DESIGN OF AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

KOWSALYA.M

SHUTHI SUPPRIYAA.S

VIJAY.A

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

in

CIVIL ENGINEERING

BHARATH NIKETAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

AUNDIPATTI-625 536, THENI-DT

DECEMBER 2020
 ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “DESIGN OF AIRPORT TERMINAL

BUILDING” is the bonafide work “KOWSALYA.M (920117103006),
SHUTHI SUPPRIYAA.S (920117103010), VIJAY.A (920117103016)”
who carried out the project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

C. MURUGAN., M.E., P.TENZING., M.E.,

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR

Assistant Professor
Dept of Civil Engineering Dept of Civil Engineering
BharathNiketan Engineering College BharathNiketan Engineering College
Aundipatty-625 536 Aundipatty-625 536

Submitted for viva voice held on.......................................

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We are very much grateful to our College and our Managing Chairman
Shri. S. MOHAN for enabling us to complete this work successful.

We are thankful to Dr. P.V.ARUL KUMAR, M.E., M.B.A., Ph.D.,

Principal, Bharath Niketan Engineering College, his support and encouragement
to complete our project work.

Our sincere thanks to Mr.C.MURUGAN., M.E., Head of the

Department, Civil Engineering for his motivation and suggestions which
improved the quality of our project work.

We wish to express our sincere thanks to our guide

Mr.P.TENZING.,M.E., Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering
for his able guidance and support rendered to us during the semester for
successful completion of our project work.

iii
 ABSTRACT

Airport terminals go through frequent transformation to

accommodate technological advancements as well as changes in
regulations. The ever growing industries of our country requires an
economical and also a modern and simple airport terminal building, that’s
why we choose to design an economical and help to develop the tourism
and fast transportation facilities of surrounding area. The passenger
airport terminal building designing requires lot of expectations and
modernism it is one of engineering and architectural structure which can
show our cultural and technological and developmental level of the city.

The aim of this project is to design a new airport terminal building

in the cumbum to bodi district, with a greater sense of place the airport in
theses area. Our goal is to design an airport that gives a sense of place and
provides an inspiring and welcoming first impression to visitors.

iv
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

NO. NO.
ABSTRACT iv
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGURES viii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ix

1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 GENERAL 1
1.2 LOCATION 2

2 STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS 4
2.1 METHODOLOGY 4
4
2.2 GENERAL
4
2.3 DESCRIPTION

3 STRUCTURAL DESIGN 5
3.1 DESIGN OF SLABS 5
3.1.1 One way slab 6
3.2 DESIGN OF BEAMS 14
3.2.1 Singly reinforced beam 15
3.3 DESIGN OF COLUMN 22
3.3.1 Rectangular column 23

3.4 DESIGN OF FOOTING 28

3.4.1 Rectangular footing 29

v
4 CONCULSION 44

REFERANCE 45

vi
 LIST OF TABLES
PAGE NO
TABLE NO. TITLE

3.1 Permissible shear stress for one way slab 10

3.2 Permissible shear stress for singly reinforced 18
beam
3.3 Permissible shear stress rectangular footing-1 35
3.4 Permissible shear stress rectangular footing-2 37

vii
 LIST OF FIGURES
PAGE
FIGURE NO. TITLE NO.

3.1 Reinforcement details of one way slab 12

3.2 Cross section of one way slab 13
3.3 Reinforcement details of singly reinforced beam 21
3.4 Reinforcement details of rectangular footing 27
3.5 Factored moment of rectangular column 31
3.6 Check for shear at shorter direction 34
3.7 Check for shear at longer direction 36
3.8 Check for shear at d/2 around the face of the
column 48
3.9 Bottom length of frustum of pyramid 39
3.10 Reinforcement details of rectangular footing 42
3.11 Cross section of rectangular footing 43
3.12 Terminal building layout-1 46
3.13 Terminal building layout-2 47
3.14 Layout of departure 48
3.15 Layout of arrival 49

