i

TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES VISAYAS

Capt. Sabi St., City of Talisay, Negros Occidental

College of Engineering Technology

Office of the Program Coordinator

LEARNING MODULE
(Final Term)

GEC 8: ETHICS

BASIC ARTS AND SCIENCES DEPARTMENT

PREPARED BY:

LUCILLE S. ARCEDAS, Ph. D.

KRISTINA FRANCISCO-LAURILLA, DSSE
2020

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
 ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page Numbers
Table of Contents………………………………………………………………..ii
Overview ………………………………………………………………………..iii
Learning Guide (Week No. 10)..………………………………………….1
Topics……………………………………………………………...1
Expected Competencies……………………………………………1
Content/Technical Information…………………………………….1
References…………………………………………………………3
Learning Guide (Week No. 11) …………………………………………..4
Topic/s………………………………………………………….…4
Expected Competencies…………………………………………...4
Content/Technical Information …………………………………..4
References………………………………………………………...7
Learning Guide (Week No. 12)…………………………………………. 8
Topic/s………………………………………………………….…8
Expected Competencies…………………………………………...8
Content/Technical Information……………………………………8
References…………………………………………………………14
Learning Guide (Week No. 13) …………………………………………..15
Topic/s……………………………………………………………..15
Expected Competencies……………………………………………15
Content/Technical Information……………………………………15
References………………………………………………………… 18
End term Outputs ………………………………………………………….19
References …………………………………………………………………22
Bibliography ……………………………………………………………….23
About the Author …………………………………………………………..24

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
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OVERVIEW

It seems like yesterday when we started our classes. Now, we are in the final term.
Congratulations in advance for completing the semester. We are hopeful that your ability to
cope up during the last two terms will enable you to finish the final term tasks.

We all know that Ethics encompasses the society. Every person must be aware of the
ethical standards not only as part of an organization, but as a person, who is a member of the
community whose actions affect the society. That is why, the Commission on Higher Education
mandated Ethics as one of the General Education Courses.

We are now dealing with the application of Ethics in various settings. On Weeks 10
and 11, we will discuss the influences of the Western and Eastern ethical traditions,
respectively. On Weeks 12 and 13, we will discuss contemporary issues in ethics like
environmental ethics, business ethics, ethics on human sexuality, and bioethical issues/ medical
ethics.

We will concretize your understanding of ethics through your group outputs. The first
group output is an action plan about a certain issue that involves the environment, business,
and human sexuality. The criteria for grading are on page __. The second group output is the
“Portrait of an Ethical TUPian”. You are going to choose a group member who will serve as
your group artist. S/he will capsulize the group concept of how you depict the Ethical TUPian.
We also provided a consent form wherein you have the option to share your work to be used
in our future modules and educational endeavors.

May the things you learn in this subject be integrated in your personal and later in your
professional lives.

The Authors

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
 1

LEARNING GUIDE

Week No.: __10__

TOPIC: Western Ethical Traditions

EXPECTED COMPETENCIES

At the end of this lesson, you must have:

1. identified the components of ethics by Immanuel Kant; and
2. provided practical applications of the principle of utility.

CONTENT

Figure 1
Susan Limaco, a pensioner who returned SAP

Photo credit: Adrian Bobe, pna.gov.ph

Guadalquiver (2020) reported in Philippine News Agency that many Negrenses

returned their social amelioration aid. This includes Susan Limaco (Figure 1), a retired teacher
from Talisay City, Negros Occidental who gave back her received assistance. Many others also
returned the amount.

For some, returning a small amount may seem insignificant but “The person who is
trustworthy in very small matters is also trustworthy in great ones; and the person who is
dishonest in very small matters is also dishonest in great ones” (Luke 16:10, New American
Bible). Among our TUP core values, integrity and accountability are founded on honesty.

QUESTIONS TO PONDER
In what ways did you practice honesty?
Did you encounter a situation wherein you were challenged to be
honest? What did you do?
What are the influences that encourage you to be honest?

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
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Deontological Ethics: Immanuel Kant

Bulaong et al. (2018) define deontology as “the moral theory that evaluates actions that
are done because of duty.” It came from the Greek word deon which means “being necessary”.
This was proposed by Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher who wrote on moral philosophy.
The components of Kant’s ethical perspectives were enumerated by Pasco et al. (2018) as the
following:
1. Foundation – human reason is the foundation of sound ethics.
2. Source – goodwill is the source of sound ethics
3. Motivation – duty is the obligation that follows reason

For Kant, human reason is the sole foundation of sound ethics. Reason is independent
from religion. It is the interiority of the human person, the innate goodness, that propels the
person to do good and act in ethical manner.

