AT = A, BT = − B, det( A + B ) ≠ 0 5 q
and C = ( A + B ) − 1( A − B ) ∴ p = 2 and q = 5
Hence, p + q =7
⇒ ( A + B )C = A − B …(i)
62. S = ABCD = A( BCD ) = AAT …(i)
Also, ( A + B )T = A − B …(ii)
∴ S = ( ABCD ) ( ABCD ) ( ABCD )
3
and ( A − B )T = A + B …(iii)
= ( ABC ) ( DAB ) (CDA ) ( BCD )
57. C T ( A + B )C = C T [( A + B ) C ]
= DT C T BT AT = ( BCD )T AT
= C T (A − B ) [from Eq. (i)]
= ( AT )T AT = AAT = S
= C (A + B )
T T
[from Eq. (ii)]
⇒ S3 = S
= [( A + B ) C ] T
Hence, least value of k is 3.
= ( A − B )T [from Eq. (i)]
1 tan x
63. Q A=
=A+B [from Eq. (iii)]
− tan x 1
58. C T ( A − B ) C = [C T ( A + B )T ]C [from Eq. (ii)] 1 tan x
= [( A + B ) C ]T C ∴ det A = = (1 + tan 2 x ) = sec 2 x
− tan x 1
= ( A − B )T C [from Eq. (i)] ⇒ det AT = det A = sec 2 x
= (A + B )C [from Eq. (iii)] Now, f ( x ) = det ( AT A − 1 ) = (det AT ) (det A − 1 )
=A−B [from Eq. (i)]
det AT
T A + B + A − B = (det AT ) (det A ) − 1 = =1
59. C AC = C
T
C det A
2
∴ λ = f ( f ( f ( f ... f ( x ))))
1 1 144424443
= C T ( A + B )C + C T ( A − B )C n times =1 [Q f ( x ) = 1 ]
2 2
1 1 Hence, 2 λ = 21 = 2
= (A + B ) + (A − B ) [from Q13 and Q15]
2 2 λ21 λ 1λ 2 λ 1λ 3 λ21 λ1 λ 2 λ1 λ 3
=A 64. QA = A ⋅ A = λ 2 λ 1
2
λ22 λ 2 λ 3 λ 2 λ1 λ22 λ 2 λ 3
λ 3 λ1 λ 3λ 2 λ23 λ 3 λ 1 λ3 λ2 λ23
Passage (Q. Nos. 60 to 61)
Q B = A − 2I λ21 ( λ21 + λ22 + λ23 ) λ 1λ 2( λ21 + λ22 + λ23 )
∴ A −1B = I − 2 A −1 …(i) = λ 1 λ 2( λ 1 + λ 2 + λ 3 )
2 2 2
λ22( λ21 + λ22 + λ23 )
−1
60. det[ adj ( I − 2A )] = det[ adj( A B )] −1 λ 1 λ 3( λ 1 + λ 2 + λ 3 )
2 2 2
λ 3λ 2( λ21 + λ22 + λ23 )
[from Eq. (i)]
−1
= | adj( A B )| λ 1 λ 3 ( λ21 + λ22 + λ23 )
| B |
2 λ 2 λ 3 ( λ21 + λ22 + λ23 )
= | A −1B | 2 = (| A −1|| B | ) 2 = …(ii) λ23 ( λ21 + λ22 + λ23 )
| A |
= ( λ21 + λ22 + λ23 ) A ⇒ ( A + I )n = I + (2n − 1 ) A …(ii)
Given, A is idempotent Given, we get
⇒ A2 = A ( A + I )n = I + 127 A …(iii)
∴ λ21 + λ22 + λ23 =1 From Eqs (ii) and (iii), we get
x1 2n − 1 = 127
65. Let X = x 2 and given X T AX = O ⇒ 2n = 128 = 2 7
x 3 ∴ n =7
a11 a12 a13 x1 3a b c
⇒ [ x1 x 2 x 3 ] a 21 a 22 a 23 x 2 = O 68. Q A = b 3c a
a 31 a 32 a 33 x 3 c a 3b
a11x1 + a12 x 2 + a13x 3 3a b c
⇒ [ x1 x 2 x 3 ] a 21x1 + a 22 x 2 + a 23x 3 = O ∴ det ( A ) = b 3c a = 29abc − 3(a 3 + b 3 + c 3 )
a 31x1 + a 32 x 2 + a 33x 3 c a 3b
⇒ a11x12 + a12x1x 2 + a13x1x 3 + a 21x1x 2 + a 22 x 22 + a 23x 2x 3 Or
| A | = 29abc − 3(a 3 + b 3 + c 3 ) …(i)
+ a 31x1x 3 + a 32x 2x 3 + a 33x 32 = 0
Given, A A=4
T 1/ 3
I
⇒ a11x12 + a 22 x 22 + a 33x 32 + (a12 + a 21 ) x1x 2 + (a 23 + a 32 ) x 2 x 3
⇒ | A A| =| 4
T 1/ 3
I|
+ (a 31 + a13 ) x 3x1 = 0
it is true for every x1, x 2, x 3, then ⇒ | A | | A | = (4 ) | I |
T 1/ 3 3
a11 = a 22 = a 33 = 0 and a12 = − a 21, a 23 = − a 32, a13 = − a 31 ⇒ | A | | A | = 4 ⋅1
Now, as a 23 = − 1008 ⇒a 32 = 1008 ⇒ | A |2 = 4
∴ Sum of digits = 1 + 0 + 0 + 8 = 9 ∴ | A| =2 [Q | A | > 0 ]
0 1 −1 From Eq.(i), we get
66. Q A = 4 − 3 4 2 = 29abc − 3 (a 3 + b 3 + c 3 )
3 − 3 4 ⇒ 2 = 29 − 3 (a 3 + b 3 + c 3 ) [Q abc = 1 ]
0 1 −1 0 1 −1 1 0 0 ∴ a + b + c =9
3 3 3
∴ A = A ⋅ A = 4 −3
2
4 4 −3 4 = 0 1 0 = I
0 1
3 −3 4 3 −3 4 0 0 1 69. Q A =
3 0
⇒ A2 = I ⇒ A4 = A6 = A8 = K = I 0 1 0 1 3 0
∴ A2 = A ⋅ A = = = 3I
Now, Ax = I 3 0 3 0 0 3
⇒ x = 2, 4, 6, 8, K ⇒ A 4 = ( A 2 ) 2 = 9 I , A 6 = 27 I , A 8 = 81 I
∴ ∑ (cosx θ + sin x θ ) = (cos2 θ + sin 2 θ ) + (cos4 θ + sin 4 θ ) Now, ( A 8 + A 6 + A 4 + A 2 + I ) V = (121 ) I V = (121 ) V …(i)
+ (cos θ + sin θ ) + K
6 6
0
Given, ( A 8 + A 6 + A 4 + A 2 + I ) V = …(ii)
= (cos2 θ + cos4 θ + cos6 θ + ... ) 11
+ (sin 2 θ + sin 4 θ + sin 6 θ + ... ) 0 0
From Eqs.(i) and (ii), (121 ) V = ⇒ V = 1
cos2 θ sin 2 θ 11 11
= +
1 − cos θ 1 − sin 2 θ
2
1 1
∴ Sum of elements of V = 0 + = =λ [given]
