Th e Ho u s e Dr a in , t h e
Ho u s e S e w e r , a n d t h e
S t o r m Dr a in
Chapter 3
CE 317: PLUMBING
ENGR. ALEX PROVIDO - INSTRUCTOR
HOUSE DRAIN Classification of Four Types
• sometimes referred to as the Collection Line of House Drain
of a Plumbing System.
• House Drain is that portion of the plumbing
system that receives discharges of all soil
and waste stacks within the building, and 1. Combined Drain
conveys the same to the House Sewer.
2. Sanitary Drain
3. Industrial Drain
4. Storm Drain
Classification of Four Types
of House Drain
Determining the Size of
House Drain
UNIT SYSTEM
-is the most practical method to
use in determining the size of a
house drain. It has been
formulated from tests conducted
by the Uniform Plumbing Code
Committee, a body consisting of
representatives of management,
labor and government standard
agencies.
Determining the Size of
House Drain
UNIT SYSTEM
• THE CODE COMMITTEE HAS FINALLY
DECIDED TO ADOPT THE WASHBASIN
DISCHARGE AS ONE FIXTURE UNIT.
ONE FIXTURE UNIT REPRESENTS 30
LITERS OF WATER. OTHER FIXTURES
DISCHARGES WERE ALSO TESTED AND
THE CORRESPONDING RESULTS WERE
ESTABLISHED AND LISTED IN TABLE 5-1
CALLED FIXTURE UNIT VALUES.
Determining the Size of
House Drain
- Before finding the size of a house drain, its
service must be known first, whether the
purpose is for sanitary waste or as storm drain.
a.) If the purpose is for sanitary waste, the
Fixture Unit load discharges will be the basis of
computation with reference to Table 5-1
b.) If the purpose is for storm drain, the roof
area that accumulates the major rainfall water
will be the basis in determining the size of the
pipe with reference to Table 9-1 and 9-2. It
seems that the approach is quite complex, but
simplified with the use of charts and data
compiled for years from the installation
experiences recorded by the Code Committee
The National Plumbing
1
No water closet shall discharge into
a drain less than 75 mm or 3 inches
Code guidelines for pipe diameter.
House Drain Explosion Risks: Handling
On House Drain, the Plumbing Code
Provides that: 2 chemicals and gases that
may explode.
Grade or Slope of the House Drain
Numerous tests proved that the sloped of a house drain has contributed much to the
effectiveness of the plumbing system . The house drain being a horizontal pipeline
must produce the necessary velocity and discharge capacity at a certain inclination,
to attain scouring action .
It is recommended under any circumstances that, a 2% slope for the
house drain should be maintained There are instances however, where
less than 2% slope was adopted, under the following circumstances:
1. When the depth of the sewer line in relation with the depth of the
basement floor is low.
2.Long sewer line would require lower pitch but should not be less
than 1%.
3.In case the sewer line slope is very slight, installation of the pipe
should be guided by leveling instrument for accuracy to prevent
sags or trapped piping
Grade or Slope of the House Drain
Grade or Slope of the House Drain
For instance, if the longest branch of a house drain is 8 meters, and the total drop is
16 centimeters, dividing 16 by 8 meters the value is 2% A pitch or slope more than 2%
percent, will increase the velocity and discharge capacity of the pipe, the effect
could be :
1. A danger that it might decrease the depth
of the water that is necessary to create a
scouring action.
2.This might cause a minus pressure if the
drain is over loaded to a flow capacity
Change of House Changes of house drain
direction is also governed
Drain Direction by the following conditions:
1. All changes in directions from horizontal to horizon- tal, or vertical
to horizontal flow, should be done with long radius fittings Short
Tees, ½ bends and short turn L. fittings, should not be permitted.
2. Soil branch should be run Right Angle to the main.
3. Fixture connection must run at Right Angle to the branch
Change of House Drain Direction
THE HOUSE DRAIN CLEANOUT
House Drain Cleanout
On House Drain Cleanout, the National Plumbing Code provides that:
1. The house drain shall be provided with adequate number of
cleanouts to prevent breaking of the floor, in case of drain stoppage.
2. The location of the cleanout depends upon the good judgment of the
plumber where it is readily accessible, in case of line trouble.
3. Any branch of the house drain terminating at a floor drain or fixture,
shall be provided with a 100 mm diameter pipe, extended at least 2
inches above the floor inserted in a 45 degrees Y branch in the
direction of the drain flow.
4. The cleanout shall be equipped with threaded screw cover provided
with a raised head that could be removed easily with a wrench.
House Drain Cleanout
On House Drain Cleanout, the National Plumbing Code provides that:
5. A cleanout extended above the floor, shall not be utilized
as a floor drain.
6. The trap of a floor drain shall be placed not more than 50
centimeters below the finished floor line, to facilitate
cleaning in case of line trouble.
