TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. 0 GENERAL
1. 1 DESIGN BASIS
1. 2 DESIGN CODE & REFERENCE
1. 3 DESIGN DATA
1. 4 ANALYSIS Program

2. 0 GENERAL SKETCH

3. 0 LOAD COMBINATION

4. 0 MODELING
4. 1 3D MODEL
4. 2 SOIL SPRING
4. 3 MEMBER
4. 4 NODE & ELEMENT NUMBER(STEEL MEMBER)

5. 0 DESIGN LOAD
5. 1 DEAD LOAD(DL)
5. 2 LIVE LOAD(LL)
5. 3 LIVE LOAD ON ROOF(Lr)
5. 4 SNOW LOAD(SL)
5. 5 EARTH PRESSURE(H)
5. 6 WIND LOAD(Wx, Wy)
5. 7 SEISMIC LOAD(Ex, Ey)
5. 8 THERMAL LOAD(T(+), T(-))
5. 9 FORCE CACULATING HOPPER GATE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2.0 GENERAL SKETCH
1.0 GENERAL

1.1 DESIGN BASIS

This calculation is for design of SAMPLE SILO

1.2 DESIGN CODE & REFERENCE

1) TS-500
2) TS-498
3) TEC 2007
4) ACI 318-10
5) ACI 313-97
6) AISC360-10 (ASD)
7) ASCE 7-10

1.3 DESIGN DATA

1) Soil
Allowable soil bearing capacity = 700.0 kN/m²
Unit weight of Soil (γt) = 18.0 kN/m³

2) Concrete
Modulus of elasticity(Ec) = 32000.0 MPa
Unit weight = 25.0 kN/m³
fck = 30.0 MPa
ν = 0.2
αc = 1.0E-05 /℃

3) Re-bar ( TS708 VCH 3a)

Modulus of elasticity(Es) = 200000.0 MPa
fy = 420.0 MPa

4) Steel (A36)
Modulus of elasticity(Es) = 200000.0 MPa
Unit weight = 77.1 kN/m³

5) Lime stone
Unit weight = 1.820 ton/m³

1.4 ANALYSIS Program

3.0 LOAD COMBINATION ( ASCE 7-10 and TS 500)

LOAD DESCRIPTION
DL DEAD LOAD
LL LIVE LOAD
Lr LIVE LOAD ON ROOF
SL SNOW LOAD
H EARTH PRESSURE
Wx, Wy WIND LOAD
Ex, Ey SEISMIC LOAD
T(+), T(-) TEMPERATURE LOAD

1. ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN LOAD COMBINATION

ASCE 7-10
COMB. DL LL Lr SL H Wx(+) Wx(-) Wy(+) Wy(-) Ex Ey T(+)
ASD01 1.000
ASD02 1.000 1.000 1.000
ASD03 1.000 1.000 1.000
ASD04 1.000 1.000
ASD05 1.000 0.750 0.750
ASD06 1.000 0.750 0.750
ASD07 1.000 0.600
ASD08 1.000 0.600
ASD09 1.000 0.600
ASD10 1.000 0.600
ASD11 1.000 0.700 0.210
ASD12 1.000 0.700 -0.210
ASD13 1.000 -0.700 0.210
ASD14 1.000 -0.700 -0.210
ASD15 1.000 0.210 0.700
ASD16 1.000 -0.210 0.700
ASD17 1.000 0.210 -0.700
ASD18 1.000 -0.210 -0.700
ASD19 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.450
ASD20 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.450
ASD21 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.450
ASD22 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.450
ASD23 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.450
ASD24 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.450
ASD25 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.450
ASD26 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.450
COMB. DL LL Lr SL H Wx(+) Wx(-) Wy(+) Wy(-) Ex Ey T(+)
ASD27 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.525 0.158
ASD28 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.525 -0.158
ASD29 1.000 0.750 0.750 -0.525 0.158
ASD30 1.000 0.750 0.750 -0.525 -0.158
ASD31 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.158 0.525
ASD32 1.000 0.750 0.750 -0.158 0.525
ASD33 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.158 -0.525
ASD34 1.000 0.750 0.750 -0.158 -0.525
ASD35 0.600 0.600
ASD36 0.600 0.600
ASD37 0.600 0.600
ASD38 0.600 0.600
ASD39 0.600 0.700 0.210
ASD40 0.600 0.700 -0.210
ASD41 0.600 -0.700 0.210
ASD42 0.600 -0.700 -0.210
ASD43 0.600 0.210 0.700
ASD44 0.600 -0.210 0.700
ASD45 0.600 0.210 -0.700
ASD46 0.600 -0.210 -0.700
ASD47 1.000 1.000 1.000
ASD48 1.000 1.000
ASD49 1.000 1.000 1.000
ASD50 1.000 1.000
ASD51 1.000 1.000 0.750
ASD52 1.000 1.000
ASD53 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.750
ASD54 1.000 0.750 0.750
ASD55 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.750
ASD56 1.000 0.750 0.750
ASD57 1.000 0.600 0.750
ASD58 1.000 0.600
ASD59 1.000 0.600 0.750
ASD60 1.000 0.600
ASD61 1.000 0.600 0.750
ASD62 1.000 0.600
ASD63 1.000 0.600 0.750
ASD64 1.000 0.600
COMB. DL LL Lr SL H Wx(+) Wx(-) Wy(+) Wy(-) Ex Ey T(+)
ASD65 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.450 0.750
ASD66 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.450
ASD67 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.450 0.750
ASD68 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.450
ASD69 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.450 0.750
ASD70 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.450
ASD71 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.450 0.750
ASD72 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.450
ASD73 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.450 0.750
ASD74 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.450
ASD75 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.450 0.750
ASD76 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.450
ASD77 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.450 0.750
ASD78 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.450
ASD79 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.450 0.750
ASD80 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.450
ASD81 0.600 0.600 0.750
ASD82 0.600 0.600
ASD83 0.600 0.600 0.750
ASD84 0.600 0.600
ASD85 0.600 0.600 0.750
ASD86 0.600 0.600
ASD87 0.600 0.600 0.750
ASD88 0.600 0.600

