Representation of Data in

GIS: Driving Data-Driven

Decisions
Welcome to our presentation on the power of Geographic Information
Systems (GIS) and how its data representation capabilities can drive
impactful, data-driven decisions. Over the next 10 cards, we'll explore the
fundamental concepts of GIS, delve into real-time data acquisition, and
showcase how GIS can be leveraged for effective analysis and decision-
making in administrative settings. Get ready to discover the
transformative potential of spatial data.

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Dhananjay Dinesh Nerkar | MPlan | 240101501009
Introduction to Geographic Information
Systems (GIS)
What is GIS? Key Components

GIS is a powerful technology that integrates hardware, The core components of a GIS include data collection, data
software, and data to capture, manage, analyze, and visualize management, spatial analysis, and data visualization. These
all forms of geographically referenced information. It enables elements work together to provide a comprehensive
organizations to better understand spatial relationships, framework for understanding and utilizing spatial data.
patterns, and trends within their data.

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Dhananjay Dinesh Nerkar | MPlan | 240101501009
Fundamental Concepts of
GIS Data Representation
1 Spatial Data Types 2 Spatial Data
Structures
GIS data can be represented in
various forms, including vector Efficient storage and retrieval
(points, lines, polygons) and of spatial data are essential.
raster (grid-based images) GIS utilizes specialized data
formats. Each data type has structures, such as quadtrees,
unique characteristics and R-trees, and grids, to optimize
applications. spatial queries and analysis.

3 Coordinate Systems
Spatial data is referenced to a specific coordinate system, which
defines the frame of reference and the way locations are represented
on a map or in a GIS database.
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Dhananjay Dinesh Nerkar | MPlan | 240101501009
 V
Spatial Data Types and
E
Structures C
Vector Data Raster Data T
Vector data represents geographic Raster data, on the other hand, is a O
features as points, lines, or polygons. grid-based representation of
This format is well-suited for geographic information, such as R
representing discrete objects, such as satellite imagery, aerial photographs,
buildings, roads, and administrative and digital elevation models.
boundaries.
R
Spatial Data Structures Coordinate Systems
A
Efficient spatial data structures, like Coordinate systems, such as latitude S
quadtrees and R-trees, enable rapid
retrieval and analysis of spatial data,
and longitude or projected coordinate
systems, provide the necessary frame T
allowing GIS users to perform complex
queries and spatial analyses quickly.
of reference for accurately
representing and analyzing spatial
E
data.
R
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Dhananjay Dinesh Nerkar | MPlan | 240101501009
GIS Data Acquisition: Real-
Time Surveyed Data

GPS Surveying Aerial Imagery

Global Positioning System (GPS) technology Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), or
enables the collection of highly accurate, drones, can capture high-resolution aerial
real-time spatial data through field surveys imagery that can be integrated into a GIS
and mobile devices. for detailed mapping and analysis.

Satellite Imagery Sensor Networks

Satellite-based remote sensing provides a The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT)
wealth of spatial data, including land cover, sensors enables the collection of real-time,
elevation, and environmental information, location-based data that can be integrated
which can be leveraged in GIS applications. into a GIS for dynamic monitoring and
analysis.
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Dhananjay Dinesh Nerkar | MPlan | 240101501009
Leveraging GIS for Data-Driven Decision Making

Data Collection
1 Efficient data acquisition through GPS, aerial imagery, and sensor networks provides the foundation for a robust GIS.

Data Integration
2 Integrating diverse spatial datasets from multiple sources enables a comprehensive understanding of the
geographic landscape.

Spatial Analysis
3 Powerful GIS tools and techniques, such as overlay analysis, buffer creation, and network analysis, deliver
deeper insights from the data.

Data Visualization
4 Effective data visualization through maps, charts, and interactive dashboards empowers
stakeholders to make informed, data-driven decisions.

Decision Making
5 The insights derived from GIS-powered data analysis inform critical decision-making
processes, leading to more effective, evidence-based outcomes.

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Dhananjay Dinesh Nerkar | MPlan | 240101501009
Effective Visualization and
Analysis of GIS Data
1 Thematic Mapping
GIS enables the creation of thematic maps that visually represent the
spatial distribution of specific variables, such as population density or
land use patterns.

2 Spatial Analysis
Advanced GIS tools allow for sophisticated spatial analysis, including
overlay analysis, buffer creation, network analysis, and more, to uncover
hidden patterns and relationships.

3 Dynamic Dashboards
Interactive GIS dashboards integrate real-time data feeds, allowing
users to visualize and explore spatial data in an intuitive, user-friendly
interface.

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Dhananjay Dinesh Nerkar | MPlan | 240101501009
GIS Applications in
Administrative Work

122 47%
Asset Management Urban Planning
GIS can help government agencies and GIS-powered spatial analysis supports
municipalities effectively manage and urban planning efforts, including land use
maintain their infrastructure, such as roads, zoning, transportation planning, and
utilities, and public facilities. resource allocation.

84K $2.4B
Public Safety Economic Development
GIS data can be used to optimize GIS can aid economic development
emergency response and disaster initiatives by identifying suitable locations
management, helping to improve public for businesses, analyzing market trends, and
safety and emergency preparedness. supporting infrastructure planning.
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Dhananjay Dinesh Nerkar | MPlan | 240101501009
Case Study: A GIS Project and Its
Data Representation
1 Flood Risk Assessment
A local municipality implemented a GIS-based flood risk assessment project to
better understand and mitigate the impacts of recurring floods in the region.

2 Data Collection
The project team utilized a combination of surveyed elevation data, historical flood
records, and real-time sensor readings to build a comprehensive GIS database.

3 Spatial Analysis
GIS tools were used to perform flood modeling, identify high-risk areas, and assess
the potential impact on critical infrastructure and vulnerable populations.

4 Visualization and Dashboards

Interactive GIS dashboards were developed to visualize flood risk, monitor real-time
conditions, and support decision-making for emergency response and long-term
mitigation strategies.

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Dhananjay Dinesh Nerkar | MPlan | 240101501009
Conclusion and Future Trends in GIS

Geospatial Revolution Integrated Ecosystems Citizen Engagement

GIS has evolved from a niche GIS will become increasingly As GIS technologies become more
technology to a powerful tool that integrated with other enterprise accessible and user-friendly,
is transforming how organizations systems, providing a citizens will play a greater role in
and governments make data- comprehensive, spatial-enabled contributing to and interacting
driven decisions. The future of GIS platform for managing and with spatial data, fostering
will continue to be shaped by analyzing a wide range of data. increased transparency and
advancements in areas such as This will lead to more informed, public participation in decision-
cloud computing, big data, and collaborative, and effective making.
artificial intelligence. decision-making processes.

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Dhananjay Dinesh Nerkar | MPlan | 240101501009