PARTICLE TECHNOLOGY

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES

Screening 7. Calculate the total load to the crusher.

Screening a. 6300 lb/hr c. 7100 lb/hr
- a unit operation where a mixture of various sizes of particles is b. 5500 lb/hr d. 4200 lb/hr
separated into two or more portions, each of which is more
uniform in particle size than the original mixture by allowing the 8. What is the screen effectiveness?
material to pass over a surface provided with the openings of a. 70% c. 58%
the desired size. b. 82% d. 63%

1. The material passing one screening surface and retained on a For numbers 9 to 10:
subsequent surface is called Limestone is crushed by six units operating in parallel and the
a. intermediate material c. plus material products separated by six 35-mesh screens also in parallel, into two
b. minus material d. none of these fractions. The effective dimensions of each screen is 6 ft by 20 ft. The
common undersize from the screens come out at the rate of 50
2. In screen analysis, notation 10 mm / 5 mm means passing through tons/hour. Assume no losses.
a. 10 mm screen and retained on 5 mm screen
b. 5 mm screen and retained on 10 mm screen Mesh Size Feed Size Oversize Undersize
c. both 5 mm and 13 mm screens 6/8 0.075 0.080 0.020
d. neither 5 mm nor 10 mm screens 8/10 0.125 0.145 0.055
10/20 0.100 0.170 0.090
3. For sizing of fine materials, the most suitable equipment is a 20/28 0.125 0.150 0.085
a. trommel c. grizzly 28/35 0.125 0.280 0.100
b. shaking screen d. vibrating screen 35/48 0.175 0.175 0.150
48/65 0.225 0.150
Screen Aperture 65/100 0.050 0.250
- clear space between the individual wires of the screen.
100/150 0.100
Mesh Number
9. What is the efficiency of each screen?
- number of apertures per linear inch.
a. 52.8% c. 56.7%
b. 55.3% d. 58.9%
Sieve Scales
- is a series of testing sieves having openings in a fixed
10. Calculate the capacity of each screen in lb/24 hour per sqft.
succession. The ratio of aperture of a given sieve to the
a. 5750 c. 5280
aperture of the next one in a sieve series is constant.
b. 5120 d. 5340
4. Mesh number indicates the number of holes per
11. As particle size is reduced
a. square inch c. square foot
a. screening becomes progressively more difficult
b. linear inch d. linear foot
b. screening becomes progressively easier
c. capacity and effectiveness of the screen is increased
5. Screen efficiency is
d. none of these
a. recovery x rejection c. recovery
b. rejection d. none of these
12. Increasing the capacity of screen
a. decreases the screen effectiveness
6. It is desired to separate a mixture of sugar crystals into two fractions,
b. does not affect the screen effectiveness
a coarse fraction retained on an 8-mesh screen, and a fine fraction
c. increases the screen effectiveness
passing through it. Screen analysis of the feed, coarse and fine
d. none of these
fractions below
Mass fraction of +8 particles in feed =0.46
13. Screen capacity is not a function of
Mass fraction of +8 particles in coarse particles =0.88
a. its openings size c. screening mechanism
Mass fraction of +8 particles in fine fractions =0.32
b. screening surface d. atmospheric humidity.
Calculate the overall effectiveness of the screen used for the
separation purpose per 100 kg of feed.
14. A screen is said to be blinded when
a. 45% c. 40%
a. oversizes are present in undersize fraction
b. 55% d. 50%
b. undersizes are retained in oversize fraction
c. the screen is plugged with solid particles
For numbers 7 to 8:
d. its capacity is abruptly increased
1800 lbs of dolomite per hour is produced by crushing and then
screening through a 14-mesh screen. The screen analysis is as
For numbers 15 to 17:
follows:
Fine silica is fed at 1500 lbs/hour to a double-deck vibrating screen
combination to obtain a 48/65 mesh (Tyler) product. The silica feed is
Screen
introduced into the upper screen of the 48 mesh and the product is
Feed to Undersize Oversize
Tyler Mesh discharged off the surface of the lower screen of 65 mesh. During the
Screen Product Circulating
screening operation, the ratio of oversize to product to undersize is
Load 2:1.5:1. Laboratory analysis of the different fractions:
4 on 14.34 24
8 on 20.0 28 Feed Oversize Undersize
14 on 20.0 24 Product
Screen Mesh Mass Mass Mass
28 on 28.5 40 24 Mass
Fraction Fraction Fraction
0 through 24 10/14 to 28/35 0.2821 0.5855 0.3385 0.00453
48 on 8.6 30
mesh 35/48 0.2580 0.3370 0.3220 0.00360
100 on 5.7 20 48/65 0.2810 0.0660 0.5260 0.34400
100 through 2.86 10 65/100 0.0910 0.0050 0.0670 0.29900
100/150 to
0.0870 0.0060 0.0260 0.35300
150/200
 PARTICLE TECHNOLOGY
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES

15. Determine the effectiveness of the screening equipment. 23. Size measurement of ultrafine particles can be best expressed in
a. 57% c. 49% terms of
b. 51% d. 46% a. centimeters c. screen size
b. micron d. surface area/unit mass
16. If the screen measure 5 ft x 8 ft each, what is the capacity in MT/day-
ft2-mm of the 65 mesh screen on the basis of a perfectly functioning 24. The hardness of a mineral is a criterion of its resistance to crushing.
48 mesh screen? Which of the following is an example of a hard material?
a. 0.90 c. 0.60 a. talc c. sapphire
b. 0.80 d. 0.70 b. calcite d. feldspar

17. Calculate the capacity in MT/day-ft2-mm on the basis of the actual Size Reduction
performance of the 48 mesh screen. - involves the production of smaller mass units from larger mass
a. 1.5 c. 1.3 units of the same material.
b. 1.1 d. 1.9
25. For the preliminary breaking of hard rock, we use
For numbers 18 to 20: a. gyratory crusher c. tube mill
A quartz mixture is screened on a 10-mesh screen. The cumulative b. ball mill d. quirrel-cage disintegrator
screen analysis of feed, overflow and underflow are given in the table.
Calculate the following: 26. Feed size of ≥ 25 cms can be accepted by
a. ball mill c. rod mill
b. fluid energy mill d. jaw crusher
Mesh Dp (mm) Feed Overflow Underflow
27. Size reduction mechanism used in jaw crushers is
4 4.699 0 0 0
a. attribution c. compression
b. cutting d. impact
6 3.327 0.025 0.071 0
28. Size reduction does not occur due to compression in case of
8 2.362 0.15 0.43 0
a. rod mills c. gyratory crushers
b. jaw crushers d. smooth roll crushers
10 1.651 0.47 0.85 0.195
29. Gyratory crushers compared to the reciprocating jaw crushers
14 1.168 0.73 0.97 0.58
a. have greater capacity per unit of discharge area.
b. crush intermittently.
20 0.833 0.885 0.99 0.83
c. are less suitable for coarse materials.
28 0.589 0.94 1.0 0.91 d. have less steady power consumption.

30. To get ultrafine particles, the equipment used is

35 0.417 0.96 0.94
a. ball mill c. hammer crusher
65 0.208 0.98 0.975 b. rod mill d. fluid energy mill

Pan 1.0 1.0 31. Size reduction of asbestos and mica is done by
a. hammer mills c. rod mills
b. gyratory crushers d. crushing rolls
18. The mass ratio of overflow to feed
a. 0.42 c. 0.58 32. To get fine talc powder from its granules, the equipment used is
b. 0.64 d. 0.36 a. roller crusher c. jaw crusher
b. ball mill d. gyratory crusher
19. The mass ratio of underflow to feed
a. 0.64 c. 0.42 34. Maximum size reduction in a ball mill is done by
b. 0.36 d. 0.58 a. attrition c. impact
b. compression d. cutting
20. Over-all effectiveness of the screen
a. 70% c. 55% 35. The operating speed of a ball mill should be
b. 67% d. 88% a. less than the critical speed
b. at least equal to the critical speed
c. much more than the critical speed
d. none of these
Size Reduction
36. The critical speed of 6 ft diameter ball mill where the balls are
Sphericity considered small compared to the diameter of the ball mill is
- Is a measure of how closely the shape of an object resembles a. 17.3 rpm c. 31.3 rpm
that of a perfect sphere. b. 28.5 rpm d. 40 rpm