viii
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
fck - Characteristic cube compressive strength of concrete
fy - Characteristic strength of steel
L
- Length of member
Leff
Lx - Effective length
Ly - Effective span along shorter span
Ast - Effective span along longer span
Asc
- Area of tension steel
At
Ag - Area of compressive steel
vc
- Area of torsion reinforcement
bd
D - Gross area of section
dʼ - Nominal shear stress of concrete
Xu - Permissible shear stress of concrete
X
- Width of compression face
- Effective depth
- Over all depth
W
- Effective cover
Wu - Depth of neutral axis
Pu - Limiting value of Xu
Mu - Uniformly distributed load
M
- Factored load
V - Factored column load
Vu - Factored bending moment
Pt
- Limiting value of Mu
- Shear force
- Shear force due to design load
- Percentage of reinforcement

ix
 CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL

An airport terminal needs to accommodate a wide range of allied

operations and facilities where the performance of any operation influences
the other. Airport terminals are composed of large-scale, multi-stakeholder
buildings that require an innovative design approach to tackle a number of
strongly interacting services and stakeholders. Airport terminal design
approach entails an appropriate recognition of the relationship between all
interdependent activities to ensure smooth operation and a high level of
passenger satisfaction. The aviation industry is growing rapidly – in the past
decade air travel has grown 7% per year (MIT, 2013) with travel for both
business and leisure purposes showing strong growth worldwide. This ever-
increasing growth in air transport propagates into the need for providing
more-efficient airport terminal services that can accommodate growth in
demand.

Airport terminal is a complex building whose usage could change widely

during its lifetime. Provisions to accommodate such changes should be one
of the most important factors in determining economic efficiency and
performance of this building. The concept of “flexible design” is intended to
respond specifically to changing situations and operations. Continuous and
rapid changes required in airport management to incorporate technological
advancements clearly warrant new approaches of design to allow for short to
long-term flexibility in airport terminal development. Appropriate
integration of flexibility within the standard design process has, therefore,
been identified as an efficient way of dealing with uncertainties.

1
 1.2 LOCATION

Cumbum

Near on bodi to cumbumroad and outer of the city

(These two locations are suitable for grabbing maximum passenger

and meet the problem of parking)

SOME REGIONWISE BASIC CALCULATIONS

Cumbum

Village = More than 50

Schools = More than 25

Colleges = 3

Local institutes= More than 20

These all contains maximum of 100000 peoples and in this a bigger amount
of students (At least 5000 students) who visit abroad daily.

In these area a number of tourist place and sooner a stadium may constructed
and the local and national industries are available and the level of business
men’s are getting grow which needs an plenty of airport availability.

2
 CHAPTER-2

STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Slab:
A Flat piece of concrete put on the walls or columns of a structure. It serves as a
walking surface but may also serve as a load bearing member, as in slab homes.

Column:
A column is defined a structural member subjected to compressive force in a
direction parallel to its longitudinal axis. The columns are used primarily to
support compressive load. A column may be considered to be short when its
effective length does not exceed twelve times the least lateral dimension. If the
ratio of effective length to lateral dimension exceeds twelve, the column is
considered as long for design purpose.
Beam:

Beams are meant for supporting slabs and walls are secondary beams.
The breath of the beam must be such as to accommodate the necessary
reinforcement. Generally, a beams is satisfactory its breadth is between half the
effective depth and two thirds of the effective depth

Footing:

A concrete support under a foundation that rests in solid ground and is wider
than the structure supported. Footing distributes the weight of the structure over
the ground.

3
2.1. METHODOLOGY
2.2. General:
Methodology involves the various methods involved in the design of the
all structural elements of Airport Terminal Building.
2.3 Description:

Site selection

Plan for airport terminal prepared in AutoCAD

Design of various structural components

Slabs

Beams

Columns

Footings

4
 CHAPTER-3

DESIGN OF SLAB

Slab:

A flat piece of concrete put on the walls or columns of a structure. It

serves as a walking surface but may also serve as a load bearing member, as in
slab homes.

Function of slab:

Provide flat surface

To support load

Sound, heat and fire insulator

Flat slab:

A flat slab is a two way reinforced concrete slab that usually does not
have beams and girders, and the loads are transferred directly to the supporting
concrete columns

One way slab:

A rectangular reinforced concrete slab which spans a distance very

much greater in one direction than the other, under these conditions, most of
the loads is carried on the shorter span.