Utilitarianism: John Stuart Mill

According to Pasco et al., Mill’s moral theory judges the rightness and wrongness of
actions based on their consequences. Happiness is the goal of morality. This is not a solitary
affair but involves relationships with others. Based on Mill’s Principle of Utility or Greatest
Happiness Principle, pleasure and freedom from pain is the supreme measure of morality.

Mill provides a distinction between higher and lower forms of pleasure. This does not
promote hedonism, but these are pleasures of higher quality that employ the human faculties
such as the intellect. Examples of these activities are reading, conversing with others, and
philosophizing. Pasco et al. stressed that studying for three hours in a day for a week is better
than playing online games for all days in a week for studying has the potential to bring
happiness to family as a form of gratitude for the gift of education.

QUESTIONS TO PONDER
What are your sources of happiness? Can you consider this as
a higher form? What do you mean by “delayed gratification”?

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
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NOTEPAD
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PROGRESS CHECK
See pages 19-21

REFERENCES

Bulaong, O., Calano, M. J., Lagliva, A., Mariano, M. N., Principe, J. D. (2018). Ethics:
Foundations of Moral Valuation. Rex Bookstore, Inc.

Guadalquiver, N. (2020, April 27). Honest Negrenses give back excess social amelioration
aid. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1101130

Pasco, M. O., Suarez, V. F., & Rodriguez, A. M. (2018). Ethics. C & E Publishing, Inc.

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
 4

LEARNING GUIDE

Week No.: __11__

TOPIC: Eastern/ Asian Ethical Traditions

EXPECTED COMPETENCIES

At the end of this lesson, you must have:

1. differentiated different ethical perspectives from the West and the East;
2. compared different ethical practices in Asia; and
3. discussed Filipino Ethics.

CONTENT

General Characteristics of Asian Spiritual and Intellectual Traditions

by Manuel B. Dy as cited by Pasco et al. (2018)

1. Religious thought is interwoven with philosophical and ethical thinking.

2. Love and compassion bound the intellectual traditions
3. Personal nurturance and social responsibility are interconnected.
4. Each of the Asian tradition is geared toward enlightenment.
5. Each of the teachings offer paths of harmony with oneself, with others, with nature,
and with a Transcendent.

Ethics in Hinduism
(Beck, 1996; Nadkami, 2011; Pasco et al.)

Ethics as dharma comes first among the aims of human beings. Goals must be pursued
according to dharma. According to Merriam’s dictionary, dharma is an individual’s duty
fulfilled by observance of custom or law. Nadkami stressed that ethics can exist without
religion but religion without ethics is unworthy of its name. This follows that a person can be
ethical without being religious but cannot be considered religious without being ethical.

The religious views of the Hindus can be seen in Vedas and Upanishads. According to
Pasco et al., Vedas are some of the most ancient writings of the world. These are hymns to the
ancient gods and poetic articulation of the meanings of the universe. Human beings experience
order because of the presence of gods whom they offer their performance.

Another ancient writing is the Upanishad which literally means “those who sit near”
and listening closely to the spiritual teacher according to Beck. Hindus believe in reincarnation.
That is, human beings are born repeatedly in different forms of life. This provides the person a

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
 5

chance to live a more enlightened life. They also believe in Karma which describes
consequences for one’s actions. One’s manner of living redounds to the person and determines
one’s reincarnation.

Ethics in Buddhism
(Pasco et al)
Buddhism was born from the enlightenment of Gautama Buddha between the 6 th and
4th century BCE. These are the four truths according to him.

1. Life is a suffering.
2. Action or karma is the cause of suffering. Specifically, the non-virtuous actions, and
negative mental states that led to actions.
3. There is an end to suffering and the path beyond suffering is to transcend this illusion
and enter nirvana. Nirvana is the end of suffering which results from giving up of ego.
4. In order to live a life free of suffering, the person must follow the Eightfold Path:
a. Correct view
b. Correct intention
c. Correct speech
d. Correct action
e. Correct livelihood
f. Correct effort
g. Correct mindfulness
h. Correct concentration, singlemindedness.