TEC 2007
COMB. DL LL Lr SL H Wx(+) Wx(-) Wy(+) Wy(-) Ex Ey T(+)
TEC01 1.000 1.000 2.000 0.600
TEC02 1.000 1.000 2.000 -0.600
TEC03 1.000 1.000 -2.000 0.600
TEC04 1.000 1.000 -2.000 -0.600
TEC05 1.000 1.000 2.000 0.600
TEC06 1.000 1.000 2.000 -0.600
TEC07 1.000 1.000 -2.000 0.600
TEC08 1.000 1.000 -2.000 -0.600
# TEC load combinations are applied only for bace connections and anchorages.
2. STRENGTH DESIGN LOAD COMBINATION

(1) Factored Load Combination - Strength Check

ASCE 7-10
COMB. DL LL Lr SL H Wx(+) Wx(-) Wy(+) Wy(-) Ex Ey T(+)
ULT01 1.400
ULT02 1.200 1.600 0.500 1.600
ULT03 1.200 1.600 0.500 1.600
ULT04 1.200 1.000 1.600
ULT05 1.200 1.000 1.600
ULT06 1.200 1.600 0.500
ULT07 1.200 1.600 0.500
ULT08 1.200 1.600 0.500
ULT09 1.200 1.600 0.500
ULT10 1.200 1.600 0.500
ULT11 1.200 1.600 0.500
ULT12 1.200 1.600 0.500
ULT13 1.200 1.600 0.500
ULT14 1.200 1.000 0.500 1.000
ULT15 1.200 1.000 0.500 1.000
ULT16 1.200 1.000 0.500 1.000
ULT17 1.200 1.000 0.500 1.000
ULT18 1.200 1.000 0.500 1.000
ULT19 1.200 1.000 0.500 1.000
ULT20 1.200 1.000 0.500 1.000
ULT21 1.200 1.000 0.500 1.000
ULT22 1.200 1.000 0.200 1.000 0.300
ULT23 1.200 1.000 0.200 1.000 -0.300
ULT24 1.200 1.000 0.200 -1.000 0.300
ULT25 1.200 1.000 0.200 -1.000 -0.300
ULT26 1.200 1.000 0.200 0.300 1.000
ULT27 1.200 1.000 0.200 -0.300 1.000
ULT28 1.200 1.000 0.200 0.300 -1.000
ULT29 1.200 1.000 0.200 -0.300 -1.000
ULT30 0.900 1.600 1.000
ULT31 0.900 1.600 1.000
ULT32 0.900 1.600 1.000
ULT33 0.900 1.600 1.000
COMB. DL LL Lr SL H Wx(+) Wx(-) Wy(+) Wy(-) Ex Ey T(+)
ULT34 0.900 1.600 1.000 0.300
ULT35 0.900 1.600 1.000 -0.300
ULT36 0.900 1.600 -1.000 0.300
ULT37 0.900 1.600 -1.000 -0.300
ULT38 0.900 1.600 0.300 1.000
ULT39 0.900 1.600 -0.300 1.000
ULT40 0.900 1.600 0.300 -1.000
ULT41 0.900 1.600 -0.300 -1.000
ULT42 1.200 1.600 0.500 1.600 1.200
ULT43 1.200 1.600 0.500 1.600
ULT44 1.200 1.600 0.500 1.600 1.200
ULT45 1.200 1.600 0.500 1.600
ULT46 1.200 1.000 1.600 1.200
ULT47 1.200 1.000 1.600
ULT48 1.200 1.000 1.600 1.200
ULT49 1.200 1.000 1.600
ULT50 1.200 1.600 0.500 1.200
ULT51 1.200 1.600 0.500
ULT52 1.200 1.600 0.500 1.200
ULT53 1.200 1.600 0.500
ULT54 1.200 1.600 0.500 1.200
ULT55 1.200 1.600 0.500
ULT56 1.200 1.600 0.500 1.200
ULT57 1.200 1.600 0.500
ULT58 1.200 1.600 0.500 1.200
ULT59 1.200 1.600 0.500
ULT60 1.200 1.600 0.500 1.200
ULT61 1.200 1.600 0.500
ULT62 1.200 1.600 0.500 1.200
ULT63 1.200 1.600 0.500
ULT64 1.200 1.600 0.500 1.200
ULT65 1.200 1.600 0.500
ULT66 1.200 1.000 0.500 1.000 1.200
ULT67 1.200 1.000 0.500 1.000
ULT68 1.200 1.000 0.500 1.000 1.200
ULT69 1.200 1.000 0.500 1.000
ULT70 1.200 1.000 0.500 1.000 1.200
ULT71 1.200 1.000 0.500 1.000
ULT72 1.200 1.000 0.500 1.000 1.200
ULT73 1.200 1.000 0.500 1.000
COMB. DL LL Lr SL H Wx(+) Wx(-) Wy(+) Wy(-) Ex Ey T(+)
ULT74 1.200 1.000 0.500 1.000 1.200
ULT75 1.200 1.000 0.500 1.000
ULT76 1.200 1.000 0.500 1.000 1.200
ULT77 1.200 1.000 0.500 1.000
ULT78 1.200 1.000 0.500 1.000 1.200
ULT79 1.200 1.000 0.500 1.000
ULT80 1.200 1.000 0.500 1.000 1.200
ULT81 1.200 1.000 0.500 1.000
ULT82 0.900 1.600 1.000 1.200
ULT83 0.900 1.600 1.000
ULT84 0.900 1.600 1.000 1.200
ULT85 0.900 1.600 1.000
ULT86 0.900 1.600 1.000 1.200
ULT87 0.900 1.600 1.000
ULT88 0.900 1.600 1.000 1.200
ULT89 0.900 1.600 1.000