5
3.1.1 One way slab

Step:-1 Design Data

Size of slab = 83

Width of beam = 300 mm

Materials used:-

M20 Grade of concrete

Fe 415 Grade of steel

2
Fck = 20 N/mm
2
Fy = 415 N/mm

According to IS 875:Part-1

2
Live load on lobbies (P) = 4 KN/m

Step:-2 Type of slab

Lx/Ly = 8/2 > 2

= 2.67 > 2

Then the slab is one way slab

Step:-3 Effective depth

According to IS 456:2000

Effective depth (d) = Lx/25

=3000/25 = 120 mm

= 125 mm

6
Step:-4 Overall depth(D)

To provide 10 mm  of bar

Cover = 15 mm

Overall depth(D) = d + clear cover + /2

= 125+15+10/2 = 145 mm

Step:-5 Effective span(Leff)

a. Effective span(Leff) = clear cover + support/2 +

support/2 = 3 + 0.23/2 + 0.23/2 = 3.23 m
b. Effective span(Leff) = clear cover + Effective depth (d)
=3 + 0.125 = 3.125 m

Let provided small value

Effective span(Leff) = 3.125 m

Step:-6 Factored load

2
Live load = 4 KN/m

Self weight of slab = 0.1451125

2
=3.625 KN/m
2
Total load = 4 + 3.625 = 7.625 KN/m
2
Factored load = 1.57.625 = 11.437 KN/m

Step:-7 Factored moment

2 2
Mu = (WuLeff )/8 = (11.4373.125 )/8

= 13.96 KN.m

7
Step:-8 Check for Effective depth

According to IS 456:2000

Fe 415 Grade of steel

2
Fy = 415 N/mm
2
Mu = 0.138Fckbd

6 2
13.9610 = 0.138201000d

√

 
drequired = 71.19 mm

dprovided = 125 mm

drequired = dprovided

Hence safe

Step:-9 Main reinforcement (Ast)

Mu = 0.87fy Astd[1-(fyAst/fckbd)]
6
13.9610 = 0.87415Ast125[1-
2
(415Ast/201000125)] Ast = 327.08 mm

According to IS 456: 2000

Minimum Area of steel (Ast min) = 0.12% of cross section area

Ast min = (0.12bD)/100

2
= (0.121000145)/100 = 174 mm

8
Ast min<Ast provided
Hence safe.

To provide 10 mm  of bars
2
No of bars = Ast/ast = 327.08/(10 /4) = 4.16 = 5 no of bars

Spacing

a. Spacing = Length/no of bars = 1000/5 = 200 mm

b. Minimum spacing = 300 mm
c. Spacing = 3d = 3125 = 375 mm

Provide small value

Spacing = 200 mm c/c

Provide 10 mm  of bar used at 200 mm c/c spacing

Step:-10 Area of Distribution reinforcement

According to IS 456: 2000

Minimum area of steel (Ast min) = 0.12% of cross section area

Ast min = (0.12bD)/100

= (0.121000145)/100

2
= 174 mm

To provide 8 mm  of bars
2
No of bars = Ast/ast = 327.08/(8 /4) = 3.46 = 4 no of bars

Spacing = Length/no of bars = 1000/4 = 250 mm

Provide 8 mm  of bar used at 250 mm c/c spacing

9
Step:-10 Check for shear

According to IS 456:2000 Table no-19

Permissible shear stress = c

2
Ast provided = (510 )/4

2
=392.69 mm

Percentage of steel = (100Ast provided) / bd

= (100392.69) / (1000125) = 0.314

c value can be taken from Table No: 19 at IS 456: 2000

Table3.1 permissible shear stress-1

y = y1+[(y2-y1/x2-x1)(x-x1)]

y = c = 0.36+[(0.48 – 0.36)/(0.5 – 0.25)(0.314 – 0.25)]

2
c = 0.39 N/mm

Actual shear stress (v) = Vu/bd

Maximum shear force (Vu) = WuLeff/2

2
Factored load (Wu) = 11.437 KN/m

Vu = (11.373)/2 = 17.055 KN

10
 3
v = 17.05510 / (1000125) = 0.136

2
N/mm c>v

Hence safe in shear

Step:-11 Check for deflection

From Figure-4 IS 456:2000

Modification factor (M.F) = 1.42 corresponding to Pt = 0.31%

Fs = 0.58fy(Area of steel required / Area of steel provided)

2
= 0.58415(174/392.69) = 106.65 N/mm

(L/d)max = Basic valueModificattion factor

[Basic value for simply supported beam = 20]

= 201.42 = 28.4 mm

(L/d)max = 3000/125 = 24 < 28.4

(L/d)max< (L/d)provided

Hence safe in deflection.