Confucian Ethics
(Pasco et al., Weiming, 2019)

Confucianism is a system of thought attributed to Konqui which the West referred as

Confucius who lived around 6th – 5th century BCE. Confucius considered himself as a
“transmitter” of the old reanimating them to become new. He proposed invigorating the
meaning of the past promoting a ritualized life. For a Confucian, the basic aspiration is to be a
person who internalized the way of heaven. This means that the person must live the virtues of
heaven. One of the virtues stressed is filial piety. This includes supporting one’s parents, uphold
their names, and providing proper rituals when they die. To help people attain their aspirations,
the state needs good education and moral leadership. Good education refers to the formation
of the heart and virtues. Social order happens when the rulers are exemplars of virtuous life
and the people behave accordingly.

QUESTIONS TO PONDER

Which aspects of these Asian traditions can you relate well?

Do you have any disagreement with these beliefs? In what way?

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
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Cross-points by Ramon Castillo Reyes

(Bulaong et al., 2018)

Ramon Castillo Reyes, fondly called “Doc Reyes” by his students was one of the
pioneers of existential phenomenology in the Philippines. In his essay, “Man and Historical
Action”, he explained that “who one is” is a cross-point. These are the four cross-points:

1. Physical Cross-point – there are events in the past and material factors that one has
no other option. For example, being born as part of Homo sapiens, a child of your
parents, being born in the Philippines, and other factors that you have control of.

2. Interpersonal Cross-point – there are many events and factors that are beyond your
options. For example, you did not choose your parents but many of their
characteristics and even your personality is affected by them. In the same way, you
cannot choose your classmates, teachers, and later, your workmates.

3. Societal Cross-point – you are shaped by the society you live in. You are part of a
culture that prevails in your community.

4. Historical Cross-point – these are the events that you have gone through. As a
country, we also have our own history. There were colonizers that affected our ways
of thinking and dealing with things.

QUESTION TO PONDER

What are your personal cross-points? How do you address these?

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
 7

NOTEPAD
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PROGRESS CHECK
See pages 19-21

REFERENCES

Beck, S. (1996). The Upanishads. https://www.san.beck.org/EC7-Upanishads.html

Bulaong, O., Calano, M. J., Lagliva, A., Mariano, M. N., Principe, J. D. (2018). Ethics:
Foundations of Moral Valuation. Rex Bookstore, Inc.

Nadkami, M. V. (2011). Ethics in Hinduism.

https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/97801980738
64.001.0001/acprof-9780198073864-chapter-9

Pasco, M. O., Suarez, V. F., & Rodriguez, A. M. (2018). Ethics. C & E Publishing, Inc.

Weiming, T. (2019). Confucianism. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Confucianism

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
 8

LEARNING GUIDE

Week No.: __12__

TOPICS: Contemporary Issues in Ethics: Environmental Ethics and Business Ethics

EXPECTED COMPETENCIES

At the end of this lesson, you must have:

1. identified approaches for the care of the environment;
2. compared various theories on business ethics; and
3. designed an action plan geared to help in the preservation of our common home.

CONTENT
Activity: Reflection
Below is a song by Asin band. Check for its videos on YouTube to hear the song.

Masdan ang Kapaligiran

I IV
Wala ka bang napapansin Ang mga batang ngayon lang isinilang
Sa iyong mga kapaligiran May hangin pa kayang matitikman
Kay dumi na ng hangin May mga puno pa kaya silang aakyatin
Pati na ang mga ilog natin May mga ilog pa kayang lalanguyan?

II V
Hindi nga masama ang pag-unlad Bakit ‘di natin pag-isipan
At malayu-layo na rin ang ating narrating Ang nangyayari sa ating kapaligaran?
Ngunit masdan mo ang tubig sa dagat Hindi nga masama ang pag-unlad
Dati’y kulay asul, ngayo’y nagging itim Kung hindi nakakasira ng kalikasan

III VI
Ang duming ating ikinalat sa hangin Darating ang panahon, mga ibong gala
Sa langit, ‘wag na nating paabutin Ay wala nang madadapuan, Masdan
Upang kung tayo’y pumanaw man mo ang mga punong dati ay kay tatag
Sariwang hangin, sa langit natin matitikman Ngayon'y namamatay dahil sa ating
kalokohan

CHORUS VII
Mayro’n lang akong hinihiling Lahat ng bagay na narito sa lupa
Sa aking pagpanaw, sana ay tag-ulan Biyayang galing sa Diyos
Gitara ko ay aking dadalhin kahit no'ng ika'y wala pa
Upang sa ulap na lang tayo magkantahan Ingatan natin at 'wag nang sirain pa
'Pagkat 'pag Kanyang binawi, tayo'y
mawawala na

Repeat Chorus

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for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
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QUESTIONS TO PONDER

What are the themes that you can find in the song?
Do you believe in the statement, “We borrow the environment
from the next generation.”? Why?