TS-500
COMB. DL LL Lr SL H Wx(+) Wx(-) Wy(+) Wy(-) Ex Ey T(+)
UTS01 1.400 1.600
UTS02 1.000 1.200 1.200
UTS03 1.000 1.200
UTS04 1.000 1.300 1.300
UTS05 1.000 1.300 1.300
UTS06 1.000 1.300 1.300
UTS07 1.000 1.300 1.300
UTS08 0.900 1.300
UTS09 0.900 1.300
UTS10 0.900 1.300
UTS11 0.900 1.300
UTS12 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.300
UTS13 1.000 1.000 1.000 -0.300
UTS14 1.000 1.000 -1.000 0.300
UTS15 1.000 1.000 -1.000 -0.300
UTS16 1.000 1.000 0.300 1.000
UTS17 1.000 1.000 -0.300 1.000
UTS18 1.000 1.000 0.300 -1.000
UTS19 1.000 1.000 -0.300 -1.000
UTS20 0.900 1.600
(2) Unactored Load Combination - Crack Check
ASCE 7-10
COMB. DL LL Lr SL H Wx(+) Wx(-) Wy(+) Wy(-) Ex Ey T(+)
SER01 1.000
SER02 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000
SER03 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000
SER04 1.000 1.000 1.000
SER05 1.000 1.000 1.000
SER06 1.000 1.000 0.500
SER07 1.000 1.000 0.500
SER08 1.000 1.000 0.500
SER09 1.000 1.000 0.500
SER10 1.000 1.000 0.500
SER11 1.000 1.000 0.500
SER12 1.000 1.000 0.500
SER13 1.000 1.000 0.500
SER14 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000
SER15 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000
SER16 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000
SER17 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000
SER18 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000
SER19 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000
SER20 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000
SER21 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000
SER22 1.000 1.000 0.200 0.700 0.210
SER23 1.000 1.000 0.200 0.700 -0.210
SER24 1.000 1.000 0.200 -0.700 0.210
SER25 1.000 1.000 0.200 -0.700 -0.210
SER26 1.000 1.000 0.200 0.210 0.700
SER27 1.000 1.000 0.200 -0.210 0.700
SER28 1.000 1.000 0.200 0.210 -0.700
SER29 1.000 1.000 0.200 -0.210 -0.700
SER30 0.900 1.000 1.000
SER31 0.900 1.000 1.000
SER32 0.900 1.000 1.000
SER33 0.900 1.000 1.000
COMB. DL LL Lr SL H Wx(+) Wx(-) Wy(+) Wy(-) Ex Ey T(+)
SER34 0.900 1.000 0.700 0.210
SER35 0.900 1.000 0.700 -0.210
SER36 0.900 1.000 -0.700 0.210
SER37 0.900 1.000 -0.700 -0.210
SER38 0.900 1.000 0.210 0.700
SER39 0.900 1.000 -0.210 0.700
SER40 0.900 1.000 0.210 -0.700
SER41 0.900 1.000 -0.210 -0.700
SER42 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000 1.000
SER43 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000
SER44 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000 1.000
SER45 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000
SER46 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
SER47 1.000 1.000 1.000
SER48 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
SER49 1.000 1.000 1.000
SER50 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000
SER51 1.000 1.000 0.500
SER52 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000
SER53 1.000 1.000 0.500
SER54 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000
SER55 1.000 1.000 0.500
SER56 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000
SER57 1.000 1.000 0.500
SER58 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000
SER59 1.000 1.000 0.500
SER60 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000
SER61 1.000 1.000 0.500
SER62 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000
SER63 1.000 1.000 0.500
SER64 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000
SER65 1.000 1.000 0.500
SER66 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000 1.000
SER67 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000
SER68 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000 1.000
SER69 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000
SER70 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000 1.000
SER71 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000
SER72 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000 1.000
SER73 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000
COMB. DL LL Lr SL H Wx(+) Wx(-) Wy(+) Wy(-) Ex Ey T(+)
SER74 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000 1.000
SER75 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000
SER76 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000 1.000
SER77 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000
SER78 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000 1.000
SER79 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000
SER80 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000 1.000
SER81 1.000 1.000 0.500 1.000
SER82 0.900 1.000 1.000 1.000
SER83 0.900 1.000 1.000
SER84 0.900 1.000 1.000 1.000
SER85 0.900 1.000 1.000
SER86 0.900 1.000 1.000 1.000
SER87 0.900 1.000 1.000
SER88 0.900 1.000 1.000 1.000
SER89 0.900 1.000 1.000

