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20 views

emi project

Uploaded by

yogabalaji70
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© © All Rights Reserved
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You are on page 1/ 13

ELECTROMAGNETIC

INDUCTION
INDEX
6
Aim

7
Introduction

8
Principle
9-12
Theory

13
Observation

Conclusion
14

Application of emf 15

Precaution 16

Bibliography 17
AIM

To study the phenomenon of Electromagnetic

INTRODUCTION

Electro Magnet:
An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced
by electric current. The magnetic field disappears when the current is turned off.

Electromagnetic induction:
Electromagnetic induction is the production of a potential difference (voltage)
across a conductor when it is exposed to a varying magnetic field.
Electromagnetic induction is when an electromagnetic field causes molecules
in another object to flow. Induction can produce electricity (in coils), heat (in
ferrous metals), or waves (in a radio transmitter).
Finally, it is referring to the phenomenon where an emf is induced when the
magnetic flux linking a conductor change.

magnetic flux
Magnetic Flux is defined as the product of the magnetic flux density and the
area normal to the field through which the field is passing. It is a scalar quantity
and its S.I. unit is the weber (Wb)

p=BA

PRINCIPLE:
Electromagnetic induction (or sometimes just induction) is a
process where a conductor placed in a changing magnetic field (or
a conductor moving through a stationary magnetic field) causes
the production of a voltage across the conductor. This process of
electromagnetic induction, in turn, causes an electrical current – it
is said to induce the current

THEORY
INVENSION:
Michael Faraday is generally credited with the
discovery of induction in 1831 though it may have
been anticipated by the work of Francesco
Zantedeschi in 1829. Around 1830 to 1832, Joseph
Henry made a similar discovery, but did not
publish his findings until later.

Induced e.m.f:
If magnetic flux through a coil is altered then an
e.m.f. will be generated in the coil. This effect was
first observed and explained by Ampere and
Faraday between 1825 and 1831. Faraday
discovered that an e.m.f. could be generated
either by,
(a) moving the coil or the source of flux relative to
each other or
(b) By changing the magnitude of the source of
magnetic flux.
Note that the e.m.f. is only produced while the
flux is changing

Working and Construction:


Current is produced in a conductor when it is
moved through a magnetic field because the
magnetic lines of force are applying a force on
the free electrons in the conductor and causing
them to move. This process of generating current
in a conductor by placing the conductor in a
changing magnetic field is called induction. This
is called induction because there is no physical
connection between the conductor and the
magnet. The current is said to be induced in the
conductor by the magnetic field. One
requirement for this electromagnetic induction to
take place is that the conductor, which is often a
piece of wire, must be perpendicular to the
magnetic lines of force in order to produce the
maximum force on the free electrons. The
direction that the induced current flows is
determined by the direction of the lines of force
and by the direction the wire is moving in the
field. In the animation above the ammeter (the
instrument used to measure current) indicates
when there is current in the conductor.
Lenz's Law:
When an emf is generated by a change in
magnetic flux according to Faraday's Law, the
polarity of the induced emf is such that it
produces a current whose magnetic field opposes
the change which produces it. The induced
magnetic field inside any loop of wire always acts
to keep the magnetic flux in the loop constant. In
the examples below, if the B field is increasing,
the induced field acts in opposition to it. If it is
decreasing, the induced field acts in the direction
of the applied field to try to keep it constant.

Applications
The EMF generated by Faraday's law of induction
due to relative movement of a circuit and a
magnetic field IS the phenomenon underlying
electrical generators. When a permanent magnet
is moved relative to a conductor, or vice versa,
an electromotive force is created. If the wire is
connected through an electrical load, current will
flow, and thus electrical energy is generated,
converting the mechanical energy of motion to
electrical energy

Electrical transformer:
The EMF predicted by Faraday's law is also
responsible for electrical transformers.
When the electric current in a loop of wire
changes, the changing current creates a
changing magnetic field. A second wire in
reach of this magnetic field will experience
this change in magnetic field as a change in
its coupled magnetic flux, dB/dt. Therefore,
an electromotive force is set up in the
second loop called the induced EMF or
transformer EMF. If the two ends of this
loop are connected through an electrical
load, current will flow.
OBSERVATION

 Magnet is moved at certain rate and


certain voltage is produced.
 Magnet is moved at faster rate and
creating a greater induced voltage.
 Magnet is moved at same speed
through coil that has greater
number of turn and greater voltage
is induced.
CONCLUSION
Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic
Induction, first observed and published
by Michael Faraday in the mid-
nineteenth century, describes a very
important electro-magnetic concept.
Although its mathematical
representations are cryptic, the essence
of Faraday's is not hard to grasp: it
relates an induced electric

potential or voltage to a dynamic


magnetic field. This concept has many
far-reaching ramifications that touch
our lives in many ways: from the shining
of the sun, to the convenience of mobile
communications, to electricity to power
our homes. We can all appreciate the
profound impact Faraday's Law has on
us.
MICHAEL FARADAY

APPLICATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION IN REAL LIFE

The principles of electromagnetic


induction are applied in many
devices and systems, including:
 Electrical generators
 Induction motors
 Induction sealing
 Inductive charging
 Transformers
 Wireless energy transfer
 Wireless charger

PRECAUTIONS
 Do all the connection carefully
 Do not scratch insulated copper wire
while making loop
 Do not use digital voltmeter for above
demonstration
 Do not use very thick or thin copper
wire
 Use only insulated copper wire
 Keep your self safe from high voltage
 Before doing any experiment please
consult to your subject teacher or lab
assistance

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Wikipedia.com
 Google search engine
 Physics NCERT book for class XII

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