11
Step:-12Reinforcement Details

Figure.3.1 Reinforcement details of one way slab

12
Figureure 3.2. cross section of one way slab

13
3.2 .DESIGN OF BEAM

Beam:

Horizontal or inclined structural member spanning a distance between

one or more supports, and carrying vertical loads across its longitudinal axis, as
a girder, joist, or rafter.

Singly reinforced beam:

In case of singly reinforced beams, the concrete on upper portion is

subjected to compression and the reinforcements are provided to resist tension
on lower part. In case the depth of beams is greater

Doubly reinforced beam:

A doubly reinforced concrete section is reinforced in both compression

and tension regions. The section of the beam or slab may be a rectangle, T and
L section.

14
3.2.1SINGLY REINFORCED BEAM

Step:-1Design data

Type of beam = Rectangular beam

Breath = 300 mm

Depth = 600 mm

Clear span = 8 m

Materials used:-

M20 Grade of concrete

Fe 415 Grade of steel

2
Fck = 20 N/mm
2
Fy = 415 N/mm

Step:-2 Load Calculation

Self weight of slab = 830.14525 = 87 KN

= 87/8 = 10.875 KN/m

= 10.8751.5 = 16.31 KN/m

Step:-3Effective depth

To provide 20 mm  of bar

Cover = 25 mm

Effective depth (d) = D – [clear cover +

/2] 600 – [25 + 20/2] = 565 mm

15
Step:-4 Effective span(Leff)

Effective span(Leff) = clear cover + support/2 + support/2

= 8 + 0.3/2 + 0.3/2 = 8.3 m

c. Effective span(Leff) = clear cover + Effective depth
(d) =8 + 0.565 = 8.565 m

Let provided small value

Effective span(Leff) = 8.3 m

Step:-5Factored moment
2 2
Mu = (WuLeff )/8 = (16.38.3 )/8 = 140.36 KN.m

Mu limit = 0.36fckbxulimit(d – 0.42 xu limit)

xu limit = 0.48d = 0.48565 = 271.2 KN.m

Mu limit = 0.3620300271.2[565 – (0.42271.2)]

= 261.3 KN.m

Mu< Mu limit

Hence the beam is singly under reinforced section.

Step:-6Area of steel (Ast)

Mu = 0.87fy Astd[1-(fyAst/fckbd)]
6
140.3610 = 0.87415Ast565[1-(415Ast/201000565)]
2
Ast = 706.39 mm

Minimum Area of steel

According to Annex-G IS 456:2000

16
 Asc min = 0.85bd/fy

2
= 0.85300565/415 = 355.33 mm

Aprovided>Asc min

Hence safe.

Step:-7No of bars used

No of bars used in Tension side

To provide 20 mm  of bars
2
No of bars = Ast/ast = 706.33/(20 /4) = 2.24 = 3 no of

bars Provide 3 - 20 mm  of bar used at Tension side.

No of bars used in Compression side

To provide 20 mm  of bars
2
No of bars = Asc min /ast = 355.33/(20 /4) = 1.13 = 2 no of

bars Provide 2 - 20 mm  of bar used at Compression side.