TS-500
COMB. DL LL Lr SL H Wx Wx Wy Wy Ex Ey T(+)
STS01 1.000 1.000
STS02 1.000 1.000 1.000
STS03 1.000 1.000
STS04 1.000 1.000 1.000
STS05 1.000 1.000 1.000
STS06 1.000 1.000 1.000
STS07 1.000 1.000 1.000
STS08 0.900 1.000
STS09 0.900 1.000
STS10 0.900 1.000
STS11 0.900 1.000
STS12 1.000 1.000 0.700 0.210
STS13 1.000 1.000 0.700 -0.210
STS14 1.000 1.000 -0.700 0.210
STS15 1.000 1.000 -0.700 -0.210
STS16 1.000 1.000 0.210 0.700
STS17 1.000 1.000 -0.210 0.700
STS18 1.000 1.000 0.210 -0.700
STS19 1.000 1.000 -0.210 -0.700
STS20 0.900 1.000
 DESCRIPTION
AD LOAD
E LOAD
E LOAD ON ROOF
OW LOAD
RTH PRESSURE
D LOAD
SMIC LOAD
MPERATURE LOAD

ASCE 7-10
T(+) T(-)
T(+) T(-)

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
 T(+) T(-)
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750

TEC 2007
T(+) T(-)
ASCE 7-10
T(+) T(-)
T(+) T(-)

1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
 T(+) T(-)
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200
1.200

TS-500
T(+) T(-)

1.200
1.200
ASCE 7-10
T(+) T(-)
T(+) T(-)

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
 T(+) T(-)
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

TS-500
T(+) T(-)

1.000
1.000
4.0 MODELING

4.1 3D MODEL
4.2 SOIL SPRING

- FROM GEOLOGICAL-GEOTECHNICAL REPORT (Page55~64)

- Allowable bearing capacity qa = 700 kN/m²

- Subgrade Modulus
kv = = 80000 kN/m³
kh = (1/3 ~ 1/4) kv = (1/4) kv = 20000 kN/m³
4.3 MEMBER

(1) Concrete Silo

800mm

400mm

800mm

700mm

700mm

1200mm

2400mm
(2) Roof
- Plate

6mm

- H 350x175x7/11

- H 300x150x6.5/9
- H 200x100x5.5/8

- H 148x100x6/9

- C 380x100x10.5/16
- H 150x150x7/10

- Plate 12x350

- Plate 12x500
(3) STAIR
- H 200x200x8/12 - H 200x100x5.5/8 - H 194x150x6/9
- C 200x80x7.5/11 - L 120x8 - L 100x8
4.4 NODE & ELEMENT NUMBER(STEEL MEMBER)

(1) ROOF NODE

(2) STAIR NODE
- H 200x200x8/12 - H 200x100x5.5/8 - H 194x150x6/9
- C 200x80x7.5/11 - L 120x8 & L 120x8
(3) ROOF ELEMENT
(4) STAIR ELEMENT
- H 200x200x8/12 - H 200x100x5.5/8 - H 194x150x6/9
- C 200x80x7.5/11 - L 120x8 & L 120x8
800mm

400mm

700mm

1200mm
6mm
5.0 DESIGN LOAD

5.1 DEAD LOAD(DL)

1) SELF WEIGHT
Self weight is calculated by program.

2) INNER CON'C PAVING

20.0 kN/m³ x ( 2.0 + 0.2 ) m = 44 kN/m²

3) BUCKET ELEVATOR
- Turbo Fan Load : 150.0 kN
- Mass Co'c : 25.0 kN/m³ x 1.7 m = 42.5 kN/m²
4) STAIR
- Stair way (Assumed) 0.5 kN/m²
0.5 kN/m² x 0.5 m = 0.25 kN/m
5.2 LIVE LOAD(LL)

1) Equipment Load

- Silo loading conveyor = 25.0 kN / 2 Point = 12.5 kN

- Hoist = 30.0 kN

- Dust Collector = 30.0 kN

- Turbo Fan x 2 EA = 4.5 kN/EA
39.0 kN / ( 4.00 x 3.55 ) = 2.746 kN/m²
2) Stair uniformly distrbuted Load (Stair and walkway) = 5.0 kN/m2
3) Stored material pressures and loads : Lime stone

(1) Pressures and loads for walls

① Calculate Normal Pressure

γ·R
q = [ 1 - e-μ'·k·Y/R ] , P = k·q
μ' · k

where,
q = initial(filling) vertical pressure due to stored material
γ = weight per unit volume for stored material 1.820 ~ 1.820 tonf/㎥
R = ratio of area to perimeter of horizontal cross-section of storage space = 7.0 m
μ' = coefficient of friction between stored material and wall or hopper surface = 0.128
k = lateral pressure ratio ( k=1-sin∅) = 0.384
∅ = the angle of internal friction = 38.0 deg
D = Inner diameter = 28.0 m
H = wall height from top of silo and top of hopper = 18.547 m
H/D = = 1.510
P = initial(filling) horizontal pressure due to stored material
hs = D/2 · tan ρ = 10.938 m
ρ = angle of repose(deg) = 38.0 deg
② Added pressures due to eccentric