= cot 2 θ + tan 2 θ ≥ 2 11 11
Hence, minimum value of ∑ (cosx θ + sin x θ ) is 2. ∴ 11 λ = 1
3 2 3 1
67. Q A is idempotent matrix 70. Q A = and B = 7 3
∴ A =A
2 2 1
∴ det A = − 1 and det B = 2
⇒ A = A = A = A4 = A5 = K
2 3
…(i)
Now, det (2 A 9 B −1 ) = 2 2 ⋅ det ( A 9 ) ⋅ det ( B − 1 )
Now, ( A + I )n = ( I + A )n
= 2 2 ⋅ (det A ) 9 ⋅ (det B ) − 1
= I + nC1 A + nC 2 A 2 + nC 3 A 3 + K + nCn An
= 2 2 ⋅ ( − 1 ) 9 ⋅ (2 ) − 1 = − 2
= I + (n C1 + nC 2 + nC 3 + ... + nCn ) A
Hence, absolute value of det (2 A 9B − 1 ) = 2
[from Eq.(i)]
0 α 73. (A) → (r, t); (B) → (s); (C )→ (p); (D) → (q)
71. Q A=
0 0 A
(A) adj ( A −1 ) = ( A −1 ) −1 det ( A −1 ) =
0 α 0 α 0 0 det( A )
∴ A2 = A ⋅ A = = =0 adj (adj A ) A[det( A )]n − 2 A
0 0 0 0 0 0 Also, = =
( adj A )n −1 (det A )n −1 det( A )
⇒ A 2 = A 3 = A 4 = A 5 = ... = 0
(B) det( adj (A −1 )) = (det A −1 )n −1
Now, ( A + I ) 70 = ( I + A ) 70
1
= = (det A )1−n
=I + C1 A + C2 A 2 + C 3 A 3 + .. + (det A )n −1
70 70 70 70
C 70 A 70
= I + 70 A + 0 + 0 + K = I + 70 A (C) adj [adj A] = A(det A )n − 2
1 0 a − 1 b − 1 (D) adj ( A det A ) = (det A )n −1 (adj A)
⇒ ( A + I ) 70 − 70 A = I = = [given]
0 1 c − 1 d − 1 74. (A)→(q, s); (B)→(p, t); (C)→(p, q, r, s); (D)→(q, s)
∴ a − 1 = 1, b − 1 = 0, c − 1 = 0, d − 1 = 1 (A) A diagonal matrix is commutative with every square
⇒ a = 2, b = 1, c = 1, d = 2 matrix, if it is scalar matrix, so every diagonal element is 4.
Hence, a + b + c + d = 6 4 0 0
72. (A) → (p, r); (B) → (s); (C) → (q); (D) → (s) Therefore, | A| = 0 4 0 = 64
On comparing, we get 0 0 4
{ 4 f ( −1 ) − 3 }a 2 + { 4 f (1 ) − 3 }a + f (2 ) = 0 1 −a 1 1
{ 4 f ( −1 ) − 3 }b + { 4 f (1 ) − 3 }b + f (2 ) = 0,
2 (B) 1 1 −b 1 =0
1 1 1 −c
and { 4 f ( −1 ) − 3 }c 2 + { 4 f (1 ) − 3 }C + f (2 ) = 0
Applying R1 → R1 − R3 and R2 → R2 − R3, then
It is clear that a, b, c are the roots of
−a 0 c
{ 4 f ( −1 ) − 3 } x 2 + { 4 f (1 ) − 3 } x + f (2 ) = 0, then
0 −b c =0
4 f ( −1 ) − 3 = 0, 4 f (1 ) − 3 = 0, f (2 ) = 0 1 1 1 −c
3 3
⇒ f ( −1 ) = , f (1 ) = , f (2 ) = 0 ⇒ −a( −b + bc − c ) − 0 + c(b ) = 0
4 4
ab + bc + ca = abc …(i)
Let f ( x ) = ( x − 2 )(ax + b )
Now, AM ≥ GM
3 3 1
Now, f ( −1 ) = ⇒ ( −3 )( −a + b ) = ⇒ a −b = ab + bc + ca
1
4 4 4 ⇒ ≥ (ab ⋅ bc ⋅ ca ) 3
3 3 3 3
f (1 ) = ⇒ ( −1 )(a + b ) = ⇒ a+b=− 2
4 4 4 abc
⇒ ≥ (abc ) 3 [from Eq. (i)]
1 1 3
∴ a = − ,b = − 1
4 2
1 ⇒ (abc ) 3 ≥ 3
⇒ f (x ) = (4 − x ) 2
∴ abc ≥ 27
4
Graph of y = f ( x ) Hence, λ = 27
Y a11 a12 a13
(C) Q A = a 21 a 22 a 23
a 31 a 32 a 33
1 3
Given, ∑ aik = 9λi , ∀ i ∈ {1, 2, 3};
X' X k =1
–2 0 2 3
∑ akj = 9µ j, ∀ j ∈ {1, 2, 3} and
k =1
(A) x-coordinates of the point intersection of y = f ( x ) with a11 + a 22 + a 33 = 9 υ ; where λ i , µ j , v ∈ {1, 2 }
the X-axis are −2 and 2. Following types of matrices are possible:
3 21 3 2 1 2 7
(B) Area = ∫ ( 4 − x 2 )dx = ∫ ( 4 − x 2 )dx
A = 3 ;B = 3 ; C = 3 ;
2 − 2 4 4 0
2
3 x3 3 16 5 4 8
= 4x − = × =4
4 3 0 4 3 6 1 3
(C) Maximum value of f ( x ) is 1. D = 3 ; E = 6 ; F = 6 ;
(D) Length of intercept on the X-axis is 4. 9 2 9
4 5 1 Now, ( AX )T = X T AT ⇒ X T = − X T A
G= 6 ;H = 6 ;I = 9 ;
⇒ X T X = − X T AX = − X T X [from Eq. (i)]
8 7 8
⇒ 2X X = O
T
⇒ |X| = O
2 3 4
( I − A ) X = O has only trivial solution
J = 9 ; K = 9 ; L = 9
∴ I − A is non-singular
7 6 5
⇒ ( I − A ) is invertible
Now, if we interchange 1 and 5 to obtain
0 1 1
5 4 9
(C) Q S = 1 0 1
A1 = 7 3 8
1 1 0
6 2 1
−1 1 1
1 8 9 1
⇒ S = −1
1 −1 1
Also, AT = 2 3 4 2
1 1 −1
6 7 5
5 7 6 0 1 1 b + c c − a b − a
A 1 = 4 3 2
T We have, SA = 1 0 1 c − b c + a a − b
and
9 8 1 1 1 0 b − c a − c a + b
Then, from A we get four matrices A, A1, AT , A1T . 0 2a 2a
= 2b 0 2b
Similarly, from B, C , D, K, K , L we get 4 matrices.