Step:-8Curtailment

50% of Tension side

0.08Ly0.1L

50% of Compression side

0.08Ly0.1L

0.088000 = 640 mm = 650 mm

17
Step:-9Check for shear
2
Factored load (Wu) = 16.31 KN/m

Maximum shear force (Vu) = WuLeff/2 = 16.318.3/2 = 67.68 KN

3
Nominal shear stress (v) = Vu/bd = 67.6810 / (300565)

2
= 0.399 N/mm

According to IS 456:2000 Table no-19

Permissible shear stress = c

2 2
Ast provided = (320 )/4 =942.477 mm

Percentage of steel = (100Ast provided) / bd

= (100942.477) / (300565)

= 0.55 %

c value can be taken from Table No: 19 at IS 456: 2000

Table3.2 permissible shear stress-2

y = y1+[(y2-y1/x2-x1)(x-x1)]

y = c = 0.48+[(0.56 – 0.48)/(0.75 – 0.5)(0.55 – 0.5)]

2
c = 0.49 N/mm

18
c>v

Hence safe in shear.

Shear resisted by concrete (Vuc) = Shear stressEffective cross sectional

area Vuc = cbd

3
= 0.49300565 = 83.05510 KN

Shear resisted by stirrups (Vus) = Vu – Vuc = 83.055 – 67.68 = 15.375 KN

Spacing between by stirrups (Sv)

According to IS 456: 2000

Provide 2 legged 8 mm  of stirrups

a. Shear resisted by stirrups (Vus) = 0.87fyAstd /Sv

3
Sv = 0.87fyAstd /Vus = 0.87415100.53565/31.0410 = 1333.83 mm
b. Sv = 0.75d = 0.75565 = 423.75 mm
c. Sv = 450 mm
d. Sv max = 2.175fyAst/b = 2.175415100.53/300 = 300.87 mm = 300 mm

Provide 2 legged 8 mm  of stirrups used at 300 mm c/c spacing

Step:-10Check for deflection

From Figureure-4 IS 456:2000

Modification factor (M.F) = 1.42 corresponding to Pt = 0.31%

Fs = 0.58fy(Area of steel required / Area of steel provided)

2
= 0.58415(706.33/942.47) = 135.29 N/mm

19
 (L/d)max = Basic valueModification factor

[Basic value for simply supported beam = 20]

= 201.2 = 24 mm

(L/d)max = 8000/565 = 14.5 < 24

(L/d)max< (L/d)provided

Hence safe in deflection.

20
Step:-11 Reinforcement Details

Figureure.3.3. Reinforcement details of singly reinforced beam

21
 3.3..DESIGN OF COLUMN

Column:

Upright structural member used preliminary in supporting axial

compression loads, and commonly having a height at least three times its width
or thickness.

Functions of column:

A column is used to support the weight of the roof and/ or the upper
floors. Now a days, many columns are used for decorative purposes. A column
along with load bearing beams can support a lot of weight

In case of usage these plan, the circular column is used

Circular column:

The circular column is which usually in round shape, and the resistance to
bending or deflection of a circular cross section is higher than a rectangular
cross section with the same area.

Rectangular column:

A rectangular column that usually projects about a third of its width from
the wall to which it is attached.

22
3.3.1. RECTANGULAR COLUMN

Step:-1 Design Data

Type of Column = Rectangular Column

End condition = Two ends are fixed

Length of column = 5 m

Effective length(Leff) = 0.67L = 0.675 = 3.35 m

Materials used:-

M20 Grade of concrete

Fe 415 Grade of steel

2
Fck = 20 N/mm
2
Fy = 415 N/mm

Step:-2 Load Calculation

Self weight of slab-1 = 830.14525 = 87 KN

Self weight of beam-1 = 80.30.625 = 36 KN

Load on transfers beam = 27 KN

Self weight of column = 0.30.45425 =13.5 KN

Self weight of slab-2 = 87 KN

Self weight of beam-2 = 36+37 = 63 KN

Total Dead load = 87+36+27+13.5+87+63 = 313.5 KN

Live load on slab = 4 KN/m = 834 = 96 KN

23
 Glass load on wall = 0.5 KN/m = (8+3)0.5 = 5.5

KN Total axial load = 313.5+32+5.5 = 415 KN

Factored load = 1.5415 = 622.5

KN Step:-3 Size of column

Ag = Ac + Asc

Ag = bd

Asc = 1% of Ag = 0.01Ag

Ac = Ag – Asc = Ag – 0.01Ag = 0.99Ag

According to IS 456:2000

Pu = 0.4fckAc+0.67fyAsc
3
622.510 = 0.4200.99Ag+0.674150.01Ag = 10.7Ag
3 3 2
Ag = 622.510 /10.7 = 58.17710 mm