γ · Ri
qi = [ 1 - e-μ'·k·Y/Ri ] , Pi = k·qi , Pecc = Pi - P
μ' · k
where,
e = eccentricity = 0.000 m
ri = Hydraulic radius = 14.0 m
Ri = ratio of area to perimeter of horizontal cross-section of storage space = 7.0 m
Di = imaginary diameter = 28.0 m

H' = height from top of hopper to actual top of material fill = 25.773 m
H'/D = = 0.920 < 2.000
hs = D/2 · tan ρ = 10.938 m
hs / 3 = Top of material for pressure calculation = 3.646 m
( H'-hs ) / 4 = = 3.709 m

Zone Depth Cd Cd'

hs / 3 0 ~ 3.646 1.35 1.55
(H-hs)/4 3.646 ~ 7.697 1.45 1.67
(H-hs)/4 7.697 ~ 11.292 1.55 1.78
(H-hs)/4 11.292 ~ 14.886 1.65 1.90
(H-hs)/4 14.886 ~ 18.481 1.65 1.90
* Note Cd' = 1.15*Cd
- Table. Lateral Pressures for wall

design
Depth γ
EL. q p qi pi pecc press
Y Cd'
0 (pdes)
m m t/㎥ t/㎡ t/㎡ t/㎡ t/㎡ t/㎡ t/㎡
44.529 0.000 1.820 0.000 0.000 1.55 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
40.883 3.646 1.820 6.551 2.518 1.55 6.551 2.518 0.000 3.903
40.072 4.456 1.820 7.985 3.069 1.67 7.985 3.069 0.000 5.125
39.262 5.267 1.820 9.410 3.617 1.67 9.410 3.617 0.000 6.040
38.452 6.077 1.820 10.827 4.161 1.67 10.827 4.161 0.000 6.949
37.641 6.887 1.820 12.236 4.703 1.67 12.236 4.703 0.000 7.854
36.831 7.697 1.820 13.637 5.241 1.67 13.637 5.241 0.000 8.753
36.112 8.416 1.820 14.873 5.716 1.78 14.873 5.716 0.000 10.175
35.393 9.135 1.820 16.103 6.189 1.78 16.103 6.189 0.000 11.017
34.675 9.854 1.820 17.327 6.660 1.78 17.327 6.660 0.000 11.854
33.956 10.573 1.820 18.545 7.128 1.78 18.545 7.128 0.000 12.687
33.237 11.292 1.820 19.757 7.593 1.78 19.757 7.593 0.000 13.516
32.518 12.011 1.820 20.962 8.057 1.90 20.962 8.057 0.000 15.307
31.799 12.730 1.820 22.162 8.518 1.90 22.162 8.518 0.000 16.183
31.080 13.448 1.820 23.355 8.976 1.90 23.355 8.976 0.000 17.055
30.361 14.167 1.820 24.542 9.433 1.90 24.542 9.433 0.000 17.922
29.642 14.886 1.820 25.724 9.887 1.90 25.724 9.887 0.000 18.785
28.924 15.605 1.820 26.899 10.338 1.90 26.899 10.338 0.000 19.643
28.205 16.324 1.820 28.069 10.788 1.90 28.069 10.788 0.000 20.497
27.486 17.043 1.820 29.232 11.235 1.90 29.232 11.235 0.000 21.347
26.767 17.762 1.820 30.390 11.680 1.90 30.390 11.680 0.000 22.192
26.048 18.481 1.820 31.542 12.123 1.90 31.542 12.123 0.000 23.033
At silo bottom slab
(2) Pressures and loads for hoppers
① Initial vertical pressure at depth hy

qy = q0 + γ·hy

where,
qy = initial vertical pressure at depth hy below top of hopper
q0 = initial vertical pressure at the top of the hopper

② Initial pressure normal to the hopper surface at a depth hy

qy·tanθ
pn = Max ( , qy ( sin2θ + kcos2θ ) )
tanθ + tan∅'
where,
θ = angle of hopper from vertical. See Fig. 4-2 = 30.0 deg
∅ = the angle of internal friction = 38.0 deg
∅' = the angle of friction between material and wall and hopper surface = 38.0 deg

③ Initial friction force per unit area of hopper wall surface

vn = qn · tan∅' , vn = qy · ( 1 - k ) · sinθ · cosθ
when,
qy·tanθ
pn = pn = qy ( sin2θ + kcos2θ )
tanθ + tan∅' ,

- Table. Initial (filling) pressures below the top of the hopper :