Thus, total 12 × 4 = 48 matrices. Hence, λ = 48. 2c 2c 0
1 1 1 0 2a 2a −1 1 1
1
(D) For consistent, c + 2 c+4 6 =0 ∴ SAS = 2b 0 2b 1 −1 1
−1
2
(c + 2 ) 2 (c + 4 ) 2 36 2c 2c 0 1 1 −1
Applying C 2 → C 2 − C1, we get 0 a a −1 1 1 2a 0 0
1 0 1 = b 0 b 1 −1 1 = 0 2b 0
c +2 2 6 =0 c c 0 1 1 −1 0 0 2c
(c + 2 ) 2 4c + 12 36 ∴ | SAS −1| = 8abc ≠ 0
1 0 1
sin 2 A sin C sin B
⇒ 2 c +2 1 6 =0 (D) Q A = sin C sin 2 B sin A
(c + 2 ) 2 2c + 6 36
sin B sin A sin 2C
⇒ − 12c − 0 + 1 [(c + 2 )(2c + 6 ) − (c + 2 ) 2 ] = 0
2ak cos A ck bk
⇒ c 2 − 6c + 8 = 0 | A| = ck 2bk cos B ak
⇒ c = 2, 4 bk ak 2ck cosC
∴ c1 = 4, c 2 = 2
a cos A + a cos A a cos B + b cos A
⇒ c1c 2 = 4 2 = 16
= k 3 a cos B + b cos A b cos B + b cos B
75. (A) →(q, t); (B) →(p, s); (C) →(p, r, s); (D) →(q, r, t) a cosC + c cos A b cosC + c cos B
(A) Here, X is a n × 1 matrix, C is n × n matrix and X T is a
a cosC + c cos A
1 × n matrix.
b cosC + c cos B
Hence, X T CX is a 1 × 1 matrix.
c cosC + c cosC
Let X T CX = [ λ ], then
a cos A 0 cos A a 0
( X T CX )T = X T C T ( X T )T = X T ( −C ) X = − X T CX
=k b3
cos B 0 × cos B b 0 = k3 ⋅ 0⋅ 0 = 0
∴ [λ ] = − [λ ] c cosC 0 cosC c 0
⇒ λ=0
⇒ X T CX = O 76. Since, matrix A is skew-symmetric
T ∴ |A|=0
i.e., X CX is null matrix.
(B) Consider the homogeneous system ∴ | A4B 5 | = 0
(I − A )X = O ⇒ A 4 B 5 is singular matrix.
⇒ AX = I X = X … (i) Statement-1 is false and Statement-2 is true.
77. Q AB = A, BA = B ⇒ A 2 = A and B 2 = B 12
0 − −
57
∴ ( A + B ) = A + B + AB + BA = A + B + A + B
2 2 2
1 1
83. A= 0 −
= 2( A + B )
4 8
(A + B )3 = (A + B )2 . (A + B ) 2 1
0
= 2( A + B ) 2 = 2 2 ( A + B ) 5 7
which is neither symmetric nor skew-symmetric. Infact every
∴ (A + B )7 = 26 (A + B ) square matrix can be expressed as a sum of symmetric and
Statement-1 is true and Statement-2 is false. skew-symmetric matrix. Hence, Statement-1 is false and
78. A − 1exists only for non-singular matrix Statement-2 is true.
AB = AC ⇒ A − 1( AB ) = A − 1( AC ) 84. ABC is not defined, as order of A, B and C are such that they
are not conformable for multiplication.
⇒ (A − 1 A ) B = (A − 1 A ) C
Hence, Statement-1 is false and Statement-2 is true.
⇒ IB = IC 85. Q AT = − A
⇒ B = C , if A − 1 exist
⇒ | AT | = | − A |
∴ |A|≠0
= (− 1)5 | A | = − | A |
Statement-1 is false and Statement-2 is true.
⇒ | A| = −| A|
79. Statement-2 is false
Q det ( A − 1 ) ≠ det ( − A′ ) ⇒ 2| A| = 0
∴ |A|=0
[Q det ( − A′ ) = ( −1 ) 3 det( A′ ) = − det( A′ )]
Both Statements are true but Statement-2 is a correct
but in Statement-1 explanation of Statement-1.
A′ = − A ⇒ A = − A′
86. QS is skew-symmetric matrix
∴ det ( A ) = det( − A′ )
∴ ST = − S …(i)
= − det A′ = − det ( A )
⇒ 2 det ( A ) = 0 First we will show that I − S is non-singular. The equality
| I − S | = 0 ⇒ I is a characteristic root of the matrix S but this is
∴ det ( A ) = 0 not possible, for a real skew-symmetric matrix can have zero
Then, Statement-1 is true. or purely imaginary numbers as its characteristic roots. Thus,
| I − S | ≠ 0 i.e., I − S is non-singular.
80. Q( BX )T ( BY ) = {( I − A ) ( I + A ) − 1 X }T ( I − A ) ( I + A ) − 1 Y
We have,
= X T {( I + A ) − 1 }T ( I − A )T ( I − A ) ( I + A )− 1 Y AT = {( I + S )( I − S ) −1 }T = {( I − S ) −1( I + S )}T
= X T ( I + AT ) − 1 ( I − AT ) ( I − A ) ( I + A ) − 1 Y = (( I − S ) −1 )T ( I + S )T = ( I + S )T {( I − S )− 1 }T
−1 −1
= X (I − A )
T
(I + A ) (I − A ) (I + A ) Y = (( I − S )T ) −1( I + S )T = ( I + S )T (( I − S )T )− 1
−1 −1
= X (I − A ) (I − A ) (I + A ) (I + A ) = ( I T − S T ) −1( I T + S T ) = ( I T + S T )( I T − S T )− 1
T
Y
[Q A = − A and ( I − A ) ( I + A ) = ( I + A ) ( I − A )]
T
= ( I + S ) −1( I − S ) = ( I − S )( I + S ) −1 [from Eq. (i)]
−1 −1
= X ⋅ I ⋅ I ⋅Y = X Y
T T
∴ A A = ( I + S ) ( I − S )( I + S )( I − S )
T
Both Statements are true; Statement-2 is correct explanation = ( I − S )( I + S ) −1( I − S ) −1( I + S )
for Statement-1.
= ( I + S ) −1( I + S )( I − S )( I − S ) −1
81. Q | A| =2
= ( I − S )( I − S ) −1( I + S ) −1( I + S )
and B = 9A 2 (given)
= I ⋅I = I ⋅I = I = I
∴ | B | = | 9 A 2 | = 92 | A |2 Hence, A is orthogonal.
= 81 × 4 = 324 ⇒ | BT | = | B | = 324 87. Q MMT = I …(i)
Hence, Statement-1 is false but Statement-2 is true. Let B=M−I …(ii)
1−λ −1 −1 ∴ BT = MT − I T = MT − MT M [from Eq. (i)]
82. ∴ det ( A − λI ) = 1 −1 − λ 0 =0
= MT (I − M ) = − MT B [from Eq. (ii)]
1 0 −1 − λ
Now, det( B ) = det( − M B )
T T
⇒ (1 −λ ) (1 + λ ) 2 − 1 −λ − 1 −λ = 0
⇒ λ3 + λ2 + λ + 1 = 0 = ( − 1 ) 3 det( MT ) det( B ) = − det( MT ) det( B )
⇒ A3 + A2 + A + I = 0 ⇒ det( B ) = − det( M ) det( B ) = − det( B )
⇒ A3 + A2 + A = − I ∴ det( B ) = 0
⇒ det( M − I ) = 0
Statement-1 is false but Statement-2 is true.