D = 1.5B
2
Ag = DB = 1.5BB = 1.5B
√

√

= 196.93 mm = 300 mm

D = 1.5B = 1.5300 = 450 mm

24
Step:-4 Type of column

Type of column = Effective length(Leff) /Least radius of gyration

=3.35/0.3 = 11.16 < 12

Then the column is short column

Step:-5Minimum Eccentricity

Minimum Eccentricity on breath

a. emin = L/500 + B/30 = (5000/500)+(300/30) = 20 mm

b. emin = 0.05B = 0.05300 = 15 mm

20 mm > 15 mm

Hence safe.

Minimum Eccentricity on depth

a. emin = L/500 + D/30 = (5000/500)+(450/30) = 25 mm

b. emin = 0.05D = 0.05450 = 22.5 mm

25 mm > 22.5 mm

Hence safe.

Step:-6Longitudinal reinforcement

From clause 39.3 & 39.4 in IS 456: 2000

Pu = 0.4fckAc+0.67fyAsc

Ag = Ac + Asc
3
Ag = 300450 = 13510
3
Ac =Ag – Asc = 13510 – Asc

25
 3
622.510 = 0.420(Ag–Asc) + 0.67415Asc
3 3
622.510 = 0.420(13510 –Asc) + 0.67415Asc
3 2
Asc = 1.69810 mm

To provide 20 mm  of bars
3 2
No of bars = Ast/ast = 1.6910 /(20 /4) = 5.37 = 6 no of bars

Step:-7Clear cover

a. Clear cover = 40 mm
b. Dia of longitudinal bar = 20 mm

Adopt Clear cover = 40 mm

Step:-8Spacing between bars

Spacing = [450 – (40+40+20/2+20/2)]/2 = 175 mm < 300 mm

Hence Ok.

Step:-9Lateral ties

Lateral ties = 1/4times of dia of longitudinal bar

= 1/420 = 5 mm = 6 mm

Provided 6 mm  of lateral ties

Step:-10 Pitch value

a. Overall depth = 300 mm

b. 16 smaller diameter of longitudinal bar = 1620 = 320 mm

Take smaller value.

Provide 6-20 mm  of bar used at 175 mm c/c spacing.

26
Step:-11 Reinforcement Details

Figureure.3.4.Reinforcement details of rectangular column

27
3.4 DESIGN OF FOOTING

Footing:

A concrete support under a foundation that rests in solid ground and is

wider than the structure supported. Footings distribute the weight of the
structure over the ground

Function of footing:

Footing is which transmits the loads of the super structure to the

supporting soil. A foundation is therefore that part of the structure which is in
direct contact with the ground to which loads are transmitted.

1. Reduction of load intensity

2. Even distribution of load
3. Lateral stability
4. Safety against undermining
5. Production against soil movements.

Footings used:

Rectangular footing

28
3.4.1 RECTANGULAR FOOTING Step:-

1 Design Data

Type of Column = Rectangular Column

Size of column = 300450 mm

Type of footing = Isolated Rectangular footing

2
Safe bearing capacity = 150 KN/m

Materials used:-

M20 Grade of concrete

Fe 415 Grade of steel

2
Fck = 20 N/mm
2
Fy = 415 N/mm

Step:-2 Load Calculation

Axial load acting on column = 2622.5 = 1245 KN

Self weight of column = 0.30.455252 = 33.75 KN

Self weigh of glass = 0.5 KN/m = (8+3)0.5 = 5.5 KN

Total load (w) = 1245+33.75+5.5 = 1284.25 KN

Step:-3 Size of footing

Total load (w) = w + w1

w – Load acting on the column

w1 – Self weight of footing

29
 w = 1.51284.25 = 1926.375 KN

Adopt weight of footing 10% of total factored load

=0.11926.375 = 192.63 KN

Total factored load = 1926.375+192.63 = 2119.015 KN

Area of footing = Ultimate load/Ultimate bearing capacity

Ultimate bearing capacity = Safe bearing capacityFactor of safety

Factor of safety = 2

2
1502 = 300 KN/m

Area of footing = 2119.01/300 = 7.06

2
m Provided Rectangular Footing

A=LB

L = 1.5B

2
7.06 = 1.5BB = 1.5B
√

B = 2.2 m

L = 1.52.2 = 3.3 m

Size of footing = 3.3 m  2.2 m

2
Area provided = 7.26 m

30
Step:-4 Net upward soil pressure (f0)

f0 = Load on footing withoutselfweight/Area of footing

2 2
=1926.375/3.32.2 = 265.34 KN/m < 300 KN/m

Hence safe.