7. A cleanout shall be installed at every 20 meters interval
distance, and also at the base of all soil and waste stack.
House Drain Cleanout
On House Drain Cleanout, the National Plumbing Code provides that:
5. A cleanout extended above the floor, shall not be utilized
as a floor drain.
6. The trap of a floor drain shall be placed not more than 50
centimeters below the finished floor line, to facilitate
cleaning in case of line trouble.
7. A cleanout shall be installed at every 20 meters interval
distance, and also at the base of all soil and waste stack.
House Drain
Appliances
I. House Trap
• Defined as a device installed in
the house drain immediately
inside the foundation wall of the
building. It serves as a barrier
and prevents the gases coming
from the public sewer or septic
tank in circulating through the
plumbing system.
BALANCE VALVE
House Drain
Appliances
Back Flow Valve
Back flow valves are constructed
UNBALANCE VALVE in two patterns and are classified
as:
1.The Balance Valve
2. The Unbalance Valve
House Drain
Appliances
II. Area Drain
The area drain assembly consists of a
running trap in- stalled under the
basement floor to protect it from
freezing. The trap is equipped with a
cleanout. The minimum size of an area
drain is 10 mm or 4" pipe to drain
basement entryways, loading
platforms, or driveways.
House Drain Appliances
III. Floor Drain
A floor drain is defined as, a receptacle used to
receive water to be drained from the floor into the
plumbing system. Sanitary authorities recognized
floor drain as plumbing fixture properly designed and
located where to receive liquid floor waste.
III. Floor Drain
On Floor Drain, the Plumbing Code Recommended the Following:
1. An average residence is provided with two floor drains. One located near the heating
equipment, and the other in the vicinity of the laundry in most instances, one floor drain is
provided to serve the entire basement. Because of this false economy, the result is an
annoying wet floor.
2.Every room where laundry equipment be provided with adequate floor drain is used, shall be
provided with adequate floor drain.
3.The drain proper must be located where the over- flowing water will not travel a great
distance over the floor before it enters the drain. It is recommended that the floor drain be
located at one end of the laundry tub. This will assure a dry floor where one stands when
using the fixture
4.Every floor drain shall be supplied with running water from a fixture located nearby. If the
fixture is less than 1.50 meters from the drain, it should be tapped but not necessarily vented.
5.Fixture drains which supply water to a floor drain, should be connected to the house side
and never to the sewer side of the trap
III. Floor Drain
On Floor Drain, the Plumbing Code Recommended the Following:
1. An average residence is provided with two floor drains. One located near the heating
equipment, and the other in the vicinity of the laundry in most instances, one floor drain is
provided to serve the entire basement. Because of this false economy, the result is an
annoying wet floor.
2.Every room where laundry equipment be provided with adequate floor drain is used, shall be
provided with adequate floor drain.
3.The drain proper must be located where the over- flowing water will not travel a great
distance over the floor before it enters the drain. It is recommended that the floor drain be
located at one end of the laundry tub. This will assure a dry floor where one stands when
using the fixture
4.Every floor drain shall be supplied with running water from a fixture located nearby. If the
fixture is less than 1.50 meters from the drain, it should be tapped but not necessarily vented.
5.Fixture drains which supply water to a floor drain, should be connected to the house side
and never to the sewer side of the trap
III. Floor Drain
The most common and frequent trouble experienced by home owners is the water
on the floor being rejected by the floor drain. One of its causes is the presence of
sand and other objectionable wastes accumulated inside the P. trap Sand and dirt
are accumulated inside the floor drain gradually when cleaning the floor. And to
remove this accumulated sand inside the P-trap is a real problem which has
started from the time when:
1. The plumber failed to anticipate this problem. He installed a 50 mm
or 2 inches P-Trap, which is too small for a human hand or tools to
clean.
2.The P trap installed might have been too deep be- low the floor line
despite of its being small in size.
III. Floor Drain
Reminders in Installing Floor Drain:
1. Floor drain is usually installed on basement floor. near the
heating equipment, below the kitchen sink, and vicinity of the
laundry
2.The 75 mm or (3") P-Trap is recommended minimum size for
floor drain. It should be installed not more than 20 centimeters
below the floor line.
3.The P-trap should be Deep Seal type.
4.The low inlet hub pattern P-trap is commonly used as floor
drain.
III. Floor Drain
Reminders in Installing Floor Drain:
1. Floor drain is usually installed on basement floor. near the
heating equipment, below the kitchen sink, and vicinity of the
laundry
2.The 75 mm or (3") P-Trap is recommended minimum size for
floor drain. It should be installed not more than 20 centimeters
below the floor line.
3.The P-trap should be Deep Seal type.
4.The low inlet hub pattern P-trap is commonly used as floor
drain.