Ele
hy q0 qy Pn vn
vation
(m) (m) ( t/m )2
( t/m ) 2
( t/m )2
( t/m2 )
26.048 0.000 31.542 31.542 25.049 19.571
24.603 1.445 31.542 34.172 27.138 21.202
23.158 2.890 31.542 36.801 29.226 22.834
21.713 4.335 31.542 39.431 31.314 24.465
20.269 5.779 31.542 42.061 33.403 26.097
18.824 7.224 31.542 44.690 35.491 27.729
17.379 8.669 31.542 47.320 37.579 29.360
15.934 10.114 31.542 49.949 39.668 30.992
14.489 11.559 31.542 52.579 41.756 32.624
13.044 13.004 31.542 55.209 43.845 34.255
11.599 14.449 31.542 57.838 45.933 35.887
10.154 15.894 31.542 60.468 48.021 37.518
8.710 17.338 31.542 63.098 50.110 39.150
7.265 18.783 31.542 65.727 52.198 40.782
5.820 20.228 31.542 68.357 54.286 42.413
4.375 21.673 31.542 70.987 56.375 44.045
5.3 LIVE LOAD ON ROOF(Lr)

- Maintenance Load 2.0 kN/m2

5.4 SNOW LOAD(SL)

The snow load shall be taken from TS-498 [Roof slope(α) as function of reduction value (M)]
α 0˚ 1˚ 2˚ 3˚ 4˚ 5˚ 6˚ 7˚ 8˚ 9˚
0-30 ˚ 1.0
30 ˚ 1.00 0.97 0.95 0.92 0.90 0.87 0.85 0.82 0.80 0.77
40 ˚ 0.75 0.72 0.70 0.67 0.65 0.62 0.60 0.57 0.55 0.52
50 ˚ 0.50 0.47 0.45 0.42 0.40 0.37 0.35 0.32 0.30 0.27
60 ˚ 0.25 0.22 0.20 0.17 0.15 0.12 0.10 0.07 0.05 0.02
70-90 ˚

[Snow load(PKO)kN/m2 value]

Region
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ
≤ 200 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
300 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.80
400 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.80
500 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.85
600 0.75 0.75 0.80 0.90
700 0.75 0.75 0.85 0.95
800 0.80 0.85 1.25 1.40
900 0.80 0.95 1.30 1.50
1000 0.80 1.05 1.35 1.60
Snow Load for Duct : Pk = PkO x M ( kN/m2 )
PkO (snowload) = 1.350 kN/m2
M (Reduction value) = 1.000
Values corresponding to 1000 m shall be increased 10% up to 1500 m
and 15% at heights over 1500 m
Snow Load 1.350 x 1.000 x 1.100 = 1.485 kN/m2

Applied Snow Load = 2.000 kN/m2

5.5 EARTH PRESSURE(H)

- Vertical(Hv)
qv = 18.0 × 1.500 = 27.000

- Horizontal(Hh)
qhi = 10.0 × 0.500 = 5.000
qho = 18.0 × 0.500 × 0.000 + 5.000 = 5.000
qh1 = 18.0 × 0.500 × 1.500 + 5.000 = 18.500

where, γ = weight per unit volume for soil = 18.0

k = coefficient of earth pressure at rest ( k=1-sin∅) = 0.500
∅ = the angle of internal friction for soil = 30.0
5.6 WIND LOAD(Wx, Wy)

The wind forces shall be taken from TS-498

Level from ground(m) Wind velocity V(m/s) Wind load q ( kN/m2 )
0~8 28.3 0.5
9~20 35.8 0.8
21~100 42.0 1.1
>100 45.6 1.3

w = Cp x q ( kN/m2 ) = 1.32 kN/㎡

Cp = is the pressure coefficient associated with the element of surface area under consideration.
and it can be changed by various structure shapes and various wind directions.
Cp (Genernal Type) = 1.200 (from TS-498)
q = is the dynamic pressure of the wind

The pressure coefficient shall be taken from British Standard Code

Position on Pressure Coefficient Cp
Periphery θ Surface : rough of with preojections Surface : smooth
degrees h/D = 10 h/D <= 2.5 h/D = 10 h/D = 1.55 h/D <= 2.5
0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
10 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
20 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7
30 0.4 0.4 0.35 0.35 0.35
40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
50 -0.5 -0.4 -0.7 -0.5 -0.5
60 -0.95 -0.8 -1.2 -1.05 -1.05
70 -1.25 -1.1 -1.4 -1.25 -1.25
80 -1.20 -1.05 -1.45 -1.3 -1.3
90 -1.0 -0.85 -1.4 -1.2 -1.2
100 -0.8 -0.65 -1.1 -0.85 -0.85
120 -0.5 -0.35 -0.60 -0.4 -0.4
140 -0.4 -0.3 -0.35 -0.25 -0.25
160 -0.4 -0.3 -0.35 -0.25 -0.25
180 -0.4 -0.3 -0.35 -0.25 -0.25
 - Wx1

Wx2

Wy1 Wy2
- Wind load to H200x200x8/12 = 1.32 kN/㎡ x 0.2 m = 0.264 kN/㎡
- Wind load to L100x8 = 1.32 kN/㎡ x 0.1 m = 0.132 kN/㎡

- Upward wind load

wr = 0.5 x w = 0.5 x 1.32 kN/㎡ = 0.66 kN/㎡
5.7 SEISMIC LOAD(Ex, Ey)

The seismic load shall be taken from TEC 2007

1) Soil groups : B
- Soil groups and local site classes to be considered as the bases of determination of local soil
conditions are given in Table 1 and Table 2, respectively. Values of soil parameters in
Table 1 are to be considered as standard values given for guidance only in determining the
soil groups.