Step:-5 Factored moment:

Figureure. 3.5..factored moment of rectangular footing

Mud = f0hatched areadistance between C.G of force the column

Longer direction

Mud =265.342.31.4251.425/2

= 619.62 KN.m

Shorter direction

Mud =265.343.311/2

= 875.62 KN.m

31
Step:-6 Effective depth (d)
2
Mu limit = Qbd

Mu = Mu limit

According to SP 16

Q = 2.76

6 2
619.6210 = 2.762300d

√ 


= 305.84 mm = 350 mm

Overall depth

Cover = 50 mm

= 350+50 = 400 mm

From safety purpose = 4002 = 800 mm

Effective depth (d) = 800 – 50 = 750 mm

Step:-7 Area of steel (Ast)

At shorter direction

Mu = 0.87fy Astd[1-(fyAst/fckbd)]
6
875.6210 = 0.87415Ast750[1-(415Ast/202300750)]
2
Ast = 3370 mm

32
At shorter direction
Mu = 0.87fy Astd[1-(fyAst/fckbd)]
6
619.6210 = 0.87415Ast750[1-(415Ast/203300750)]
2
Ast = 2333.94 mm

Step:-8 Spacing and no of bars

No of bars used in shorter direction

To provide 16 mm  of bars
2
No of bars = Ast/ast = 3370/(16 /4) = 16.76 = 17 no of

2 2
bars Ast provided = 17[(16 )/4] = 3418.05 mm

Spacing

Cover = 50 mm

Spacing = (2300 – 50 – 50)/17 = 129.41 mm = 120 mm c/c

Provide 17 - 16 mm  of bar used at 120 mm c/c spacing in shorter

direction No of bars used in longer direction

To provide 16 mm  of bars
2
No of bars = Ast/ast = 2333.94/(16 /4) = 11.16 = 12 no of

2 2
bars Ast provided = 12[(16 )/4] = 2412.74 mm

Spacing

Cover = 50 mm

Spacing = (3300 – 50 – 50)/17 = 290.9 mm = 280 mm c/c

33
Provide 12 - 16 mm  of bar used at 280 mm c/c spacing in longer direction

Step:-9 Check for shear

In general plane across the entire width at a distance = effective depth

from base of the column

In plane around the perimeter of the column at distance = d/2

Check for shear at effective depth from face of the column

Check for shear at shorter direction

Figureure.3.6. check for shear at shorter direction

34
 Shear force (Vu) = f0hatched area

= 265.342.30.7125 = 434.82 KN

2
Area resisting shear = 2.30.7125 = 1.63 m
3 6 2
shear stress (v) = Vu/bd = 434.8210 /1.6310 = 0.27 N/mm

Permissible shear stress = kc

k=1

According to IS 456:2000 Table no-19

2
Ast provided = 17[(16 )/4] = 3418.05

2
mm Percentage of steel = (100Ast provided) / bd

= (1003418.05)/(2300750) = 0.19 %

Table.3.3. permissible shear stress - 3

y = y1+[(y2-y1/x2-x1)(x-x1)]

y = c = 0.28+[(0.36 – 0.28)/(0.25 – 0.15)(0.19 – 0.15)]

2
c = 0.312 N/mm
2
Permissible shear stress = kc = 10.312 = 0.312 N/mm

kc>v Hence safe in shear.