Samson (2020) shared a story of the late Bishop Labayen. According to him, the when
the indigenous group of Agta go to the mountains, and pick fruits, they would get only what is
enough for them. They will not get extra. According to them, they also want others who pass
by the tree to avail of its fruits. Suppose you pass by a wild tree with teeming fruits, would you
also do the same as the Agta? Why?

Pope Francis (2015) called the earth as a shared inheritance. Similarly, in the recent
encyclical, Pope Francis (2020) exhorts that taking care of our world is a form of taking care
of ourselves for we are a single family living in our common home. Below is a discussion of
the first chapter of Laudato Si’ which deals with the situation of our common home.

1 Pollution and climate change

Some forms of pollution become part of daily experience. This includes exposure to
atmospheric pollutants. To some extent, this cause millions of premature deaths.

2 The issue of water

Fresh drinking water is vital for life. However, researches showed that possible water
shortage might occur unless measures will be done.

3 Loss of biodiversity
Loss of species happens due to loss of forests and woodlands. These species are
important for they may have uses like food and cure of diseases.

4 Decline in the quality of human life and the breakdown of society

Internet communication tends to replace real relationships with others

5 Global inequality
Poor countries are controlled by countries where they have foreign debt.

6 Weak Responses
We lack the culture and leadership needed to oppose the crisis despite being called by
God as stewards of the planet where peace, beauty, and fullness flourish.

7 A variety of opinions
There are various approaches about the current situation and possible solutions.

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QUESTIONS TO PONDER
Why is earth considered as “our common home”?
What are the simple things that you can do to preserve our
common home?

Various Approaches to Environmental Ethics

(Pasco et al.)

1. Peter Singer and Tom Regan on the Ethical Treatment of Animal

Singer’s advocacy focuses on “equal treatment of all sentient beings, from
animals to human beings.”
For Tom Regan, “certain non-human animals have actual rights, which makes
them morally considerable.”

2. Paul Taylor and Biocentrism

Taylor advocates on the moral protection of all beings that maybe considered as
“teleological centers of life”. Biocentric approach protects the rights, seeks the
good and well-being of all living organisms, which include plants and
microorganisms.

3. Aldo Leopold’s Land Ethic

“A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of
the biotic community. It wrong when it tends otherwise.”
Human beings are part of the ecology, members of a life-giving system. Human
beings must develop not only the rational but also the emotional intelligence as
well as “ecological conscience” to establish an ethical relationship with the land.

4. World Commission on Environment and Development (1987)

Vital planetary resources and processes that are necessary to sustain life were
under strain. “It is not equitable for the future generations to experience
considerable reduction of options for the sake of sustaining the needs and wants
of the present.”

QUESTIONS TO PONDER

“I shall pass this way but once; any good that I can do or any kindness I
can show to any human being; let me do it now. Let me not defer nor
neglect it, for I shall not pass this way again.”

How do you respond to this quote attributed to Etienne de Grellet? Do

you consider yourself as a “traveler” in this planet whose main destination
is Heaven? Why?

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
 11

Figure 1
Brotherhood of Christian Businessmen and Professionals Slogan

(Source: Pages, 2009)

QUESTIONS TO PONDER

Do you believe in the slogan above? How can you apply this to your
personal life? Is honesty important for a student? How?

Normative Theories of Business Ethics

(Pasco et al.)

1. The Stockholder Theory

Businesses are merely arrangements by which one group of people, the
stockholders, advance capital to another group, the managers, to be used to
realize specified ends and for which the stockholders receive an ownership
interest in the venture.

Implication: The society has a responsibility to restrict businesses from dealing

unethically.

2. The Stakeholder Theory

The management’s fundamental obligation is not to maximize the firm’s
financial success but to ensure its survival by balancing the conflicting claims
of multiple stakeholders.

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Principles of stakeholder management:

a. Principle of corporate legitimacy
The corporation should be managed for the benefit of its stakeholders
like the customers, suppliers, owners, employees and local communities.
These groups should get involved in the decision-making process.

b. Stakeholder fiduciary principle

Management bears a trusting relationship to stakeholders and to the
corporation as an abstract being.
Implication: All interests related to the firm are given a voice, especially
in decision-making process.