21. For a non-spherical particle, the sphericity 37. A ball mill 1.2 m in diameter is being run at 0.8 Hz. It is found that the
a. is defined as the ratio of surface area of a sphere having the same mill is not working satisfactorily. Would you suggest any modification
volume as the particle to the actual surface area of the particle. in the condition of operation?
b. has the dimension of length. a. The speed of rotation should be doubled
c. is always less than 1. b. The speed of rotation should be halved
d. is the ratio of volume of a sphere having the same surface area as c. The speed of rotation should be tripled
the particle to the actual volume of the particle. d. No, the speed of rotation should be the same

22. Sphericity for a cylinder whose length equals its diameter 38. Power required to drive a ball mill with a particular ball load is
a. 1.5 c. 0.87 proportional to (where, D = diameter of ball mill )
b. 0.5 d. 0.73 a. D c. 1/D
b. D2.5 d. 1/D2.5
 PARTICLE TECHNOLOGY
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES

39. As the product becomes finer, the energy required for grinding 49. The terminal velocity of a small sphere settling in a viscous fluid
a. decreases varies as the
b. is same as for coarser grinding a. first power of its diameter
c. increases b. inverse of the fluid viscosity
d. is 1.5 times than for coarser grinding c. inverse square of the diameter
d. square of the difference in specific weights of solid and fluid
40. The energy required per unit mass to grind limestone particles of very
large size to 100 µm is 12.7 kWh/ton. An estimate (using Bond's law) 50. Buoyant force
of the energy to grind the particles from a very large size to 50 µrn is a. for non-symmetrical bodies is not vertical
a. 6.35 kWh/ton c. 9.0 kWh/ton b. depends on the depth of the submergence of the floating body
b. 18 kWh/ton d. 25.4 kWh/ton c. depends on the weight of the floating body
d. none of these
41. An available crusher has been accepting hard rock with a volume
surface mean diameter of 0.069 m and providing a product with a 51. Terminal velocity is
surface mean diameter of 5 x 10-3 m. The power required for crushing a. constant velocity with no acceleration
10000 kg/h of this specified rock is 6.35 kW. Assume that the b. a fluctuating velocity
mechanical efficiency of the unit will remain unchanged. The power c. attained after moving one-half of total distance
consumption if the capacity were reduced to 9000 kg/h with the same d. none of these
feed characteristics but with a reduction in the volume surface mean
diameter of the product is 4 x 10-3 m is 52. Determine the terminal settling velocity of dust particles having a
a. 7.35 kW c. 6.64 kW diameter of 60 microns at 294.3 K and 101.32 kPa. The dust particles
b. 7.00 kW d. 8.64 kW can be considered spherical with a density of 1280 kg/m3.
a. 0.18 m/s c. 0.2 m/s
42. It is desired to crush 100 ton/h of phosphate rock from a feed size b. 0.14 m/s d. 0.09 m/s
where 80% is less than 4 in to a product where 80% is less than 1/8
in. 53. The terminal settling velocity of a 6 mm diameter glass sphere
a. 148 kW c. 156 kW (density: 2500 kg/m3) in a viscous Newtonian liquid (density: 1500
