Andalúcia college-Pemba
12th grade Stream C 4th group
-prision
-adjectives of comparative and superlative degree (short and long
adjectives )
Students:
Teacher :
Ncade Adangue
Mussa Fernando Jonas Aiuba
Nayyara Ntave Jonas Ntave
Nurjane Equibal Raisse Ismael
Mariama Yahaia
08 October 2024
Andalúcia college-Pemba
12th grade Stream C 4th group
-prision
-adjectives of comparative and superlative degree (short and long
adjectives )
Teacher :
Ncade Adangue
The History and Function of Prisons
Introduction
These present work we are going to discuss the main points about
prisons, from their history to their current state, without mentioning
that:
Prisons play a crucial role in modern society as part of the criminal
justice system. The idea of incarcerating individuals for punishment
and rehabilitation has evolved over centuries, with different
approaches depending on the historical and cultural context. This
paper explores the origin, purpose, and challenges of prisons, while
also discussing the effectiveness of the current prison system.
In addition we are going to explain about Adjectives of comparative
and superlative degree (short and long adjectives)
History of Prisons
Prison as a form of punishment developed over time. In the past,
more brutal forms of punishment were common, such as torture,
public executions, or banishment. It was only in the 18th century that
prison began to be widely used as a punishment in itself. This concept
of incarceration gained momentum during the Enlightenment, when it
was believed that criminals could be rehabilitated.
In Europe, the famous Newgate Prison in London and the Bastille in
France are examples of institutions that served as models for modern
incarceration systems. In the United States, the Eastern State
Penitentiary in Philadelphia is a significant example of a reformative
approach, focusing on rehabilitation through isolation and reflection.
The Role and Function of Prisons
Prisons have four main functions: punishment, detention, societal
protection, and rehabilitation. Punishment involves restricting the
offender’s freedom as a consequence for their crime. Detention
prevents the individual from committing further crimes while
incarcerated. Societal protection aims to ensure that dangerous
criminals do not harm the community, and rehabilitation is the effort
to reintegrate inmates into society after serving their sentences.
Problems of the Current Prison System
Despite its purpose, the prison system faces many challenges. One of
the biggest problems is overcrowding, which occurs in many countries
worldwide, making it difficult to implement rehabilitation programs
and increasing violence within prisons. Additionally, the lack of
resources and proper conditions for inmates has sparked debates
about the effectiveness and morality of mass incarceration.
Recidivism is another major challenge. Many inmates, after being
released, return to committing crimes, suggesting that the
rehabilitation system often fails. Various experts have proposed
alternatives to traditional prisons, such as probation programs and
alternative sentences like community service.
Conclusion
Prisons are an essential part of the justice system, but they face many
problems that limit their effectiveness, especially in terms of
rehabilitation and crime prevention. Reforming the prison system and
seeking more humane alternatives are necessary for punishment,
protection, and rehabilitation to be achieved in a more balanced way.
Adjectives of Comparative and Superlative
Degree (Short and Long Adjectives)
Introduction
Adjectives are words used to describe or modify nouns and pronouns,
providing additional information about their characteristics. In English,
adjectives can express different degrees of comparison: the positive
degree (simple description), the comparative degree (comparing two
things), and the superlative degree (comparing three or more things).
This work will focus on the rules and usage of the comparative and
superlative degrees, especially distinguishing between short and long
adjectives.
Comparative Degree
The comparative degree is used when comparing two people, objects,
or situations. Depending on the length of the adjective (short or long),
the formation of the comparative degree follows specific rules.
Short Adjectives: These are typically adjectives with one syllable or
two syllables ending in -y.
For most one-syllable adjectives, we add -er to the base form of the
adjective.
Example: fast → faster
For one-syllable adjectives ending in a single consonant preceded by
a single vowel, the final consonant is doubled, and then -er is added.
Example: big → bigger
For two-syllable adjectives ending in -y, the -y changes to -i before
adding -er.
Example: happy → happier
Long Adjectives: These are adjectives with two or more syllables, not
ending in -y.
Instead of adding -er, we use more before the adjective.
Example: beautiful → more beautiful
Example: intelligent → more intelligent
Superlative Degree
The superlative degree is used to compare three or more people,
objects, or situations, expressing the highest or lowest degree of a
quality.
Short Adjectives:
For one-syllable adjectives, we add -est to the base form.
Example: fast → fastest
For one-syllable adjectives ending in a single consonant preceded by
a single vowel, we double the final consonant and add -est.
Example: big → biggest
For two-syllable adjectives ending in -y, the -y changes to -i before
adding -est.
Example: happy → happiest
Long Adjectives:
For adjectives with two or more syllables (not ending in -y), we use
most before the adjective to form the superlative degree.
Example: beautiful → most beautiful
Example: intelligent → most intelligent
Irregular Comparatives and Superlatives
Some adjectives do not follow the regular rules and have irregular
forms in both the comparative and superlative degrees. These must
be memorized because they don’t adhere to the -er/-est or more/most
patterns.
Example: good → better → best
Example: bad → worse → worst
Example: far → farther → farthest (in terms of physical
distance)
Usage and Examples
Comparative:
She is faster than her brother. (Comparing two people)
This book is more interesting than the other one. (Comparing two
objects)
Superlative:
He is the fastest runner in the race. (Comparing three or more
runners)
This is the most difficult problem in the exam. (Comparing all
problems in the exam)
Conclusion
Understanding the use of adjectives in comparative and superlative
degrees is essential for making comparisons in English. By knowing
the difference between short and long adjectives, as well as how to
form the comparative and superlative degrees for each, learners can
express these ideas more accurately. Additionally, irregular adjectives
add an extra layer of complexity that requires memorization. These
forms are fundamental for fluency in describing qualities and making
comparisons in English.
