INDEX

S.No. Date Name of Experiment Page No. Signature

22/2o3 CLINICAL EXAMINATION OF RADIAL PULSE (PY 5.12) 1-4

2s/2/202 RECORDING OF ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE (PY 5.12) 5-8

3 28/1-202 EFFECT OF POSTURE ON BLOOD PRESSURE (PY 5.12)
4 29/12/2022 EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON BLOOD PRESSURE (PY 5.12,3.15) I|-12
5 ERGOGRAPHY (PY 3.14)
6 |24/b\/2 ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY (PY 5.13)
7 SPIROMETRY (PY 6.8, 6.10)
8 PERIMETRY (PY 10.20)
9 05 /02h GENERAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATION (PY 11.13) 24

10 CLINICAL EXAMINATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (PY 5.15)|

11 CLINICAL EXAMINATION OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (PY 6.9)

12 CLINICAL EXAMINATION OF SENSORY SYSTEM (PY 10.11)

13 CLINICAL EXAMINATIONOF MOTOR SYSTEM (PY 10.11)
14 CLINICAL EXAMINATIONOF REFLEXES (PY 10.11)
10.11,10.20)
15 CLINICAL EXAMINATION OF CRANIAL NERVES (PY

16 HIGHER MENTAL FUNCTIONS (PY 10.11)

17 CLINICAL EXAMINATIONOF THE ABDOMEN (PY 4.10)

 INDEX

S.No. Date Name of Experiment Page No.\Signatu

HAEMATOLOGY EXPERIMENTS
1 3 /o)2STUDY OF MICROSCOPE
2 74-97
oc//h033 HAEMOCYTOMETRY
3
13/1/202 TOTAL ERYTHROCYTE COUNT (PY2.11)
4 //2a8 TOTAL LEUCOCYTE COUNT (PY2.11)
5
ESTIMATIONOF HAEMOGLOBIN (PY2.11)
6 CALCULATION OF BLO0D INDICES (PY2.11)
7 DIFFERENTIAL LEUCOCYTE COUNT (PY2.11)
8 TESTS FOR HAEMOSTASIS: (PY2.11)
BLEEDING TIME AND CLOTTING TIME 34-40
- BLOOD GROUPING 41-92

AMPHIBIANCHARTS (PY3.18)
NERVE MUSCLE CHARTS

2 CARDIAC CHARTS
 Date

PULSE
CLINICAL EXAMINATION OF RADIAL
AIM: Toclinically examine radial pulse. pressur
arterial wall due to
of
DEFINITION : It is defined as rhythmic expansion and elongation
diastole of the heart.
changes produced at the root ofthe aorta during systole: and
sITES OF RECORDING PULSE
Carotid artery 5. Popliteal artery
1.
Posterior tibial artery
2. Brachial artery 6
7.
Dorsalis pedis artery
3. Radial artery
4. Femoral artery

DIGITALEXAMINATION OF RADIALPULSE:

slightly compres
the 3 middle fingers
PROCEDURE- Radial pulse is best felt with the tip of
vessels against underlying bony prominence.

&forearm semipronated.
POSITION -Elbow slightly flexed, wrist semi flexed

FUNCTIONSOF THREE FINGERS

flow.
Proximal index finger-For regulating the blood
Middle finger-For counting the pulse.
finger-For occlusion of reflection of pulse wave from the palmar arterial arch.
Distal

Radial a
 OBSERVATION AND REPORT:

i) Nam

3)Gendea - Male
4) Adh - Bala

a) Rhthm - normal

) hurackeh- normal wun

) Condtn o the veohal wal non halpalde
)Rsdt -radal delay -no delay Crormal)
Artehy
inooral artey
arotd urthy

Craukial arty þalfate

Rad'al teuy eabe
ar ey bapake
Jalathe

þotpadle 4
 Ys noTmal

wall due to rexsure ekangs redced.

Drdgeon'
eod bul

3. the patient
a char
frnges
protnal thder finge- for reguting blond fou
middle
d'sta -for occlusin arel

oletro
namal
Bul are
toudseo
$) hus hady casd's - het
A
<)hus tacyeaa heast (ate greae than i4p bea
 Snus arrhythimya is aa nood phuysolog teot
5.
ho alteha h physognomea
heart
ycles
Beas t sae here&! h rsbrot do ue ases
acorahbn n auonomi ot

6 Sos bradycarda

Gawnd ee
4edema

Shnus tachycard

?. Ras o
pulos
d ho asrti

defference behueen pulse ak& heart ad

huaal lock

4.

