Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Abinash
Sahoo
 Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Seminar Report submitted to the

Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology Sarang

for

Bachelor of Technology

by

Student name- Abinash Sahoo

Registration No- 2101105039

Under the supervision of

Dr. Sujit Kumar Pradhan

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

INDIRA GANDHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SARANG
DECEMBER 2024
 Approval of the Viva-Voce Board

Certified that the seminar report entitled "Fiber Reinforced Concrete",

submitted by Abinash Sahoo bearing registration No. of 2101105039 to the
Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology Sarang, for the Bachelor of Technology,
has been accepted by the internal examiners and that the student has
successfully presented his work held today.

(Guide) (Internal Examiners) (HOD, Civil Engg.)

 Certificate

This is to certify that the seminar report entitled “Fiber Reinforced Concrete",

submitted by “Abinash Sahoo” bearing Registration No. of 2101105039 to

Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology Sarang, is a record of bonafide research

work under my supervision and I consider it worthy of consideration for the

Bachelor in Technology of the Institute.

(Dr. Sujit Kumar Pradhan)

 Acknowledgement
I would like to express our sincere gratitude to my Project supervisor Mr Sujit
Kumar Pradhan, Department of Civil Engineering, Indira Gandhi Institute of
Technology, Sarang for her guidance, support and continuous encouragement
throughout the project work.

I express my immense pleasure and thankfulness to Dr. Goutam Kumar Pothal,

HOD, Civil Engineering, all the faculties and staff members of the Civil
Engineering Department, IGIT, Sarang for their cooperation and support.

I am grateful to all our batchmates for their presence and help to make this
seminar session possible.

(Abinash Sahoo)
 Table of Contents

Certificate of Approval i
Certificate ii
Declaration iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of Contents v
List of Figures vi
List of Tables vii
List of Abbreviations viii
Abstract ix
1. Introduction 2
2. Classification of Fiber Reinforced Concrete 3
3. Advantages 13
4. Disadvantages 13
5. Mix Design of Fiber 14
6. Mix Proportion of Fiber 15
7. Scope 16
8. Conclusion 17
References x
 List of Figures

Fig. No. Title of Figure Page No.

Fig. 1 Fiber Reinforced Concrete 2

Fig. 2 Types of Fiber Reinforced 3

Fig. 3 Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete 4

Fig. 4 Hooked END Steel Fiber 5

Fig. 5 Button End Steel Fiber 5

Fig. 6 INDENTED STEEL FIBER 6

Fig.7 Crimped Steel Fiber 6

Fig.8 Twisted Polygonal Steel Fiber 7

Fig.9 Types of Fiber Reinforced 7

Fig.10 Glass fiber reinforced 8

Fig.11 Synthetic fiber 9

Fig.12 Naturals fibers 10

Fig.13 High-performance FRC 11

Fig.14 Ultra-High-performance FRC 12

 List of Tables

Table No. Title of Table Page No.

Table 1 Mixing Process of JUTE Fiber 13

Table 2 Compressive Strength Diagram 14

 List of Abbreviations

FRC Fiber reinforced concrete S

N SFRC Steel Fiber reinforced concrete F
R C
GFRC Glass Fiber reinforced concrete
Synthetic Fiber reinforced concrete
NFRC Natural Fiber reinforced concrete
ABSTRACT:-

The usefulness of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) in various civil engineering applications
is indisputable. Fiber reinforced concrete has so far been successfully used in slabs on grade,
architectural panels, precast products, offshore structures, structures in seismic regions, thin
and thick repairs, crash barriers, footings, hydraulic structures and many other applications.
Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) is gaining attention as an effective way to improve the
performance of concrete. Fibers are currently being specified in tunneling, bridge decks,
pavements, loading docks, thin unbonded overlays, concrete pads, and concretes slabs. These
applications of fiber reinforced concrete are becoming increasingly popular and are
exhibiting excellent performance. Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete containing
fibrous material which increases its structural integrity. It contains short discrete fibers that
are uniformly distributed and randomly oriented. Fibers include steel fibers, glass fibers,
synthetic fibers and natural fibers This study presents understanding strength of fibre
reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties and durability of fiber reinforced concrete.