88. Q BAB = A −1 Σl12 Σl 3l1 1 0 0
Σl1l 2
⇒ ABAB = I = Σl1l 2 Σl 2l 3 = 0 1 0 = I
Σl 22
⇒ ( AB ) 2 = I Σl 3l1 Σl 3 0 0 1
Σl 2l 3
2
cos (α + 2β ) sin (α + 2β )
Now, AB =
Hence, matrix A is orthogonal.
sin (α + 2β ) − cos (α + 2β )
91. Let us use the symbols Div, Dis, Tal for division, district,
1 0
and ( AB ) 2 = ( AB )( AB ) = =I [Q( AB )( AB ) = I ] taluka respectively and O, H, C, Cl, T and P for office
0 1 superintendent, Head clerk, Cashier, Clerk, Typist and Peon
Also, BA 4 B = A −1 respectively.
or A 4 B = B −1A −1 = ( AB ) −1 = AB Then, the number of offices can be arranged as elements of a
or A4 = A …(i) row matrix A and the composition of staff in various offices
can be arranged in a 3 × 6 matrix B (say).
cos α − sin α cos α − sin α
Now, A2 = Div Dis Tal
sin α cos α sin α cos α ∴ A =[ 5 30 200 ]
cos 2α − sin 2α
= O H C Cl T P
sin 2α cos 2α 1 1 1 2 + 1 1 1 + 1
cos 4α − sin 4α and B = 0 1 1 1 + 1 0 1 + 1
Similarly, A 4 =
sin 4α cos 4α 0 1 1 1 0 1
Hence, from Eq. (i)
cos 4α − sin 4α cos α − sin α O H C Cl T P
sin 4α cos 4α = sin α 1 1 1 3 1 2
cos α or B = 0 1 1 2 0 2
or 4α = 2 π + α
0 1 1 1 0 1
2π
∴ α=
3 The basic monthly salaries of various types of employees of
cos2 θ cos θ sin θ cos2 φ cos φ sin φ these offices correspond to the elements of the column matrix
89. AB = C.
cos θ sin θ sin 2
θ cos φ sin φ sin 2 φ
O 500
cos2 θ cos2 φ + cos θ cos φ sin θ sin φ 200
= H
cos φ cos θ sin θ + sin θ sin φ cos φ
2 2
C 175
∴ C=
cos2 θ cos φ sin φ + sin 2 φ sin θ cos θ Cl 150
cos θ cos φ sin θ sin φ + sin 2 θ sin 2 φ T 150
cos θ cos φ (cos θ cos φ + sin θ sin φ ) P 100
=
sin θ cos φ (cos θ cos φ + sin θ sin φ ) (i) Total number of Posts = AB
O H C Cl T P
cos φ sin φ (cos θ cos φ + sin θ sin φ )
sin θ sin φ (cos θ cos φ + sin θ sin φ ) Div Dis Tal 1 1 1 3 1 2
= [5 30 200] × 0 1 1 2 0 2
cos θ cos φ cos (θ − φ ) cos θ sin φ cos (θ − φ )
= 0 1 1 1 0 1
sin θ cos φ cos (θ − φ ) sin θ sin φ cos (θ − φ )
O H C Cl T P
Clearly, AB is the zero matrix, if cos (θ ~ φ ) = 0 i.e., θ − φ is an
π = [5 235 235 275 5 270 ]
odd multiple of .
2 i.e., Required number of posts in all the offices taken
l1 m1 n1 together are 5 office Suprintendents, 235 Head Clerks,
90. Let A = l 2 m2 n2 235 Cashiers, 275 Clerks, 5 Typists and 270 Peons.
l 3 m3 n3 (ii) The total basic monthly salary bill of each kind of office
= BC
l1 l 2 l 3
500 O
∴ AT = m1 m2 m3
O H C Cl T P 200 H
n1 n2 n3
1 1 1 3 1 2 175 C
l1 m1 n1 l1 l 2 l 3 = ×
0 1 1 2 0 2 150 Cl
Now, AA = l 2 m2 n2 × m1 m2 m3
T
0 1 1 1 0 1 150 T
l 3 m3 n3 n1 n2 n3 100 P
500 + 200 + 175 + 3 × 150 + 1 × 150 + 2 × 100 1 a α aα
= 0 + 1 × 200 + 1 × 175 + 2 × 150 + 0 + 2 × 100 A = 0 b − a β − α bβ − aα
0 + 1 × 200 + 1 × 175 + 1 × 150 + 0 + 1 × 100 0 c − a γ − α cγ − aα
1675 Applying C 2 → C 2 − aC1, C 3 → C 3 − αC1 and
= 875 C 4 → C 4 − aαC1, we get
625 1 0 0 0
A = 0 b − a β − α bβ − aα
i.e., The total basic monthly salary bill of each divisional,
district and taluka offices are ` 1675, ` 875 and ` 625, 0 c − a γ − α cγ − aα
respectively. Applying C 4 → C 4 − α C 2 − bC 3, we get
(iii) The total basic monthly salary bill of all the offices taken 1 0 0 0
together
A = 0 b − a β − α 0
= ABC = A( BC )
0 c − a γ − α (c − b )( γ − α )
1675
= [5 30 200 ] × 875 For ρ( A ) = 3
c − a ≠ 0, γ − α ≠ 0, c − b ≠ 0, b − a ≠ 0, β − α ≠ 0
625
i.e., a ≠ b, b ≠ c, c ≠ a and α ≠ β, β ≠ γ, γ ≠ α
= [5 × 1675 + 30 × 875 + 200 × 625 ]
= [159625 ] 1 1 1 x u 9 2
Hence, total basic monthly salary bill of all the offices
94. We have, 2 5 7 y v = 52 15
taken together is ` 159625. 2 1 − 1 z w 0 − 1
92. The total load of stone and sand supplied by A can be or AX = B
represented by row matrix X 1 and cost of one truck load of
or X = A −1B …(i)
stone and sand can be represented by column matrix Y1.
1200 1 1 1 x u 9 2
∴ X 1 = [ 40 10 ] , Y1 = Where, A = 2 5 7 , X = y v and B = 52 15
500
Total amount paid by contractor to A = X 1Y1 2 1 − 1 z ω 0 − 1
1200 ∴ | A| = 1( − 5 − 7 ) − 1( − 2 − 14 ) + 1(2 − 10 )
= [ 40 10 ]
500 = − 12 + 16 − 8 = − 4 ≠ 0
Let C be the matrix of cofactors of elements of | A|.
= [ 48000 + 5000 ]
C11 C12 C13
= [53000 ]
∴ C = C 21 C 22 C 23
∴Amount paid by contractor to A is ` 53000.
1200 C 31 C 32 C 33
Similarly for B, X 2 = [35 5 ] , Y2 =
500 5 7 2 7 2 5
1 −1 − 2 −1 2 1
Total amount paid by contractor to B = X 2Y2
= −
1200 1 1 1 1 1 1
= [35 5 ] −
= [ 42000 + 2500 ] 1 −1 2 −1 2 1
500
1 1 1 1 1 1
= [ 44500 ] −
5 7 2 7 2 5
∴Amount paid by contractor to B is ` 44500.