6en m atal fibr lahtn

Bregulas ashytny
 QUESTIONS:
1 Define Blood Pressure, Systolic BP, Diastolic BP, Pulse Pressure, ànd Mean Arterial Pressure.
Write normal range.
2 What are the methods of recording BP?
3 Why is the palpatory method pertormed before auscultatory method?
4 What is auscutatory gap and what is its significanca?
5 What is the ideal size of the cuff for different age groups?
6 What is Korotkof's sound? How are they produced?
7 What is (a) Streamline flow or Laminar flow? (b) Tubulent flow?(c) Reynold's number?
8 What are the regulating factors for BP? Name the reflexes involved in regulation.
Merts and demerits of palpatory method.
10. What is hypertension? Classity and mention its causes.
11. Mention Causes for Physiological variation of BP.

Ansueks
þresur
blud

ernal rary loDmy 14Omty

besure ptedaced durny

Normal ommHg- 5o mmlg

Mean ortehia. retsue
Cardioe yele

a cana
aft animals

palfaty mebad 8

ausekatory mehod
 sSdenthcattbn
asculbtery mehod

4 Auselbotony method s a pesiod d Annahad abin

Korotenf `ounds e manual meayuremort
þressure
wwdetected
undenstthyst sytke
5. gau Br cuH (20 -25 n)
reanlas cuf (25.1 -32 cam)
twg BPf (32.1 - 40 cn)
exha

6. Karoteeft iuds are Sounds brodued by tutdent ood fow

te Sowds head ton auscuthhon

kcomes

but ewoTnes
Phase onges 1Snntfa nfesre

Phase &- Sands n charac d y

Smund asopless comieés
 a) lantha flo - flaw opd
ebry hteases from ipy to
centre

Dn damesa

rato tt heatal frcos

Lf-densthy Ds meta

Ke <2000 ’

tubuler feo

shat team hlues brorcophor refer, choreflor &Cuhry reer

long 4em mchdes rral mohangms
befie ete
4.m eetFk d s helps agid

demoiy- 8 net arcale

reesre
 is nystaned weattn
Vaally means e h di'ootoe bssre
St erdaly hseleosibn

wnheay afet, my ek
s Caed duu to Var,

sgd),rgnny,ege'
11. Phmyoto logital
kmae (huue to
yea a mal

Ste alsag rises due to teises Cadie

BP lerass
 Date :

EFFECT OF POSTURE ON BLOOD

PRESSURE
AIM: To study the effect of posture on blood
pressure.
APPARATUS: Sphygmomanometer, stethoscope &an examination couch.
PROCEDURE
1 Subject is asked to lie supine quietly on a couch for 5-10 minutes.
2 The cuff is tied on the arm, the pulse rate and blood
pressure by both methods is recorded.
3. Do not untie the cuff.
4. Subject is asked to stand from lying position immediately and the pulse rate
pressure (auscultatory method) is recorded immediately, after 2 minutes andand blood
after 5 minutes.
5. While recording during standing the B.P apparatus is kept on the table.
6 Observations are entered in a tabular form.
NOTE: On standing B.P is recorded immediately.
OBSERVATIONS

NAME - eeyan Kshore

Pulse Rate SBP DBP

Supine : 40
Standing: immediate:

After 2 min:

After 5 min

Report BP
Banding
e BP re coTdod 2 mih n

nference SBP dereoved n

 QUESTIONS

1.
What are the changes you observe on immediate standing &why?
2. Why should the effect be recorded immediately on standing?
3. What is the clinical significance of this practical?
4. What is postural hypotension?
5 Explain baroreceptor reflex with a diagram.

barsreephos wih eper meehn

OPostural hypehenstn Can be deketd - dcae tme

barorecafiar yes
Junchon
Peoblems totfie þersnel hey stard wthut
brady cawsa hypokstn &edai edevo
4 kudden
 VMCacnattn
NTS hhibis
nene aferent the ne
n discher Jed
J
stenhm lons
rdiac
u creased de dlladn Vago tufut ymaReh Jed
(vM) entre
rale heart vosontor hibio
medula
hu hBoltar
us achus nuceuy oetatibn
trafe nwe herees
ha
char tie aTsus carefid coftrs barvre
change natue deferdhg has
2
angf ressue bchrcen unks v
l Koudchanta/h heant tho chenges
h
sconds regaks
h as msl
DaecoptoT
rfer
Date:

EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON BL0ODPRESSURE &HEART RATE

AIM:Etfect of exercise on blood pressuro

PRINCIPLE :Cardiovascular functions alter during exercise. Blood pressure and pulse is recorded
hetore and immediately after exercise to study the effect of exercise on these
parameters.

APPARATUS:Stethoscope, sphygmomanometer

METHOD:
1. Record resting blood pressure and pulse in sitting posture.
2. Ask the subject to perform exercises like spot jogging 60steps/min for 5minutes or running up
the stairs for 5 minutes [with the cuff in position).
3 Record the blood pressure and pulse immediately, after 2 minutes, 5min, &10 min after exercise
in sitting position.