Table 1 - Soil groups Standard Relative Unconf. Shear

Soil
Description of soil group penetr. density compres. wave
group 1. Massive volcanic rocks,
(N/30) (%) Strength (kPa) velocity (m/s)
unweathered sound
- - > 1000 > 1000
metamorphic rocks, stiff
(A)
cemented sedimentary rocks
2. Very dense sand, gravel > 50 85 - 100 - > 700
3. Hard clay, silty lay > 32 - > 400 > 700
1. Soft volcanic rocks such
as tuff and agglomerate,
weathered cemented - - 500 - 1000 700 - 1000
(B) sedimentary rocks with
planes of discontunuity
2. Dense sand, gravel 30 - 50 65 - 85 - 400 - 700
3. Very stiff clay, silty clay 16 - 32 - 200 - 400 300 - 700
1. Highly weathered soft
metamorphic rocks and
- - < 500 400 -700
cemented sedimentary rocks
(C) with planes of discontinuity
2. Medium dense sand and
10 - 30 35 - 65 - 200 - 400
gravel
3. Stiff clay, silty clay 8 - 16 - 100 - 200 200 - 300
1. Soft deep alluvial layers
- - - < 200
with high water table
(D)
2. Loose sand < 10 < 35 - < 200
3. Soft clay, silty clay <8 - < 100 < 200
2) Local site class : Z2

Table 2 - Local site classes

Local site Soil group and
class topmost layer thickness (h1)
Group (A) soils
Z1 Group (B) soils with h1 ≤ 15 m

Group (B) soils with h1 > 15 m

Z2 Group (C) soils with h1 ≤ 15 m

Group (C) soils with 15m < h1≤ 50 m

Z3 Group (D) soils with h1 ≤ 10 m

Group (C) soils with h1> 50

Z4 Group (D) soils with h1 >10

3) Effective ground acceleration coefficient : Seismic zone 4

(Seismic zone 4 is indicated in Section 23a, article 1.5.5.)
(Technical specification for flue gas desulphurization plant)

Table 3 - Effective ground acceleration coefficient (A0)

Seismic zone A0
1 0.4
2 0.3
3 0.2
4 0.1
4) Importance Factors : 1.50 ( for power generation and distribution facilities)

Table 4 - Building importance factor

Importance
Purpose of occupancy or type of building
factor (I)
1. Buildings to be utilized after the earthquake buildings containing
hazardous materials. A) buildings required to be utilized immediately after
the earthquake (hospitals, dispensaries, health wards, fire fighting building
and facilities, PTT and other telecommunication facilities, transportation
1.5
stations and terminals, power generation and distribution facilities;
governorate, county and municipality administration buildings, first aid
and emergency planning stations.)
b) buildings containing or storing toxic, explosive and flammable material
2. Intensively and long-term occupied buildings and buildings preserving
valuable goods.
a) schools, other educational buildings and facilities, dormitories and 1.4
hotels, military barracks, prisones, etc.
b) museums
3. Intensively but short-term occupied buildings
1.2
sport facilities, cinema, theatre and concert halls, etc.
4. other buildings
Buildings other than above defined buildings. (residential and office buildings 1.0
hotels, building-like industrial structures, etc)

5) Determination of Structural System

Response Modification Coefficient, R
X-Dir 3
Y-Dir 3
Table 5-Structural system behavior factors ( R ) for building structures

Systems of Systems of
Nominal High
Building Structural System
Ductility Ductility
Level Level

(1) Cast-In-Situ Reinforced Concrete Buildings

(1.1) Buildings in which seismic loads are fully resisted by frames. 4 8
(1.2) Builidng in which seismic loads are fully resisted by coupled
structural walls. 4 7
(1.3) Building in which seismic loads are fully resisted by solid
structural walls. 4 6
(1.4) Buildings in which seismic loads are jointly resisted by
frames and solid and/or coupled structural walls. 4 7
(2) Prefabricated reinforced concrete buildings
(2.1) Buildings in which seismic loads are fully resisted by
frames with connections capable of cyclic moment transfer 3 6
(2.2) Buildings in which seismic loads are fully resisted by
single-storey hinged frames with fixed-in bases. - 5
(2.3) Buildings in which seismic loads are fully resisted by
prefabricated solid structural walls. - 4
(2.4) Buildings in which seismic loads are jointly resisted by
frames with connections capable of cyclic moment transfer
and cast-in-situ solid and/or coupled structural walls.
(3) Structural Steel building
(3.1) Buildings in which seismic loads are fully resisted by
frames 5 8
(3.2) Buildings in which seismic loads are fully resisted by
single-storey hinged frames with fixed-in bases. 4 6
(3.3) Buildings in which sesimc loads are fully resisted by
braced frames or cast-in-situ reinforced concrete structural
walls.
(a) Concentrically braced frames 3 -
(b) Eccentrically braced frames - 7
(c) Reinforced concrete structural walls 4 6
(3.4) Buildings in which seismic loads are jointly reisted by
frames and braced frames or cast-in-situ reinforced
concrete structural walls
(a) Concentrically braced frames 4 -
(b) Eccentrically braced frames - 8
(c) Reinforced concrete structural walls 4 7
 Table 5 - Structural behavior factors for non-building structures : 3
(Structural behavior factor of 3 for Cast-in-situ reinforced concrete silos and industrial chimneys
with uniformly distributed mass along height )
Type of structure
Elevated liquid tanks, pressurized tanks, bunkers, vessels carried by
4
frames of high ductility level or steel eccentric braced frames
Elevated liquid tanks, pressurized tanks, bunkers, vessels carried by
2
frames of nominal ductility level or steel concentric braced frames
Cast-in-situ reinforced concrete silos and industrial chimneys with
3
uniformly distributed mass along height
Reinforced concrete cooling towers 3
Space truss steel towers, steel silos and industrial chimneys with
4
uniformly distributed mass along height
Guyed steel high posts and guyed steel chimneys 2
Inverted pendulum type structures carried by a single structural
2
element with mass concentrated at the top
Industrial type steel storage racks 4