Example:
If a manufacturing firm purchases its raw materials from an indigenous
tribe in an underdeveloped community, the stakeholder theory obligates
the firm to ensure fair compensation of the tribe for their product.

3. The Social Contract Theory

All businesses are ethically obligated to enhance the welfare of society by
satisfying consumer and employee interests without violating any of the general
canons of justice.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a strategic initiative of the company

to contribute to the welfare of the society and the environment

Reidenbach and Robin’s Conceptual Model of Corporate Moral Development

(Pasco et al.)

Stage 1: Amoral organization – ethics is the least concern of the organization

Stage 2: Legalistic corporation – “exhibit compliance with the letter of the law not to the spirit
of the law.” What is legal parallels to what is right.
Stage 3: Responsive corporation – have values above profitability and legality
“Concern for other stakeholders begins to manifest itself as
managements begin to realize the importance of employees
and community in which they operate.”
Stage 4: The emergent ethical organization – pursues greater balance between profit and ethics.
“While responsive corporations begin to develop ethical
mechanisms to increase the probability of ethical behavior,
these organizations are not yet fully comfortable with their
implementation.”
Stage 5: The ethical organization – “characterized by an organization-wide acceptance of a
common set of ethical values that permeates the
organization’s culture. These core values guide the
everyday behavior of an individual’s actions.”

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
 13

QUESTIONS TO PONDER

Think of any business entity. Which of the theory of business ethics does
it practice? In what stage of corporate moral development does it belong?

NOTEPAD
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PROGRESS CHECK
See pages 19-21

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
 14

REFERENCES

Asin (n.d.). Masdan ang Kapaligiran.

https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/asin/masdanmoangkapaligiran.html

Bulaong, O., Calano, M. J., Lagliva, A., Mariano, M. N., Principe, J. D. (2018). Ethics:
Foundations of Moral Valuation. Rex Bookstore, Inc.

Francis (2015, May 24). Laudato Si’. Vatican Press.

https://w2.vatican.va/content/dam/francesco/pdf/encyclicals/documents/papa-
francesco_20150524_enciclica-laudato-si_en.pdf

Francis, (2020, October 4). Fratelli Tutti. Vatican Press.

http://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/encyclicals/documents/papa-
francesco_20201003_enciclica-fratelli-tutti.html

Pages, J. (2009, April 12). Be Honest, even if others are not, will not, cannot. Cebu Sports
Blog. http://www.pages.ph/2009/04/be-honest-even-if-others-will-not-cannot/

Pasco, M. O., Suarez, V. F., & Rodriguez, A. M. (2018). Ethics. C & E Publishing, Inc

Samson, R. (2020, September 15). Spirituality of Human Rights and Environment Defenders
[Webinar]. Columban Philippines Publications.
https://www.facebook.com/176305579597508/videos/2810084602552857

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
 15

LEARNING GUIDE

Week No.: __13__

TOPICS : Contemporary Issues in Ethics:

Ethics on Human Sexuality, Biomedical Issues/ Medical Ethics
Data Privacy Act; Engineering Ethics
Course Hallmark: The Ethical TUPian: Responsive to Current Issues

EXPECTED COMPETENCIES

At the end of this lesson, you must have:

1. discussed biomedical ethics;
2. explored engineering ethics; and
3. applied ethics in the context of TUPian identity.

CONTENT

Biomedical Ethics
(Pasco et al., 2018)

• Personalist Biomedical Care

The value of personhood is the center of life, experience, decisions and
actions.

• Ethics of “Prenatal Personhood”

Human personhood begins at the point of fertilization or conception. This is
expressed in the Filipino language that values the human life in which a
pregnant woman is said to nagdadalangtao or childbearing.

• Ectopic Pregnancy and the Principle of Double Effect

There are two results in the case of ectopic pregnancy:
1. Good – safety of the mother
2. Bad – indirect removal of the misplaced fetus

Even if the fetus is removed from the mother, the fetus “ought to be
treated as a person”.

• Child-bearing Enhancements, Self-Improvement, and General Well-Being

The number of adoptees and children born in poor families need to be
considered in the place of expensive childbearing techniques.