OBSERVATION:

PULSE
SBP DBP PP MAP
RATE

Before exercise |% beaty/ eonihg30mm

Immediately after exercise b6 bals/ 3ammHy
2 min

5min

10min

Discuss your observation :

REPORT: BP re corded befor

BP re cor ded trrescy fe

ches back to
Tnferen e - 6 hereases e ertse &
ormal ofte 5 min
 huea copoiy vk
cofacy breathg in
faue
Cardiosasalar
latn
Yelaahn duequcely
el hT
sb noTmel
B retun
o to fne
tu dee rale heart hcreae
n 4.
rtstne
du bame renah may DBP
to due creass h Rood +
vedten
cardoc to due
cout t Cardiac
d yk ho done
change
msce
Poehr'e
Segments (isoelectric line)

PR Segment- Between the end of the P wave &the beginning of the QRS complex.
SISegment- Between the end of the QRS complex &the beginning of the T wave (J Point- the
point where the QRS complexX ends &the ST segment begins).

Intervals

PR Interval- Between the beginningof the P wave to the beginning of the ORS complex. Normal
duration -0.12 -0.2sec. PR interval shortens as the heart rate increases.

0.10sec.
ORS Interval-Beginning of the Q wave to the J point. Normal duration - 0.08-

QT Interval- Beginning of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave.

Normal duration -0.40-0.43sec

R Waves. The RR interval is measured for

RR Interval- This is the interval between two successive
calculating the heart rate.

Calculation of Heart rate = Speed of the paper (25mm/s) x 60 second

RR Interval (no of small squares)

QUESTIONS
1. What is the clinical importance of recording ECG?
2. Name the conditions where the PR interval is prolonged.
3. What is Heart block? What are the types?
4. Mention the importance of ST segment.
changes?
5. What is angina pectoris? What are the ECG
ECG changes for fresh &old infarct?
6. What is myocardial infarction? What are the
of Cardiac axis?
7. What is a Vector? What is the normal range

1. t wndelstnd anathcl
t deeama relate hea
covdicttn
to detet tscheneo mycardim

18
 Condttbn hehe PR mieNal dngle

d) Pheumatie cordts

Bluch tu sle ch'at conduchn tem haat

SA hode beock block cotn Sh node
he melde -) Sn nade
SA nade mab ta 6 beosl
Sn node

AV node block
thyelud

bloee
4. 57 Segmend reprynt meaal behn
Sgm my halak corsy
is chaa
S7 elevahtn ny nete hdecat tronsmral

5. thgha ataris -refes to e lest þah due to sehoemt

yo curdlal TschaemA due to deercoscd b K d ,shied

reglts h acemulaton P facr is chaewc tssue

-Tovatd T. waes
-fateny ware
ST segnent elevatn
5T Mgmmnt daprenen
Deercacel R-ware hght
6. ioeada! nfarchbu
-hfarchtn crs by mohe en
oTenany ortagjes
-change onflitude
’ 97elewattom

has bth magde drrchtn

hat
EC9,
wave (P, gRs &T waey)
fh sbace. S an
mas
a 30 electne vechor that
Cen
in space tne
cardac
Obscivaton tHead ale -
RR hteaval
L500
|4
hva PR Tnteaal s 4o. 04 sö I6
Subre cto heat ae s l3 baats mh
,R uRes
&ubjeels hesat rae s atae noemol noinal rony 6o-o bee
ardiac i's 6o
R usare
L3 -

4120

Raport- My subfects cordre anis s

Snfehence - My bubiecto cahdia a0S ts n rernal
rage C- 30 to +o)
 Sneoh shreleha pithg/nan-
(hand (sad pitfy
austele -Meaurte,
post
enlarsed are nades luh ehede
9f -to
edenrpaty lyph (e
ras behten wtndw diamond halan.
No tanal
n¡is
his fhgn s, ,loe taeara no tp checked
at
dscdoraton
Gg/dl) bulsh
heaplang
(2 redcad
Hb yansis- ()
Cahy ral pan, Scleka, Nais, BetAs - 6)
cavty mad ed, nal
ruordg rale pulse sins vital *
nouriyhment but
place
ed orterted
to sbject
is place t&
me to
normal
fepressn: Spach
htehested not Ntmalll apbeshance Genel k
Wsy
oestteh yee menstal gardg tory Mfemele
hs
ea
rena,sitly ete drus
amogalcohol, kms Smokthg,
pral kelakd
ttnl. þasfreatment
n tlaen, þaststah, manal ton,
oCcupahon 9enden,
ODSERVATIPN