35
Check for shear at longer direction

Figureure.3.7. check for shear at longer direction

Shear force (Vu) = f0hatched area

265.343.30.5 = 437.81 KN

2
Area resisting shear = 3.31 = 3.3 m
3 6
shear stress (v) = Vu/bd = 437.8110 /3.310

2
= 0.13 N/mm

Permissible shear stress = kc

k=1

According to IS 456:2000 Table no-19

36
 2
Ast provided = 12[(16 )/4] = 2412.74

2
mm Percentage of steel = (100Ast provided) / bd

= (1002412.74)/(2300750) = 0.164 %

Table3.4 permissible shear stress-4

y = y1+[(y2-y1/x2-x1)(x-x1)]

y = c = 0.28+[(0.36 – 0.28)/(0.25 – 0.15)(0.164 – 0.15)]

2
c = 0.29 N/mm
2
Permissible shear stress = kc = 10.29 = 0.29 N/mm

kc>v

Hence safe in shear.

37
Step:-10 Check for shear at d/2 around the face of the column

Figureure.3.8. Check for shear at d/2 around the face of the

column Length of hatched area = 450+750/2+750/2 = 1200 mm

Breath of hatched area = 300+750/2+750/2 = 4200 mm

6 2
Area = 4200750 = 3.1510 mm

Design shear = f0hatched area

= 265.31[(3.32.3) – (1.21.05)]

= 1679.3 KN
3 2
Nominal shear stress (v) = Vu/bd = 1679.310 / (42007520) = 0.53 N/mm

Permissible shear stress = ksc

ks = (0.5+c) < 1

38
 c = shorter side of column / longer side of column = 300/400 = 0.67

ks = 0.5+0.67 = 1.17
  √
 √

2
= 1.12 N/mm

v<c

Hence safe in shear.

Step:-11 Check for transfer load at base of column

Nominal bearing stress = Area load on footing / Total area of frustum

3 2
=2119.0510 /450300 = 15.69 N/mm

39
Bottom length of frustum of pyramid

Figureure.3.9 .Bottom length of frustum of pyramid

40
 6 2
A1 = Bottom area of frustum = 23003300 = 7.5910 mm

3 2
A2 = Top area of frustum = 450300 = 13510 mm

√ √



=7.49>2

Take least value

2
Permissible shear stress = 0.45202 = 18 N/mm
2 2
18 N/mm < 20 N/mm

Hence safe in shear.

41
Step:-12 Reinforcement Details

Figureure.3.10.Reinforcement details of rectangular footing

42
Figureure.3.11.cross section of rectangular footing

43
 CHAPTER – 4

CONCLUSION

Under the extension of passenger terminal construction project in

cumbum district Airport, a passenger terminal building will be stretched and
constructed for international and domestic travelers, accommodating the rapidly
increasing demand for air travel as well as improving the convenience and
safety of air travel. This will also promote economic growth in the India and
strengthen the capacity for the country to compete internationally.

The economic building concept is also a very important factor that is considered
in this paper. The sustainability and innovative approach by money saving,
efficient lighting system and which uses sunlight as primary source in
generating power for the proposed structure’s consumption will be installed. It
would also be a green building by using technologies such as solar panels for
energy saving which uses sunlight as primary source in generating power and
green roofing is also proposed for the project. And after the completion of this
project may achieve an important source of this place and an icon of the city. As
well as a safe economic air travelling to all foreign and domestic peoples who
loves air travelling, this makes a fulfillment to this city and our country.

44
REFERENCE
1. ACRP report of passenger terminal planning process
2. Indian standard of practice for plain reinforcement concrete
3. IS 456-2000, Bureau of Indian Standards, July 2000, New Delhi
4. IS 875-1987- of practice for design load other than earthquake
for buildings and structure part-1
5. Ramamrutham and punmia B.C “Design of Reinforecd Concrete
Structures” – text book on limit state design of reinforced
concrete structures.
rd
6. Krishna raju.N design of reinforced concrete structure (3 edition)
page 73-78, 99-103, 149-153, 179-190.
7. SP: 16 Indian standards Institution, 1980
8. Ram Chandra.N. and virendra geholt,”limit state
design”,standard book house.2004
rde
9. Aravind.N.design of reinforced concrete structure(3 edition)
10. Varges P.C., limit state design of R.C. elements, PHI
nd
learning.(2 section)
11. Shankara subramaniyan.V “Environmental engineering1”
lakshmi publications, july 2013
12. Garge.s.k,”Sewage disposal and air pollution
engineering”,kannan publications November 2012

45