Similarly for C, −12 16 −8
1200 = 2 −3 1
X 3 = [25 8 ] , Y3 =
2 − 5 3
500
Total amount paid by contractor to C = X 3Y3 −12 2 2
1200 ∴ adj A = C ′ = 16 −3 −5
= [25 8 ]
500 − 8 1 3
= [30000 + 4000 ] = [34000 ] − 12 2 2
adj A 1
∴ Amount paid by contractor to C is ` 34000. ∴ A −1 = = − 16 − 3 − 5
| A| 4
1 a α aα − 8 1 3
93. We have, A = 1 b β bβ − 12 2 2 9 2
1
1 c γ cγ −1
Now, A B = − 16 − 3 − 5 × 52 15
4
Applying R2 → R2 − R1 and R3 → R3 − R1, we get − 8 1 3 0 − 1
−4 4 1 − 1 Further, x 3 = y1 − y 2 + 3y 3
1
=− − 12 − 8 = 3 2 y1
4
− 20 − 4 5 1 ∴ [ x 3 ] = [1 − 1 3 ] y 2
From Eq. (i) X = A −1B y 3
Putting the values of y1, y 2, y 3, we get
x u 1 − 1
y v = 3 2 z1 − z 2 + z 3
⇒
⇒ [ x 3 ] = [1 − 1 3 ] 0 + z 2 + 3z 3
z w 5 1
2z1 + z 2 + 0
On equating the corresponding elements, we have
1 − 1 1 z1
x = 1, u = − 1
y = 3, v = 2 = [1 − 1 3 ] 0 1 3 z 2
z = 5, w = 1 2 1 0 z 3
95. Since, x1 = 3y1 + 2y 2 − y 3 z1
y1 = [1 − 0 + 6 − 1 − 1 + 3 1 − 3 + 0 ] z 2
⇒ [ x1 ] = [3 2 − 1 ] y 2 z 3
y 3 z1
Putting the values of y1, y 2, y 3, we get = [7 1 − 2 ] z 2 = [7z1 + z 2 − 2z 3 ]
z1 − z 2 + z 3 z 3
[ x1 ] = [3 2 − 1 ] 0 + z 2 + 3z 3 ∴ x 3 = 7z1 + z 2 − 2z 3
…(iii)
2z1 + z 2 + 0 Hence, from Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
1 − 1 1 z1 x1 = z1 − 2z 2 + 9z 3, x 2 = 9z1 + 10z 2 + 11z 3, x 3 = 7z1 + z 2 − 2z 3
= [3 2 − 1 ] 0 1 3 z 2 96. Given equations can be written as,
2 x − 3y + 6z = 5t + 3
2 1 0 z 3
y − 4z = 1 − t
z1 4 x − 5y + 8z = 9t + k
= [3 + 0 − 2 − 3 + 2 − 1 3 + 6 + 0 ] z 2 which is of the form AX = B.
z 3 Let C be the augmented matrix, then
2 − 3 6 M 5t + 3
z1
C = [ A : B ] = 0 1 − 4 M 1 − t
= [1 − 2 9 ] z 2
4 − 5 8 M 9t + k
z 3
Applying R3 → R3 − 2 R1, then
[ x1 ] = [z1 − 2z 2 + 9z 3 ]
2 − 3 6 M 5t + 3
∴ x1 = z1 − 2z 2 + 9z 3 …(i)
x 2 = − y1 + 4y 2 + 5y 3 C = 0 1 − 4 M 1 − t
Further,
y1 0 1 − 4 M − t + k − 6
⇒ [ x 2 ] = [ − 1 4 5 ] y 2 Applying R3 → R3 − R2, then
y 3 2 − 3 6 M 5t + 3
C = 0 1 − 4 M 1 − t
Putting the values of y1, y 2, y 3, we get
z1 − z 2 + z 3 0 0 0 Mk −7
[ x 2 ] = [ − 1 4 5 ] 0 + z 2 + 3z 3 (i) For no solution
2z1 + z 2 + 0 RA ≠ RC
∴ k ≠7
1 − 1 1 z1
(ii) For infinite number of solutions
= [ − 1 4 5 ] 0 1 3 z 2
RA = RC
2 1 0 z 3 ∴ k =7
z1
97. AX = U has infinite many solutions
= [ − 1 + 0 + 10 1 + 4 + 5 − 1 + 12 + 0 ] z 2
⇒ | A| = 0 = | A1 | = | A 2 | = | A 3 |
z 3
Now, | A| = 0
z1 a 1 0
= [9 10 11 ] z 2 = [9z1 + 10z 2 + 11z 3 ] ⇒ 1 b d = 0 ⇒ (ab − 1 )(c − d ) = 0
z 3 1 b c
Hence, x 2 = 9z1 + 10z 2 + 11z 3 …(ii) ⇒ ab = 1 or c = d …(i)
and | A1| = 0 c 0 0 d 0 0
f 1 0 cA = 0 c
c ; dI = 0 d 0
⇒ g b d =0 0 − 2c 4c 0 0 d
h b c 1
∴ By A −1 = [ A 2 + cA + dI ]
6
⇒ fb(c − d ) − gc + hd = 0
⇒ 6 =1 + c + d [By equality of matrices]
⇒ fb(c − d ) = gc − hd …(ii)
∴( − 6, 11 ) satisfy the relation.