b. 120 kW d. 139 kW kg/m3) is 100 µm/s. If the particle Reynolds number is small and
the value of acceleration due to gravity is 9.81 m/s2, then the
43. Particles of an average size of 25 x10-4 m are crushed to an average viscosity of the liquid (in Pa-s) is
product size of 5 x10-4 m at the rate of 15 tons/hr. At this rate the a. 300.5 c. 245.3
crusher consumes 32 kW of power of which 2 kW are required for b. 196.2 d. 490.5
running the mill empty. What would be the power consumptions of
10 tons/hr of this product to further crushed 1x10-4 m size in the same 54. Solid spherical particles of coffee extract from a dryer having a
mill? Assume Rittinger’s law is applicable diameter of 400 microns are falling through air at a temperature
a. 100 kW c. 120 kW of 422 K. The density of the particles is 1030 kg/m3. Calculate the
b. 150 kW d. 160 kW distance of fall in 5 s. The pressure is 101.32 kPa.
a. 1.4 m c. 5.5 m
44. A material is crushed in a Blake Jaw Crusher and the average size
b. 4.0 m d. 7.3 m
of particles reduced from 50 mm to 10 mm with the consumption of
energy at the rate of 13 kW/(kg/s). The consumption of energy
55. A random handful of silica particles ranging in size from 28 mesh to
needed to crush the same material of an average size 75 mm to an
200 mesh is thrown to a very deep body of water (without tides or
average size 25 mm assuming Kick’s Law applies is
turbulence)
a. 8.88 kW/(kg/s) c. 8.08 kW/(kg/s)
Data:
b. 4.33 kW/(kg/s) d. 4.66 kW/(kg/s)
Viscosity of water = 0.01 poise
Density of silica = 2.65 g/cm3
28 mesh = 0.0589 cm
Sedimentation
200 mesh = 0.0074 cm
The distance between the largest and smallest particles after 10
Sedimentation
min is
- separation of dilute into a clear fluid and dense slurry by gravity
a. 4700 cm c. 5000 cm
settling.
b. 4900 cm d. 4000 cm
45. The operation by which solids are separated from liquids due to
56. In hindered settling, particles are
difference in the respective densities is
a. placed farther from the wall
a. screening c. sedimentation
b. near each other
b. adsorption d. absorption
c. not affected by other particles and the wall
d. none of these
46. Forces acting on a particle settling in fluid are
a. gravitational and buoyant forces
57. Solid spherical particles having a diameter of 0.09 mm and a solid
b. centrifugal and drag forces
density of 2002 kg/m3 are settling in a solution of water at 26.70C.
c. gravitational or centrifugal, buoyant and drag forces
The volume fraction of the solids in the solution is 0.45. The settling
d. external, drag and viscous forces
velocity is __. For H2O: ρ=994.7 kg/m3 and µ=0.861x10-3 Pa-s.
a. 5.3x10-3 m/s c. 2.369x10-4 m/s
47. Drag is defined as the force exerted by the
b. 3.26 x10 m/s
-3 d. 3x10-5 m/s
a. fluid on the solid in a direction opposite to flow
b. the fluid on the solid in the direction of flow
58. Calculate the Reynolds number
c. the solid on the fluid
a. 9.89x10-3 c. 5.61x10-3
d. none of these
b. 4.33x10 -3 c. 2.05x10-3
48. Stoke’s law is valid when the particle Reynolds number is
a. <1 c. >1
b. <5 d. none of these
 PARTICLE TECHNOLOGY
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES