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for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
 16

Present child-conceiving enhancements includes getting egg cells from the

mothers, many embryos or fetuses are waiting for womb implantations and
some are considered as “spares”. Careful monitoring for these embryos is done
because “fetus ought to be treated as human”.

• Extraordinary Means, Euthanasia, and the Significance of a Living Will

Euthanasia or mercy killing – direct murder of human being and unacceptable
in the Philippines

Termination of “extraordinary means” like respirator is permitted to follow its

course and the person can go through the process of dignified death.

Writing of living wills permits the resolution of confusion that may arise in
families in making difficult decisions like DNR (do not resuscitate). This is
also applicable if the person wishes to donate his/her organs.

Organ Trafficking and Human Needs

(Bulaong et al., 2018)

In 2009, the Philippine government stopped a scheduled kidney transplant of a Filipina

to a Saudi Arabian husband. The allegation of the government is that this is a case of organ
sale. The Philippine government is banning organ trade.

QUESTION TO PONDER

Promchertchoo (2019) reported in Channel News Asia the rampant

illegal organ trade in the Philippines. The report featured an organ
hunter who receives commissions by finding organ donors. Do you
think it is ethical to sell your organs due to extreme poverty?

Engineering Ethics
(de Poel, n.d.)
Engineering ethics – a field of applied ethics that is discusses decisions and actions of
engineers, together with the consequences of these actions and
decisions, both individually and collectively
Some Ethical Issues
1. Whistle blowing – publicizing certain abuses by an organization which maybe internal
or external. This happens because the engineer has a specialized knowledge of the risks
and adverse effects of certain technology or of an engineering project. This is NOT the
best way to deal with ethical issues in engineering. Organizational reforms are needed.

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
 17

2. Loyalty – most engineering societies state that engineers must be loyal to their
employers and their clients. However, there may be times when this loyalty is against
the public interest. According to the US-based National Society for Professional
Engineers (2007), “Engineers shall not complete, sign, or seal plans and/or
specifications that are not in conformity with applicable engineering standards. If the
client or employer insists on such unprofessional conduct, they shall notify the proper
authorities and withdraw from further service on the project”.

3. Conflict of Interest – this happens if a professional has an interest that would contradict
with meeting his or her professional obligations or may impair his/her professional
judgment. It is best to avoid conflict of interest.

4. Safety and risk – ensuring safety is one of the main professional responsibilities of an
engineer.

5. Environmental care and sustainability – “Sustainable development is development that

meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations
to meet their own needs”

Five Minds for the Future

(Gardner, 2011)

1. The Disciplinary Mind – mastery of major schools of

thought like science, mathematics, and history.
2. The Synthesizing Mind – the ability to integrate ideas from
different disciplines or fields into a coherent whole and to
communicate that integration with others.
3. Creating Mind – the capacity to reveal and clarify new
problems, questions, and phenomena.
4. The Respectful Mind – the recognition and appreciation of
diversity among human beings and groups.
5. The Ethical Mind - actualization of one’s responsibilities
as a worker and as a citizen.

QUESTIONS TO PONDER

What are the possible ethical issues that you may encounter as a future
engineer or technologist? Will you be grounded by our TUP core values?

The ethical mind is at the summit of the minds for the future. Are the
trainings enough for you to embrace ethical behavior in the future?

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
 18

NOTEPAD
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PROGRESS CHECK
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Please see pages 19 – 21.
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REFERENCES

Bulaong Jr., O., et. al. (2018). Ethics: Foundations of Moral Valuation. Rex Bookstore, Inc.

de Poel (n.d.). Engineering Ethics. https://ethicsandtechnology.eu/wp-

content/uploads/downloadable-content/Engineering-Ethics-with-review-comments-
included.pdf

Gardner, H. (2011). Five Minds for the Future. https://howardgardner.com/five-minds-for-

the-future/

Promchertchoo, P. (2019, October 19). Kidney for sale: Inside Philippines’ illegal organ
trade. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/kidney-for-sale-philippines-
illegal-organ-trade-12007722

Reyes, R. C. (2006). Ground and Norm of Morality: Ethics for College Students. Ateneo de
Manila University Press.

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
 19

ENDTERM OUTPUTS

I. Action Plan for the Protection of our Common Home

According to Pope Francis (2015), “Ecological education can take place in

a variety of settings: at school, in families, in the media, in catechesis and elsewhere.
Good education plants seeds when we are young, and these continue to bear fruit
throughout life.” This activity aims to draw out practical and doable activities that
you can work on after the pandemic.