⇒ | A 2| = 0 99. If Q = PAP T
a f 0 then P T Q = AP T [Q PP T = I ]
⇒ 1 g d =0
⇒ P T Q 2005P = AP T Q 2004 P
1 h c
= A 2P T Q 2003P = A 3P T Q 2002P
⇒ a( gc − dh ) − f (c − d ) = 0
= A 2004 P T (QP )
⇒ a( gc − dh ) = f (c − d ) …(iii)
= A 2004 P T ( PA ) [Q = PAP T ⇒QP = PA]
| A 3| = 0
= A 2005
a 1 f
1 2005
⇒ 1 b g =0 ∴ A 2005 =
0 1
1 b h
1 0 1 0 1 0
⇒ (h − g )(ab − 1 ) = 0 100. A2 = =
1 1 1 1 2 1
⇒ h = g or ab = 1 …(iv) 1 0 1 0 1 0
A3 = =
Taking c = d ⇒h = g and ab ≠ 1 (from Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iv)) 2 1 1 1 3 1
Now, taking BX = V , 1 0
∴ An =
a 1 1 n 1
Then, |B| = 0 d c =0 n 0 n − 1 0
nA = , (n − 1 ) I = 0
f g h n n n − 1
[Q In view of c = d and g = h, c 2 and c 3 are identical]
1 0
⇒ BX = V has no unique solution. nA − (n − 1 ) I = =A
n
n 1
a2 1 1
101. A2 − A + I = 0
and | B1| = 0 d c =0 [Qc = d , g = h]
0 g h ⇒ I = A − A 2 ⇒ I = A (I − A )
a a2 1 ⇒ A − 1 I = A − 1 ( A( I − A )) ⇒ A − 1 = I − A
| B 2| = 0 0 c = a fc = a df
2 2
[Qc = d ]
x 1 0 0 x 1
f 0 h
102. (i) Let U 1 be y so that 2 1 0 y = 0
a 1 a2 z 3 2 1 z 0
and | B 3| = 0 d 0 = − a 2df x 1
f g 0 ⇒ y = − 2
If a 2df ≠ 0, then | B2| = | B3| ≠ 0 z 1
Hence, no solution exist. 2 2
1 0 0 6 0 0 Similarly, U 2 = − 1 , U 3 = − 1
1
98. Given, A = 0 1 1 , A − 1 = 0 4 − 1 − 4 − 3
6
0 − 2 4 0 2 1 1 2 2
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 Hence, U = − 2 − 1 − 1
2
A = 0 1 1 0 1 1 = 0 −1 5 1 − 4 − 3
0 − 2 4 0 − 2 4 0 − 10 14 ∴ |U | =3
−1 − 2 0 1 / 2 − 1
and A− 1 =
(ii) Q AdjU = − 7 − 5 − 3 0 2
9 −6 3 3 0
and let A= ,
AdjU AdjU − 3 − 1 / 3
∴ U −1 = =
|U | 3 3 0
det A = = −1
⇒ sum of the elements of −3 −1/3
1
U − 1 = (− 1 − 2 + 0 − 7 − 5 − 3 + 9 + 6 + 3) = 0 1 / 3 0
3 and A− 1 =
(iii) The value of − 3 − 3
3 1 2 2 3 1 0 − 1 0
108. Let A = or
(3 2 0 ) U 2 = (3 2 0 ) − 2 − 1 − 1 2 0 − 1 0 1
0 1 − 6 − 3 0 Then, A 2 = I
3 1 0
∴ det A = = − 1 and tr ( A ) = 0
= ( − 1 4 4 ) 2 0 −1
0 109. (i) If two zero’s are the entries in the diagonal, then
= (− 3 + 8 + 0) = 5 3
C 2 × 3C1 = 9
1 2 a 0 If the entries in the principal diagonal is1, then
103. A= , B =
3 4 0 b 3
C1 = 3
a 2b ⇒ Total matrix = 9 + 3 = 12
⇒ AB =
3a 4b 0 a b
a 0 1 2 a 2a (ii) a 0 c either b = 0 or c = 0 ⇒ | A | ≠ 0
and BA = =
0 b 3 4 3b 4b b c 1
Hence, AB = BA only when a = b. ⇒ 2 matrices
104. A 2 − B 2 = (A − B ) (A + B ) 0 a b
a 1 c either a = 0 or c = 0 ⇒ | A | ≠ 0
⇒ A 2 − B 2 = A 2 + AB − BA − B 2
b c 0
⇒ AB = BA
5 5α α ⇒ 2 matrices
105. A = 0 α 5α ⇒| A ⋅ A | = | A | | A | = (25α ) 2 = 25 1 a b
a 0 c either a = 0 or b = 0 ⇒ | A | ≠ 0
0 0 5
b c 0
1
⇒ α2 = ⇒ 2 matrices
25
1 1 a b
⇒ α=± a 1 c
5
106. Q A = A, Bt = − B
t b c 1
Given, ( A + B ) ( A − B ) = ( A − B ) ( A + B ) If a = b = 0 ⇒ | A | = 0
⇒ A 2 − AB + BA − B 2 = A 2 + AB − BA − B 2 If a = c = 0 ⇒ | A | = 0
If b = c = 0 ⇒ | A | = 0
⇒ AB = BA
⇒ There will be only 6 matrices.
Also, given ( AB )t = ( − 1 )k AB
(iii) The six matrix A for which | A | = 0 are
⇒ Bt At = ( − 1 )k AB 0 0 1
⇒ − BA = ( − 1 )k AB 0 0 1 ⇒ inconsistent
⇒ ( − 1 ) = ( − 1 )k [Q AB = BA ] 1 1 1
∴ k = 1, 3, 5, K 0 1 0
2 1 1 1 1 ⇒ inconsistent
107. Let A =
0 1 / 2 0 1 0
2 1 1 1 1
det A = =1 1 0 0 ⇒ infinite solutions
0 1 /2
1 0 0
1 1 0 ⇒ (2k + 1 ) 3 = 10 3
1 1 0 ⇒ inconsistent
⇒ 2k + 1 = 10
00 1 ⇒ k = 4.5
1 0 1 ⇒ [k ] = 4
0 1 0 ⇒ inconsistent 114. First row with exactly one zero
1 0 1 ∴ Total number of cases = 6
First row 2 zeroes, we get more cases.
1 0 0
0 1 1 ⇒ infinite solutions ∴ Total we get more than 7.
a b
0 1 1 115. Let A = , abcd ≠ 0
c d
110. | adj A | = | A |n − 1 = | A | 2 − 1 = | A | a b a b
A2 = ⋅
adj ( adj A ) = | A |n − 2 A c d c d
2−2
=| A| A = | A |0 A = A a 2 + bc ab + bd
⇒ A2 =
111. Three planes cannot meet only at two distinct points. ac + cd bc + d 2
Hence, number of matrices = 0 ⇒ a 2 + bc = 1, bc + d 2 = 1
112. If A is symmetric matrix, then b = c ab + bd = ac + cd = 0
a b c ≠ 0 and b ≠ 0
∴ det ( A ) = = a − b = (a + b ) (a − b )
2 2
b a and a+d =0
Trace A =a + d = 0
a, b, c ∈ { 0, 1, 2, 3, ... , p − 1 }
| A | = ad − bc = − a 2 − bc = 1
Number of numbers of type
np = 1 116. MN = NM
np + 1 = 1 M 2N 2 ( MT N ) − 1 ( MN − 1 )T M 2N 2N −1 ( MT ) − 1 ( N − 1 )T ⋅ MT
np + 2 = 1
.............. = M 2N ⋅ ( MT ) − 1 ( N − 1 )T MT = − M 2 ⋅ N ( M ) − 1 ( N T ) − 1 MT
.............. = + M 2NM − 1N − 1MT = − M ⋅ NMM − 1N −1 M
np + ( p − 1 ) = 1 ∀ n ∈ I
= − MNN − 1M = − M 2
(i) as det ( A ) is divisible by p ⇒ either a + b divisible by p
corresponding number of ways = ( p − 1 ) [excluding zero] or Note
(a − b ) is divisible by p corresponding number of ways = p A skew-symmetric matrix of order 3 cannot be non-singular
Total Number of ways = 2 p − 1 hence the question is wrong.