59. Particles of quartz having a diameter of 0.137 mm and a specific 69. The capacity in m3/hr of a clarifying operating under these conditions
gravity of 2.65 are settling in water at 293.2 K. The volume is
fraction of the particles in the slurry mixture of quartz and water Diameter of bowl = 600 mm
is 0.25. Calculate the Reynolds number. Thickness of liquid layer = 75 mm
a. 0.21 c. 0.30
Depth of bowl = 400 mm
b. 0.24 d. 0.35
Speed = 1200 rpm
Centrifugation Specific gravity of the liquid = 1.2
Specific gravity of the solid = 1.6
Centrifugation Viscosity of liquid = 2cP
- a mechanical process of separating multi-phase mixture via Cut size of particles = 30 microns
the use of centrifugal force. a. 250 c. 220
b. 210 d. 270
60. If the radius of a basket centrifuge is halved and the rpm is doubled,
then
a. linear speed of the basket is doubled For numbers 70 to 71:
b. linear speed of the basket is halved An aqueous suspension consisting of particles of density 2500 kg/m3
c. centrifugal force is doubled in the size range 1 to 10 microns is introduced into a centrifuge with
d. capacity of centrifuge is increased a basket 450 mm rotating at 80 Hz. If the suspension forms a layer
75 mm thick in the basket, calculate the following
For numbers 62 to 56:
A centrifuge having a radius of bowl of 0.1016 m is rotating at 70. The angular velocity in rad/s
N=1000 rev/min. a. 456 c. 503
b. 338 d. 291
61. Calculate the centrifugal force developed in terms of gravity forces.
a. 114 c. 227 71. The time will it take for the smallest particle to settle out
b. 335 d. 110 a. 15.1 s c. 22.9 s
b. 25.8 s d. 19.3 s
62. Compare this force to that for a bowl with a radius of 0.2032 m
rotating at the same rev/min.
a. 114 c. 227 Filtration
b. 335 d. 110
Filtration
63. A centrifuge bowl is spinning at a constant 1500 rev/min. What - suspended solid particles in a fluid of liquid or gas is physically
radius bowl is needed for a force of 500 g's. or mechanically removed by using a porous medium that retains
a. 0.1 m c. 0.3 m the particle as separate phase or cake and passes the clear
b. 0.2 m d. 0.4 m filtrate.
-
64. If a centrifuge is 0.9 m diameter and rotates at 20 Hz, at what speed 72. A plate and frame filter press containing 24 frames, each 1-inch thick
should a laboratory centrifuge of 150 mm diameter be run if it is to and has inside dimensions of 2 ft by 2 ft. Filtering time is 2 hours.
duplicate the performance of the large unit? Wash water volume is 10% of the filtrate volume per cycle. Filtering
a. 49 Hz c. 55 Hz and washing are done at the same pressure. The final cake is 0.05
b. 36 Hz d. 27 Hz ft3 per ft3 of filtrate. If the time for cleaning and reassembling is 30
min/cycle, the capacity of the press is
65. If a force greater than that of gravity is used to separate solids & a. 900 ft3/hr c. 950 ft3/d
fluids of different densities, the process is termed as the b. 936 ft3/d d. 936 ft3/cycle
a. sedimentation c. flocculation
b. dispersion d. centrifugation 73. A plate and frame filter press with 10 frames is used to filter a slurry
at a constant pressure. Total filtration area is 75 ft2 and the filter
66. Ultra centrifuges are used for the separation of _____ solid particles. delivers 400 lbs of filtrate in half an hour. If 10 more frames are added
a. coarse c. fine to the filter press, while other conditions remain the same, the time
produce 400 lb of filtrate, assuming Rm = 0, is
b. colloidal d. dissolved
a. 10 min c. 7.5 min
b. 30 min d. 15 min
67. A dilute slurry contains small solid food particles having a diameter
of 5x10-2 mm which are to be removed by centrifuging. The particle 74. A slurry of CaCO3 is filtered in a plate and frame filter press with a
density is 1050 kg/m3 and the solution density is 1000 kg/m3. The total area of 86.1 ft2, and operated at constant pressure drop of 2
viscosity of the liquid is 1.2 × 10-3 Pa · s. A centrifuge at 3000 rpm is atm. The mass of dry cake collected is 742 lbs and the volume
to be used. The bowl dimensions are b = 100.1 mm, r1 = 5.0 mm, and collected is 68.1 ft3. The following data have been determined for the
said slurry.
r2 = 30.0 mm. Calculate the expected flow rate in m3/s just to remove
Viscosity = 0.982 cP
these particles. Specific cake resistance = 1.27 x1011ft/lb
a. 8.7x10-5 c. 2.4x10-5 Resistance due to the filter medium = 1.55x1010/ft
b. 1.0x10-5 d. 4.5x10-5 Calculate the filtration time in minutes.
a. 28 c. 42
68. The capacity of a Sharples centrifuge is estimated to be b. 36 d. 48
increase/decrease by _____ % if its speed is doubled and the cut
size of the product is reduced by 20%
a. 20% increase c. 156% increase
b. 80% increase d. 120% increase
 PARTICLE TECHNOLOGY
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES

75. Filter aid is used For numbers 84 to 85:

a. to increase the rate of filtration To clean a sand bed filter, it is fluidized at minimum conditions using
b. to decrease the pressure drop water at 240C. The round sand particles have a density of 2550 kg/m3
c. to increase the porosity of the cake and an average size of 0.40 mm. sphericity = 0.86 and ε=0.42.
d. as a support base for the septum
84. If the bed diameter is 0.4 m and the desired height of the bed at these
76. The porosity of a compressible cake is minimum fluidizing conditions is 1.75 m. Calculate the amount
a. minimum at the filter medium of solids needed.
b. minimum at the upstream face a. 235.52 kg c. 352.32 kg
c. maximum at the filter medium b. 523.35 kg d. 325.25 kg
d. same throughout the thickness
85. What is the minimum velocity for fluidization?
77. The constant pressure (38.7 psia) filtration equation for a filtration a. 0.0016 c. 0.0009
system is b. 0.0028 d.0.0033
t / V = 9.05 x10-5 V + 0.01, sec/L
If the slurry is filtered at constant rate of 10 L/s, how long will it
take to reach 50 psi filtration pressure.
a. 132 s c. 155 s
b. 140 s d. 128 s

78. The PV relationship for slurry filtering at constant rate of 0.2 ft3 of
filtrate per s is P = 16300 V + 220
where P is filtration pressure in psf and V = filtrate in ft3
If the slurry is filtered at constant pressure filtration of 20 psi, how
long will it take to filter 10 ft3 of filtrate. Assume the cake is
incompressible.
a. 33 min c. 50 min
b. 24 min d. 16 min

79. In the filtration of a sludge, the initial period is effected at a constant

rate with the feed pump at full capacity until the pressure differential
reaches 400 kPa. The pressure is then maintained at this value for a
remainder of filtration. The constant rate operation requires 900
seconds and 1/3 of the total filtrate is obtained during this period. No
washing of the cycle is done. If the time for removing the cake and
reassembling the press is 1200 seconds determine the total time per
cycle.
a. 5700 s c. 5100 s
b. 4500 s d. 4015 s

80. A rotary drum filter with 35% of its filtering area submerged in the
slurry, turns at 0.5 rpm. The filtrate production is 0.61 cubic meter per
min per square meter of filtering area submerged when filtering lime
slurry. Average production is 20.4 cubic meters of filtrate per hour.
The estimated area of the filter cloth in square meter is
a. 3.2 c. 1.6
b. 2.5 d. 4.4

Fluidization

Fluidization
- is defined as a method to keep solid particles floating in an
upward direction in a flow of gas or liquid.

For numbers 81 to 83:

Solid particles having a size of 0.12 mm, a shape factor of 0.88, and
a density of 1000 kg/m3 are to be fluidized using air at 2 atm and
250C. The voidage at minimum fluidizing conditions is 0.42.

81. If the cross section of the empty bed is 0.30 m2 and the bed contains
300 kg of solid, calculate the minimum height of the fluidized bed.
a. 1.85 m c. 1.90 m
b. 1.72 m d. 1.63 m

82. Calculate the pressure drop at the minimum fluidizing conditions.

a. 0.098 x105 Pa c. 0.076 x105 Pa
b. 0.065 x10 Pa
5 d. 0.082 x105 Pa

83. Calculate minimum velocity for fluidization.

a. 0.004 m/s c. 0.005 m/s
b. 0.001 m/s d. 0.002 m/s