6) Calculation of Design Spectral Acceleration

- The spectral acceleration coefficient

The spectral acceleration coefficient, A(T), corresponding to 5% damped elastic design acceleration
spectrum normalised by the acceleration of gravity, g, is given by,

A(T) = A0 · I · S(T)
A0 : Effective ground acceleration coefficient
I : Importance factor
S(T): The spectrum coefficient, depending on the local site conditions and the building
natural period(T) shall be determined by the next formula.
S(T) = 1 + 1.5 T/TA (0≤T≤TA)
S(T) = 2.5 (TA<T≤TB)
S(T) = 2.5(TB/T)0.8 (TB<T)

Spectrum characteristic periods, TA and TB are specified in the table below.

Table 6 - Spectrum characteristic periods
Local site class TA TB
acceleration (Second) (Second)
Z1 0.10 0.30
Z2 0.15 0.40
Z3 0.15 0.60
Z4 0.20 0.90
7) Reduction of elastic seismic loads: seismic load reduction factor

Elastic seismic loads to be determined in terms of spectral acceleration coefficient defined in

the '6. Calculation of Design Spectral Acceleration' shall be divided to below defined seismic
load reduction factor to account for the specific non-linear behavior of the structural system
during earthquake.
Seismic load reduction factor, Ra(T), shall be determined by the next equation in terms of
structural behavior factor, R for various structural systems, and the natural vibration period, T.

Ra(T) = 1.5 + (R-1.5) T/TA (0 ≤ T ≤ TA)

Ra(T) = R (T > TA)

8) Design Spectral Acceleration

Sae(Tn)
SaR(Tn) =
Ra(Tn)

9) Spectrum Graph

0.14

0.12
Normalized Accel.(g)

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Period(s)

10. Load combinations

Case 1 : X-dir ± 1.0 Ex ± 0.3 Ey

Case 2 : Y-dir ± 0.3 Ex ± 1.0 Ey
5.8 THERMAL LOAD(T(+), T(-))

Uniform temperature load : ΔT = ± 35 ℃

5.9 FORCE CACULATING HOPPER GATE

qy = 709.9 kN/m²

2300
440

H25@125

2600 SHEAR BAR

500

H20- 4.0LEG@200

AHCHOR BAR
2xM22@250, L=250mm

AHCHOR BAR
2xM22@250, L=250mm
526

Area : πx 2.6 ² / 4 = 5.309 m²

Circumference : πx 2.6 = 8.168 m
Vu = 1.6 x 709.868 x 5.309 / 8.168 = 738.3 kN/m
Mu = 738.3 x 0.15 = = 110.7 kN.m/m
tonf/㎥
m

deg
m
m

m
deg
m
m
m
m

m
m
m
deg
deg
deg
[Roof slope(α) as function of reduction value (M)]
kN/m2

kN/m2
kN/m2
kN/m2

kN/m2

deg
ficient associated with the element of surface area under consideration.
ed by various structure shapes and various wind directions.

sure of the wind

kN/㎡
kN/㎡
classes to be considered as the bases of determination of local soil

ed as standard values given for guidance only in determining the

Shear
wave
velocity (m/s)

> 1000

> 700
> 700

700 - 1000

400 - 700
300 - 700

400 -700

200 - 400

200 - 300

< 200

< 200
< 200
 Soil group and
topmost layer thickness (h1)
Group (A) soils
Group (B) soils with h1 ≤ 15 m

Group (B) soils with h1 > 15 m

Group (C) soils with h1 ≤ 15 m

Group (C) soils with 15m < h1≤ 50 m

Group (D) soils with h1 ≤ 10 m

Group (C) soils with h1> 50

Group (D) soils with h1 >10

A0
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
 Importance
factor (I)

1.5

1.4

1.2

1.0

Response Modification Coefficient, R

3
3
Systems of
High
Ductility
Level

-
7
6

-
8
7
 4

coefficient, A(T), corresponding to 5% damped elastic design acceleration

oefficient, depending on the local site conditions and the building

 determined in terms of spectral acceleration coefficient defined in
n Spectral Acceleration' shall be divided to below defined seismic
count for the specific non-linear behavior of the structural system

R for various structural systems, and the natural vibration period, T.

2 3 4 5 6
Period(s)
440

H25@125

SHEAR BAR
500

H20- 4.0LEG@200

AHCHOR BAR
2xM22@250, L=250mm

AHCHOR BAR
2xM22@250, L=250mm
526