(ii) as Tr ( A ) not divisible by p ⇒ a ≠ 0 117. (i) a + 8b + 7c = 0; 9a + 2b + 3c = 0
det ( A ) is divisible by p ⇒ a 2 − bc divisible by p 7a + 7b + 7c = 0
Number of ways of selection of a, b, c Solving these equations, we get
= ( p − 1 ) [( p − 1 ) × 1 ] = ( p − 1 ) 2 b = 6a
⇒ c = − 7a
(iii) Total number of A = p × p × p = p 3
Now, 2x + y + z = 0
Number of A such that det ( A ) divisible by p ⇒ 2a + 6a + ( − 7a ) = 1
= ( p − 1 ) 2 + number of A in which a = 0 ⇒ a = 1, b = 6, c = − 7
= (p − 1)2 + p + p − 1 = p 2 ∴ 7a + b + c = 7 + 6 − 7 = 6
Required number = p 3 − p 2 (ii) Qa = 2 with b and c satisfying ( E )
∴ 2 + 8b + 7c = 0, 18 + 2b + 3c = 0
113. | A | = (2k − 1) ( − 1 + 4k 2 ) + 2 k (2 k + 4k k )
and 2 + b + c = 0
+ 2 k ( 4k k + 2 k )(2k − 1 ) ( 4k 2 − 1 ) we get b = 12 and c = − 14
+ 4k + 8k 2 + 8k 2 + 4k 3 1 3 3
Hence, a + b + c = 2 + 12 + − 14
1 3
ω ω ω ω ω ω
= (2k − 1 ) ( 4k 2 − 1 ) + 8k + 16k 2
3ω 1
= 8k 3 − 4k 2 − 2k + 1 + 8k + 16k 2 = 3 + + 3ω14
ω 1
= 8k 3 + 12k 2 + 6k + 1 = 3ω + 1 + 3ω 2
| B | = 0 as B is skew-symmetric matrix of odd order. = 1 + 3(ω + ω 2 )
⇒ (8k 3 + 12k 2 + 6k + 1 ) 2 = (10 3 ) 2 = 1 + 3( − 1 ) = − 2
(iii) Qb = 6, with a and c satisfying ( E ) ⇒ A ( BA ) is symmetric
∴ a + 48 + 7c = 0, 9a + 12 + 3c = 0, a + 6 + c = 0 Now, let Q = ( AB ) A
we get a = 1, c = − 7 Q ′ = (( AB ) A )′
Given, α , β are the roots of ax 2 + bx + c = 0 = A′ ( AB )′ = A′ ( B ′ A′ )
b = A ( BA ) [Q A′ = A, B ′ = B ]
∴ α + β = − = − 6,
a = ( AB ) A [By associative law]
c
α β = = −7 =Q
a
1 1 α +β − 6 6 ⇒ ( AB ) A is symmetric.
Now, + = = = ∴ Statement-1 is true.
α β αβ −7 7
∞ ∞ n n
Statement - 2 ( AB )′ = B ′ A′ = BA [Q A′ = A, B ′ = B ]
1 1 6
∴ ∑ + = ∑
α β n = 0 7
= AB [Q AB = BA ]
n=0 ⇒ AB is symmetric matrix
6 6
2 ∴Statement-2 is true.
= 1 + + + ... ∞
7 7 Hence, both Statements are true, Statement-2 is not a correct
explanation for Statement-1.
1
= =7 2 2a11 2 3a12 2 4 a13
1 −6/7
121. We have, | Q | = 2 3a 21 2 4 a 22 2 5a 23
118. For the given matrix to be non singular 5
1 a b 2 4 a 31 2 a 32 2 6a 33
∴ ω 1 c ≠0 a11 a12 a13
ω 2
ω 1 =2 ⋅2 ⋅2
2 3 4
2a 21 2a 22 2a 23
⇒ 1 − (a + c ) ω + acω ≠ 0 2 2 2a 31 2 2a 32 2 2a 33
⇒ (1 − aω ) (1 − cω ) ≠ 0 a11 a12 a13
⇒ a ≠ ω 2 and c ≠ ω 2 = 2 9 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 2 a 21 a 22 a 23 = 212 | P |
a 31 a 32 a 33
Qa, b and c are complex cube roots of unity.
∴a and c can take only one value i.e., ω while b can take two ∴ |Q| =2 ×2 =2
12 13
values i.e., ω and ω 2. 122. Q P T = 2P + I … (i)
∴ Total number of distinct = 2
∴ ( P ) = (2 P + I )
T T T
a b c
⇒ P = 2 PT + I
119. Let M = d e f
… (ii)
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
g h i
P = 2 (2P + I ) + I
0 − 1
⇒ P =−I
M 1 = 2 ⇒b = − 1, e = 2, h = 3
∴ PX = − I X = − X
0 3 1 4 4
1 1 123. Given, adj P = 2 1 7
M − 1 = 1 ⇒ a = 0, d = 3, g = 2 1 1 3
0 − 1 1 4 4
1 0 ⇒ | adjP | = 2 1 7
M 1 = 0 ⇒ g + h + i = 12 ⇒ i = 7 1 1 3
1 12 = 1 ( − 4 ) − 4 ( − 1 ) + 4 (1 ) = 4
∴ Sum of diagonal elements = a + e + i = 0 + 2 + 7 = 9 ⇒ | P |3 − 1 = 4
120. Since, A and B are symmetric matrices ⇒ | P| = ± 2
∴ A′ = A and B ′ = B x
Statement-1 Let P = A( BA )
124. Let u1 + u2 = y
∴ P ′ = ( A ( BA ))′ = ( BA )′ A′
z
= ( A′ B ′ ) A′
1
= ( AB ) A [Q A′ = A, B ′ = B ]
Now, Au1 + Au2 = 1
= A ( BA ) [By associative law]
=P 0
1 (d) ( adj M ) ( adj N ) = adj ( NM ) ≠ adj ( MN )
⇒ A(u1 + u2 ) = 1 ∴ Incorrect.
0 ω2 ω3 ω4 ... ω1 + n
3
1 0 0 x 1 ω ω4 ω5 ... ω 2 + n
128. P = [ pij ]n × n = [ωi + j ]n × n = 4
⇒ 2 1 0 y = 1 ω ω 5
ω6 ... ω 3 + n
M M M M
3 2 1 z 0 ωn + 1 ωn + 2 ωn + 3 ... ω 2n
x 1 0 0 0 ... 0
⇒ 2 x + y = 1 0 0 0 ... 0
∴ P2 = =0
3 x + 2y + z 0
0 0 0 ... 0
∴ x = 1 , 2x + y = 1 M M M M
0 0 0 ... 0
and 3 x + 2y + z = 0
⇒ x = 1 , y = − 1, z = − 1 If n is multiple of 3, so for P 2 ≠ 0, n should not be a multiple of
1 3, i.e. n can take values 55, 56 and 58.
129. B = A − 1 A′
Hence, u1 + u2 = − 1 .
B ′ = ( A −1 A′ )′ = A( A − 1 ) ′
− 1
125. Given, P 3 = Q 3 …(i) Now, BB ′ = ( A − 1A′ ) A ( A − 1 ) ′ = A − 1 ( A′ A ) ( A − 1 ) ′
and P 2Q = Q 2P … (ii) = A − 1 ( AA′ ) ( A − 1 ) ′ [Q A′ A = AA′ ]
−1 −1
Subtracting Eq. (i) and (ii), we get = ( A A ) A′ ( A ) ′
P 3 − P 2Q = Q 3 − Q 2P = ( IA′ ) ( A − 1 ) ′ = A′ ( A − 1 ) ′ = ( A − 1 A ) ′ = I ′ = I
P 2 (P − Q ) = − Q 2 (P − Q ) a b
130. Let M = , where a, b, c ∈ I
b c
⇒ (P 2 + Q 2 ) (P − Q ) = O
a b
⇒ | (P 2 + Q 2 ) (P − Q ) | = | O | M is invertible if ≠0
b c
⇒ | P 2 + Q2 | | P − Q | = 0 ⇒ ac − b 2 ≠ 0
∴ | P 2 + Q2 | = 0 [Q P ≠ Q ] a b
(a) = ⇒ a = b = c ⇒ ac − b 2 = 0
126. Given, adj A = P b c
∴ Option (a) is incorrect
∴ | adj A | = | P |
(b) [b c ] = [a b ] ⇒ a = b = c ⇒ ac − b 2 = 0
⇒ | A |3 − 1 = | P | [Q | A | = 4 ]
∴ Option (b) is incorrect
⇒ 16 = | P |
a 0
1 α 3 (c) M = , then | M | = ac ≠ 0
0 c
⇒ 16 = 1 3 3
∴ M is invertible
2 4 4
∴ Option (c) is correct.