This project must answer the following questions:

1. Who – Who are the partners of this project?
Cite a certain group of persons that you will work with.

2. What – What is the name of your project? What are the steps that
you will do in order to materialize this project?

3. Where – Specify the place (purok/ street, Barangay, Town/City)

where you are going to hold the project. Specify the contact
person of that place.

4. Why – the rationale why you are doing this project (aside from
the fact that this is your final term output)

5. How – steps that you need to do in order to realize your goal.

This project must be “SMARTEST”

• Specific – answers the questions above in a precise manner

- 15 points
• Measurable – the activity has outputs that can be rated
- 10 points
• Attainable – the project can be accomplished by participants
- 10 points
• Result-oriented – there are actual outputs made by participants
- 12 points
• Time-bound – this is intended to be done after the quarantine.
The proponents specify a specific period that
this can be done by other members of TUPV
community
- 10 points
• Engaging – the proponents and the partners can enjoy the
project together
- 10 points

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
 20

• Sustainable – this can be made by the participants themselves

with minimum or no supervision after some time
- 15 points
• TUPian – the project can be attributed to TUP and can infuse
the TUPian spirit to the partners
- 18 points

These are the components of the action plan

Action Plan in Environmental Ethics

Name of Project:

Participants: (who will benefit the project?)

Rationale:

Steps/Mechanics:

At the end of the project, copy, and paste the option that suits your intention about your project
proposal. You can have at most two choices.

󠇃 We intend our project to be utilized by other members of TUP Community, especially after
the pandemic. We provide permission to our teachers to use this for educational
purposes and as part of TUP projects. We will be acknowledged as proponents.

󠇃 We intend our project to be done with the assistance of ___________________________

(TUP or TUPV organization) through online platform this school year.

󠇃 This is our group project and we intend this to be private. This should not be shared.

Submission Guidelines

• Submit using word file.

• File name: Ethics Output 1 followed by your last names (alphabetical)
• Send to our DF on or before October 30, 2020

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
 21

II. The Portrait of the Ethical TUPian

Choose among your groupmates an artist who will draw the concept about the
Ethical TUPian. Discuss among yourselves what is the image of the Ethical TUPian.
This also includes a short explanation about the drawing.

Criteria:

Clarity, creativity, and neatness of the image– 40%

Embodiment of the TUP Core Values – 30%

Explanation – 30%

Submit using jpeg file and submit in our DF.

On the bond paper that contains the explanation of the drawing, copy, and paste the option that
suits your intention about your drawing.

󠇃 We are willing to share our group project to be used for educational and promotional
purposes of TUP. We must be acknowledged as the owners of this output.

󠇃 This is our group project and we intend this to be private. This should not be shared.

Submission Guidelines

• Submit using word file.

• File name: Ethics Output 1 followed by your last names (alphabetical)
• Send to our DF on or before November 6, 2020.

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
 22

REFERENCES

Asin (n.d.). Masdan ang Kapaligiran.

https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/asin/masdanmoangkapaligiran.html

Beck, S. (1996). The Upanishads. https://www.san.beck.org/EC7-Upanishads.html

Bulaong Jr., O., et. al. (2018). Ethics: Foundations of Moral Valuation. Rex Bookstore, Inc.

de Poel (n.d.). Engineering Ethics. https://ethicsandtechnology.eu/wp-

content/uploads/downloadable-content/Engineering-Ethics-with-review-comments-
included.pdf

Francis (2015, May 24). Laudato Si’. Vatican Press.

https://w2.vatican.va/content/dam/francesco/pdf/encyclicals/documents/papa-
francesco_20150524_enciclica-laudato-si_en.pdf

Francis, (2020, October 4). Fratelli Tutti. Vatican Press.

http://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/encyclicals/documents/papa-
francesco_20201003_enciclica-fratelli-tutti.html

Gardner, H. (2011). Five Minds for the Future. https://howardgardner.com/five-minds-for-

the-future/

Guadalquiver, N. (2020, April 27). Honest Negrenses give back excess social amelioration
aid. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1101130

Nadkami, M. V. (2011). Ethics in Hinduism.

https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/97801980738
64.001.0001/acprof-9780198073864-chapter-9

Pages, J. (2009, April 12). Be Honest, even if others are not, will not, cannot. Cebu Sports
Blog. http://www.pages.ph/2009/04/be-honest-even-if-others-will-not-cannot/

Pasco, M. O., Suarez, V. F., & Rodriguez, A. M. (2018). Ethics. C & E Publishing, Inc.