Basement Floor Drain
The National Plumbing Code on Basement
floor drain provides that
"Cellar or basement floor drains shall
connect into a trap so constructed that it
can readily be cleaned and of a size to serve
the purpose efficiently for which it is
intended. The drain outlet should be so
located that it is at all times in full view.
When subjected to back flow pressure, such
drains shall be equipped with an adequate
Black Flow Valve."
House Drain Appliances
IV. Yard Catch Basin
Vard catch basin is defined as a receptacle used to
catch surface water drained from cemented courts,
driveways. and yards It could be a terminal for drain
tile installations used to drain water from athletic
fields.
House Drain Appliances
V. Garage Catch Basin
Garage catch basin is a device designed to convey
wastes from garage, wash rack, grease pits and repair
floors into the house drain. Wastes coming from these
ar- eas contain objectionable elements like grease, oil,
grit and gasoline that are detrimental to the drainage
installation as well as the sewage disposal system. These
sediments cause stoppage and affect the operation of
the sewage disposal plant.
House Drain Appliances
VI. Grease Basins
Most stoppage in the plumbing system were found to be
caused by grease and oil contained in the waste
discharges. This is more prevalent in large kitchens
serving hotels, dining rooms, clubhouses and
restaurants. To over- come this problem, a device known
as a grease trap is in- stalled on the waste line.
Installing the Grease Basin
1. The grease trap shall be installed as close to the fixtures as possible More
than one fixture can discharge into the same trap, provided that the waste
pipe is not very long and the trap has sufficient size
2.A grease trap placed on the ground is earth cooled Earth-Cooled Grease
Trap is used on large installation and is most desirable type.
3.The basin width should not be less than 60 centimeters. The length should
be from 3 to 4 times its width to attain a smooth and non-agitated flow.
4.The minimum depth of concrete grease trap should not be less than 120
cm. below the outlet invert.
5.The size of a grease trap is measured through the volume of fixture units
to be discharged. It could be sized according to the number of meals
served estimated at 4 to 5 gallons of liquid capacity for each meal.
Experienced sanitarians estimated double the actual volume of waste to
which the trap will serve.
The House Sewer
House Sewer
- is sometimes called the Building Sewer. It is defined as, that portion of the
horizontal drainage system, which starts from the outer face of the building
and terminates at the main sewer in the street or septic tank.
House Sewer Connection to Main Sewer
- The house sewer is connected to the main sewer by boring
a small hole through the concrete pipe, using a sharpened
steel chisel or electric drill. The hole is gradually enlarged to
receive the sleeve.
General Conditions in Installing Sewer Pipes
1. Secure permits from the sewerage authority.
2.Verify the depth of the house drain outlet.
3.Determine the depth of the connection with the main
sewer in the street and the grade of the house sewer.
4.The depth is found by measuring the length of the
longest branch of the house drain multiplied by the pre-
planned pitch per meter.
5.Add the required 30 cm ground coverings from the top
of the concrete floor or 40 centimeters of ground
covering without concrete floor.
General Conditions in Installing Sewer Pipes
6. Verify the depth of the connection to be made with
the main sewer. Remove the manhole cover on both
ends. Measure the depth using a meter tape or stick.
7. The grade of the house sewer could be found through
the difference between the House Sewer and the depth
of the Main Sewer. A leveling instrument will give a
satisfactory result. Additional grade can be made with
the use of 1/8 bend considered as the most practical
method of establishing grade.
Size of the House Sewer
The size of house sewer for residential connection to the
main or septic tank has been established by sanitary
authorities, based on their records of installation tests, and
mathematical conclusions .
The old practice is to use 150 mm or 6 inches diameter
cement or vitrified clay pipe for house sewer . If plastic pipe or
its interior surface texture equivalent is used, the diameter can
be reduced to 100 mm diameter, subject to the standard rules,
promulgated by the National Plumbing Code .
THE STORM DRAIN
Storm Drain
- is that unit of the plumbing system that conveys rain or storm water to a
suitable terminal. Storm water is normally discharged into street gutter conveyed
by public drain system and carried to some natural drainage terminal like canals,
rivers, lakes and the like.
As a general rule, storm drain is not permitted to discharge into a septic tank or to the
main sewer line. The collection and disposal of storm water is an important phase of
plumbing system that should not be ignored, otherwise, water coming from the roof if
not properly diverted might create problems like:
1. Settlement of the structure cause by erosion or washing away the soil from the
foundation.
2. Subjecting the basement floor and walls to unnecessary ground water pressure
and possible leakage.
3. Rundown water may create walls and window leakage.
4. Water may spill on people passing by or approaching entry door.
5. Erode the surrounding grounds and cause disfiguring of the landscape areas.
Splash Pan
-is a collector of water coming down from the downspout
leading the accumulated water away from the house at a
relatively low rate of flow.