⇒ 16 = 1( 0 ) − α ( 4 − 6 ) + 3( 4 − 6 )
(d) As ac ≠ (Integer)2 ⇒ ac ≠ b 2
⇒ 16 = 2α − 6
∴ Option (d) is correct.
⇒ 2α = 22
∴ α = 11 131. Given, MN = NM, M ≠ N 2 and M 2 = N 4
Then, M2 = N 4
127. (a) ( N T MN )T = N T MT ( N T )T = N T MT N = N T MN
⇒ (M + N 2 ) (M − N 2 ) = 0
or − N T MN According as M is symmetric or
skew-symmetric. ∴ M + N2 = 0 [Q M ≠ N 2 ]
∴ Correct. ⇒ | M + N2 | = 0
(b) ( MN − NM )T = ( MN )T − ( NM )T = N T MT − MT N T
(a) | M 2 + MN 2 | = | M | | M + N 2 | = 0
= NM − MN [Q M, N are symmetric]
= − ( MN − NM ) ∴ Option (a) is correct.
∴ correct (b) ( M 2 + MN 2 ) U = M ( M + N 2 ) U = 0
(c) ( MN )T = N T MT = NM ≠ MN [Q M, N are symmetric] ∴ Option (b) is correct.
∴ Incorrect.
(c) Q | M 2 + MN 2 | = 0 from option (a) or adj A = AT
∴ | M 2 + MN 2 | 2 b 5a 3
−3 5a = −b 2
1
V
or
∴ Option (c) is incorrect.
⇒ 5a = 2 and b = 3
(d) If AX = 0 and | A | = 0, then X can be non-zero.
∴ 5a + b = 5
132. Q AAT = 9I P .Q Q
135. Q PQ = kI ⇒ = I ⇒ P −1 = …(i)
1 2 2 1 2 a 1 0 0 k k
2 1 − 2 2 1 2 = 9 0 1 0 Also P = 12α + 20 …(ii)
−k
a 2 b 2 − 2 b 0 0 1 and given q 23 =
8
9 0 a + 4 + 2b 9 0 0 Comparing the third element of 2nd row on both sides,
⇒ 0 9 2a + 2 − 2b = 0 9 0 1 1 −k
we get ( − (3α + 4 )) = ×
a + 4 + 2b 2a + 2 − 2b a + 4 + b 0 0 9
2 2 (12α + 20 ) k 8
⇒ 24α + 32 = 12α + 20
On comparing, we get
α = −1 …(iii)
a + 2b + 4 = 0 … (i) From (ii), P =8 …(iv)
2a − 2b + 2 = 0 … (ii) Also PQ = kI
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get ⇒ PQ = kI
a = − 2, ⇒ P Q = k3
b = −1
k2 k2
∴ Ordered pair is ( − 2, − 1 ). ⇒ 8× = k3 Q P = 8, Q =
2 2
133. Q X T = − X , Y T = − Y , Z T = Z
∴ k=4 …(v)
(a) ( Y 3 Z 4 − Z 4 Y 3 )T = ( Y 3 Z 4 )T − ( Z 4 Y 3 )T (b) 4α − k + 8 = −4 − 4 + 8 = 0
2
= ( Z 4 )T (Y 3 )T − (Y 3 )T ( Z 4 )T (c) det ( P adj (Q )) = P adj Q = P Q = 8 × 8 2 = 2 9
2
= ( Z T ) 4 (Y T ) 3 − (Y T ) 3 ( Z T ) 4 (d) det (Q adj ( P )) = Q adj P = Q P = 8 × 82 = 29
= − Z 4Y 3 + Y 3 Z 4 −1 + 3i
136. Q Z = =ω …(i)
2
= Y 3Z 4 − Z 4Y 3
⇒ ω 3 = 1 and 1 + ω + ω 2 = 0
Option (a) is incorrect.
( −ω )r ω 2s
(b) X 44 + Y 44 is symmetric matrix. Option b is incorrect. Now, P = 2s
ω ωr
(c) ( X 4 Z 3 − Z 3X 4 )T = ( X 4 Z 3 )T − ( Z 3 X 4 )T ( −ω )r ω 2s ( −ω )r ω 2s
∴ P 2 = 2s
= ( Z 3 )T ( X 4 )T − ( X 4 )T ( Z 3 )T ω ωr ω 2s ωr
= (Z T )3 (X T )4 − (X T )4 (Z T )3 ω 2r + ω 4 s ω 2r (( −ω )r + ωr )
= 2s
ω (( −ω ) + ω ) ω 4 s + ω 2r
r r
= Z 3X 4 − X 4 Z 3
= − ( X 4 Z 3 − Z 3X 4 ) ω 2r + ω s ω 2s (( −ω )r + ωr )
= 2s (Q ω = 1 )
3
ω (( − ω )r
+ ω s
) ω s
+ ω 2r
∴ Option (c) is correct.
− 1 0
(d) X 23 + Y 23 is skew-symmetric matrix. Option (d) is P 2 = −I = …(ii)
Q
correct. 0 −1
Form Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
134. Q A adj A = AAT
ω 2r + ω s = −1
⇒ A −1( A adj A ) = A −1( AAT ) and ω (( −ω )r + ωr ) = 0
2s
⇒ ( A −1A ) adj A = ( A −1A ) AT ⇒r is odd and s = r but not a multiple of 3. Which is possible
⇒ I ( adj A ) = IA T when r = s = 1
∴ Only one pair is there.
1 0 0 0 0 0 q11 q12 q13 0 0 0
137. P = 4 1 0 = I + 4
0 0 = I + A ∴ q q q = 200 0 0
21 22 23
16 4 1 16 4 0 q 31 q 32 q 33 20400 200 0
0 0 0 On comparing, we get
Let A =4 0 0 q 21 = q 32 = 200, q 31 = 20400
16 4 0
q 31 + q 32 20400 + 200
0 0 0 0 0 0 ∴ =
q 21 200
⇒ A =0 0
2
0 and A = 0 0 0
3
= 102 + 1 = 103
16 0 0 0 0 0
2 −3 2 −3 16 −9
⇒ An is a null matrix ∀n ≥ 3 138. Q A 2 = =
50 × 49 2 −4 1 −4 1 −12 13
∴ P 50 = ( I + A ) 50 = I + 50 A + A
2 16 −9 2 −3
∴ 3 A 2 + 12 A = 3 + 12 −4 1
⇒ Q + J = I + 50 A + 25 × 49 A 2 − 12 13
or Q = 50 A + 25 × 49 A 2 72 −63
=
0 0 0 0 0 0 −84 51
= 200 0 0 + 0 0 0 51 63
⇒ adj (3 A 2 + 12 A ) =
800 200 0 19600 0 0 84 72
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