Promchertchoo, P. (2019, October 19). Kidney for sale: Inside Philippines’ illegal organ
trade. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/kidney-for-sale-philippines-
illegal-organ-trade-12007722

Samson, R. (2020, September 15). Spirituality of Human Rights and Environment Defenders
[Webinar]. Columban Philippines Publications.
https://www.facebook.com/176305579597508/videos/2810084602552857

Weiming, T. (2019). Confucianism. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Confucianism

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
 23

BIBLIOGRAPHY
(includes additional readings)

Book, Bulaong Jr., Oscar, et. al. (2018) Ethics: Foundations of Moral Valuation. Rex
Multiple Bookstore, Inc.
Authors
Bulaong Jr. and his co-authors discussed the ethical dimension of human
existence, the ethical principles of utilitarianism, natural law, deontology, and
virtue ethics. They also provided a synthesis and a guide to making informed
decisions amidst real-life issues that confront us.

Book, Pasco, Marc Oliver et. al. (2018). Ethics. C & E Publishing, Inc.
Multiple
Authors In this textbook, the authors provided comprehensive discussions on the
Academic Ethical Traditions and Special Topics in Ethics which help readers
make informed decisions.
Encyclical Pope Francis (2015, May 24). Laudato Si’. Vatican Press
Single
Author Pope Francis noted St. Francis of Assisi calling the Earth as the Common
Home. The following are the chapters in this letter.
1. What is happening to our common home
2. The Gospel of creation
3. The human roots of ecological crisis
4. Integral Ecology
5. Lines of approach and action
6. Ecological education and spirituality

Book, Reyes, Ramon Castillo. (2006) Ground and Norm of Morality: Ethics for
Single College Students. Ateneo de Manila University Press, Manila.
Author
This college textbook in general ethics briefly discussed the definition, norms
of morality, the concept of value(s), and the moral teachings of the following:
1. Siddhartha Gautama (the Tour Noble Truths, the Eightfold Path,
Different Schools of Buddhism)
2. Confucius
3. Plato (Problem of Unity and Multiplicity, Theory of Ideas,
Reminiscence)
4. Aristotle (the Purpose of Man, A Morally Virtuous Act, Practical
Reason, The Act of Contemplation, Morality is Human
Reasonableness)
5. Thomas Aquinas (Aristotle’s Metaphysics, Aquinas’ Metaphysics,
The Ethics of St. Aquinas)
6. Immanuel Kant (Transcendental Method, Kant’s Ethics, The Kantian
Imperatives, The Categorical Imperative, A Moral World)
7. Utilitarianism (by Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, Henry Sidgwick,
George Edward Moore)
He also elaborated on the ff.: Moral Dimension, Ground and Norm of
Morality: Conscience, Norm of Morality: The Personal Nature and Dignity of
Man, Norm of Morality: The Natural Law, The Ultimate Foundation of
Morality, Human Action and the Norm of Morality.

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
 24

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Lucille S. Arcedas, Ph. D. is a TUPV faculty member from Basic Arts and Sciences
Department. She started her teaching career on June 2001 after obtaining a degree in Bachelor
of Secondary Education major in Mathematics from Kabankalan Catholic College. She
received Master of Education major in Mathematics degree from University of Saint La Salle,
Bacolod City. In 2007, she is one of the Filipinos who were chosen to be a scholar of Ford
Foundation International Fellowships Program. This enabled her to earn a degree in Master in
Professional Studies (Applied Statistics) at Cornell University, a member of the Ivy League in
Ithaca, New York, United States of America. She gained the degree in Doctor of Philosophy
in Science Education major in Mathematics from West Visayas State University, Iloilo City as
a scholar of the Department of Science and Technology – Science Education Institute –
Capacity Building Program for Science and Math Education.

You may contact her through email ([email protected].).

Kristina P. Francisco-Laurilla is presently a full-time instructor at the Technological

University of the Philippines Visayas. She studied at the University of the Philippines in the
Visayas, Miagao Campus where she took up BA Political Science. She recently earned her
Diploma in Social Studies Education (DSSE), a laddered program in pursuance of a Masters in
Social Studies Education (MSSE) at the University of the Philippines Open University
(UPOU).

Contact Information:

• SMS (09150746272)
• E-mail ([email protected])
• Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/tintin.francisco.311)

This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas intended

for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.