1.
(a) • fat 1 (L3)
accept ‘cream’
(b) (i) • calcium 1 (L4)
(ii) any one from 1 (L4)
• in the blood
• in blood vessels
accept ‘plasma’
accept a named blood vessel
accept ‘arteries’ or ‘veins’ or
‘capillaries’ or ‘circulatory system’
accept ‘blood cells’ or ‘red cells’
accept ‘the heart pumps blood’
‘pumped by the heart’ is insufficient
(c) (i) • mammals 1 (L4)
if more than one box is ticked, award
no mark
(ii) • The milk contains antibodies. 1 (L4)
if more than one box is ticked, award
no mark
[5]
2. (a) (i) D 1 (L3)
(ii) E 1 (L3)
(iii) any one from 1 (L4)
blood accept ‘plasma’
blood vessels accept a named blood vessel
accept ‘arteries’
accept ‘veins’
a mark should be awarded for ‘red or white blood cells’ as
knowledge of the function of blood cells is not expected at
this level
the mark is awarded for the reference to blood
(b) to provide energy if more than one box is ticked, award1
(L3)
no mark
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(c) (i) Clare accept ‘lemonade and jam or doughnut’1
(L3)
(ii) Nadia accept ‘cheeseburger and chips’ or1 (L3)
‘burger and chips’
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(iii) any one from 1 (L3)
it causes heart disease accept ‘it is bad for your heart’
it could give you a heart attack
accept ‘it might give you a stroke’
it clogs your arteries or blood vessels
accept ‘it makes you fat’
accept ‘it is bad for the liver’
[7]
3. (a) (i) water 1 (L3)
(ii) skin or peel 1 (L3)
(b) 18answers must be in the correct order 1 (L4)
28both answers are required for the mark
(c) 3 (L4)
h ea rt
n o t e n o u gh ca lciu m
in te stin e
n o t en o u g h fib re
lu n g
to o m u ch fa t
b o n es
if more than one line is drawn from any fact about the diet,
award no mark for that fact
[6]
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4. (a) (i) Answers may be in either order
vitamins accept ‘vitamin C’ 1
water accept ‘carbohydrates’ 1
do not accept ‘sugar’ or ‘starch’
(ii) Answers may be in either order
fats 1
proteins 1
(b) Answers may be in either order
minerals 1
fibre accept ‘roughage’ 1
(c) any two from 2
increases the surface area of the food or orange
accept ‘increases the surface area’
or ‘breaks it into smaller pieces’
breaks open cells accept ‘so you can get the nutrients out’
mixes it with saliva for easy swallowing
accept ‘for ease of swallowing’ or ‘to stop you choking’
mixes with saliva to start digestion occurring
accept ‘to start digestion’ or ‘to mix enzymes with the food’
or ‘to break it down’
[8]
5. (a) any two from 2
it or the villus has a large surface
accept ‘they have a large surface area’
the microvilli have a large surface area
it has a good blood supply or lots of capillaries
the lining is one cell thick
accept ‘the lining is thin’ or ‘the blood is close to the
surface’ or ‘the blood vessels are close to the surface’
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(b) (i) enzymes accept ‘acid’ or ‘alkali’ or ‘HCl’ or ‘protease’ 1
(ii) any one from 1
lubricates the food
makes food pass along the intestine easily
prevents food sticking in the intestine
accept ‘it is part of the immune system’
(c) any one from 1
emulsifies them accept ‘emulsifies it’
breaks down large globules into smaller globules
do not accept ‘digests fat’ or ‘breaks it into smaller
molecules’ or ‘breaks them down’
increases the surface area
[5]
6. (a) (i) 1000 1 (L6)
(ii) any three from 3 (L7)
she was using her musclesaccept ‘she was using her muscles’
more
she needed more energy
her rate of respiration accept ‘more respiration’
increased
more oxygen was used up accept ‘more oxygen was needed’
more carbon dioxide wasaccept ‘there was more carbon dioxide to
produced remove’
accept for the first two marking points ‘her muscles need
more energy’
(b) (i) it became faster 1 (L6)
(ii) any one from 1 (L7)
the breaths are closer accept ‘the waves are closer together’
together
there are more breaths inaccept ‘there are more waves in 10 s’
10 s accept ‘there are three breaths in the first
ten seconds and five in the next ten
seconds’
[6]
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7. (a) it will increase it accept ‘make it go up’ or ‘make it faster’ 1
(b) blood accept ‘plasma’
do not accept ‘water’
(c) carbon dioxide
[3]
8. (a) any one from 1 (L5)
to prevent it collapsing accept ‘protects against collapse’
to keep it open ‘for protection’ is insufficient
for support accept ‘for strength’
accept ‘for flexibility’
(b) (i) A: oxygen accept ‘O2’ 1 (L5)
B: carbon dioxide accept ‘CO2’
both answers are required for the mark
(ii) any one from 1 (L6)
it is thin
it is one cell thick
it is close to the blood supply
accept ‘there is a diffusion gradient’
accept ‘it is moist’
(c) (i) any one from 1 (L6)
it moves mucus accept ‘it moves bacteria’
it sweeps dust from lungs
‘to clear or clean the airways’ is insufficient
(ii) any one from 1 (L5)
it paralyses the cilia
it stops the cilia working
it clogs the cilia
accept ‘it destroys them’
do not accept ‘it kills cilia’
(iii) nicotine 1 (L6)
[6]
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