STORM DRAIN IS CLASSIFIED INTO THREE TYPES
THE INSIDE STORM OUTSIDE STORM OVERHEAD STORM
DRAIN DRAIN DRAIN
SIZE OF STORM DRAIN
The size of Storm Drain is determined under the following considerations:
1. Gauging the rainfall over a given period, whether it is constant or
exceedingly heavy shower of short duration.
2. Consider the varying roof areas, the slope, and the distance of water
traveled before it reaches the conductors of the roof.
3. Water drains faster on high pitch roof. Hence, requires a larger drainage
pipe than that of a flat roof.
4. The height of the building, contribute largely to the velocity of water falling
inside a vertical pipe conductor. The velocity fall accelerate the flow of water
entering into the storm drain.
5. The use of improper fittings and short offsets that will affect the flow of water
must be avoided.
SIZE OF STORM DRAIN
The conservative estimate of maximum
rainfall in the Philippines is about 20 mm
in a 5 minutes interval. Using this data,
the approximate volume of water that will
be ac- cumulated on the roof in one
minute can be readily computed using
Table 9-1, Size of Storm Drain.
ILLUSTRATION9- 1
What size of storm drain is adequate to serve a roof having a slope of 2%
with a general dimension of 20 x 30 meters?
SOLUTION
1. Solve for the roof area
Area = 20 x 30
A = 600 sq . m
2.Refer to Table 9- 1. Under 2% slope, 600 sq . m . is within the limit of 700 sq .
m . roof area which could be served effectively by a 150 mm . pipe diameter .
3.2 - 4: Grade and Change of Direction
-The storm drain is installed providing a slope of not more
than 2% per meter run A combination of Y and 1/8 bend or a
long radius fitting is appropriate for any change in direction.
3.2 - 5: Roof Leader
Roof Leader is popularly known as water
conductor or downspout either concealed or
exposed type. It connects the roof terminal to
the storm drain. The size of roof leader can be
found easily with the aid of Table 9-2.
ILLUSTRATION9- 2
How large is a downspout required to drain the roof with a general dimensions
as shown in Figure 9- 6
SOLUTION
1. Find the area of roof - A
10 x 20 200 sq . m
2.Refer to Table 9- 2. Under column 1, the 200 sq . m . roof area is within the limit of 166 to 335 .
Thus, specify 100 mm or ( 4 ") diameter downspout
3.Find the area of roof - B
8 x 20 160 sq . m
4 .Refer to Table 9- 2. The value of 160 sq . m . requires a 75 mm ( 3") roof leader .
5. Therefore, specify a 75 mm pipe diameter
Comments :
1. From illustration 9- 2, it appears that roof A requires a 100 mm pipe diameter and 75 mm for roof B. If
only one roof leader will be installed in each roof considering the 20 meters length of the gutter, the
rainwater has to travel a long way before it reaches the roof terminal .
Under such condition, the gutter might be overloaded and overflow is likely to occur .
2. The standard practice is to provide two or more terminals for roof leader to avoid clogging and
over - flow . The found size of the pipe if installed on two terminals would be oversized and ex - pensive .
Thus, it is necessary to select two smaller pipes with a . hole area equivalent to 100 mm and 75 mm
diameter respectively .
SOLUTION
1. The 100 mm or 4 " diameter as found has a cross sectional area of :
Area of a circle = .7854 x d²
Area = 7854 x 4 ² = 12.56 sq . in .
2. Divide into two terminals = 6.28 sq . in .
3. The gross sectional area of a 75 mm ( 3") is 7.06 in greater than 6.28 .
Therefore, specify 2 pcs . 75 mm . diameter pipe .
SECOND SOLUTION
1.Area of the roof A = 200 sq . m .
2.Divide by 2 terminals = 100 sq . m .
3.Refer to Table 9- 2. The 100 sq m area is within the parameter of 76 and 165
sq . m . therefore, specify 2 pieces 75 mm diameter pipe .
4. For roof area B = 160 sq . m .
5.Divide by 2 terminals = 80 sq . m .
6.Refer to Table 9- 2, 75 mm pipe is sufficient .
7.Specify 2 pieces 75 mm downspout for roof B
EXPOSED AND CONCEALED TYPE ROOF LEADER
COMBINED STORM AND SANITARY DRAIN
THE END..
GROUP LEADER: SHARA MARIE BLEGARIO
MEMBERS:
Carl Joseph Alfaro - very mindful
Cyrene June Bolivar - haha
John Anthony Bernaldez -
Divine Mae Capito - absent
Anthony Fuene - very cutesy
Elisha Glaze Lo - very demure
Mark John Miranda - nag ubra ppt
Wilson Ninal - ari pagid
Narzvil Villanueva - babe
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