[1]
INTRODUCTION:
Based on ordinary concrete, fiber reinforced concrete is made by evenly scattering the short
and fine dispersed fibers into ordinary concrete. The purpose for the addition of short fibers is
to improve the tensile strength and impact-resistance and reduce the brittleness of concrete.
There are two kinds of common short-cut fibers: one is the fiber with high elastic modulus,
such as steel fiber, glass fiber, and carbon fiber; the other one is the fiber with low elastic
modulus, such as nylon fiber, polyethylene fiber and polypropylene fiber. The low modulus
fiber can improve toughness but rarely affects the tensile strength; the high modulus fiber can
significantly increase the tensile strength.
In fiber reinforced concrete, fibers’ mixing amount, aspect ratio, distribution and alkali
resistance greatly influence its properties. Take steel fiber for example, theoretically, both
the bending strength and the tensile strength will rise with the increase of fiber-content ratio.
The better aspect ratio of steel fiber is 60 ~ 100. It is usually in straight shape, wave shape,
and with hooks on the two ends. In application, it would be better to choose the shape easy to
bond the basal body. The steel fiber used in concrete can generally increase the tensile
strength by about 2 times, the bending strength by 1.5 ~ 2.5 times, the impact strength by
more than 5 times or even 20 times, the ductility by 4 times, and durability by 100 times
above. Recently, fiber reinforced concrete has already been used for roads, bridges, aircraft
runways, pipes, roofs, wall panels, and other elevations. Concrete is essentially a mixture of
cement, aggregate and water. Concrete is very strong in compression; however, it has a very
low tensile strength.

Fig. 1 Fiber Reinforced Concrete

[2]
CLASSIFICATION OF FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE:

 Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete(SFRC)

 Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete(GFRC)
 Synthetic Fibre Reinforced Concrete(SNFRC)
 Natural Fibre Reinforced Concrete(NFRC)

Recently some new FRC have been introduced, FRC named:

 High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (HPFRC)

 Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC)

Fig.2 Types of Fiber Reinforced

[3]
STEEL FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE:

Fig. 3 Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete

 When steel fibers has to be mixed with the concrete to improve their structural
integrity is called steel fiber reinforced concrete.
 Steel fibers are typically 0.5–1.0 mm in diameter and 25–60 mm in length, but
can be customized to meet specific requirements. They are made by deforming
cold-drawn steel wire.
 Steel fiber is a fiber with the highest elastic modulus and stiffness among
commonly used fibers. Therefore, the use of steel fiber can mitigate the
brittleness of concrete and greatly improve its compressive, flexural and
tensile strength.
 There are mainly three types of steel fibers are available.
 Hooked End Steel Fiber
 Button End Steel Fiber
 Indented Steel Fiber
 Crimped Steel Fiber
 Twisted Polygonal Steel Fiber.

[4]
HOOKED END STEEL FIBER:

Fig. 4 Hooked END Steel Fiber

 Hooked end steel fibers are a type of deformed steel fiber with a straight shaft and two
hooked ends that are used to reinforce concrete.
 Hooked end steel fibers are available in different dimensions and tensile
strengths. They are made from high-quality cold drawn steel line to ensure high
tensile strength and animal tolerance.

BUTTON END STEEL FIBER:

Fig.5 Button End Steel Fiber

[5]
  A button end steel fiber is a type of steel fiber that has a mechanical anchorage at the
end to improve the overall pull-out behavior of cementitious materials.

INDENTED STEEL FIBER:

Fig.6 INDENTED STEEL FIBER

 An indented steel fiber is a type of steel fiber that has been enhanced for strength and
has a certain ability to dissipate energy and toughen.

CRIMPED STEEL FIBER:

Fig.7 Crimped Steel Fiber

 Crimped steel fibers are made of low carbon, cold drawn steel wire. They have a
larger cross-section, with an equivalent diameter of 0.5–1 mm and lengths varying
between 20 and 60 mm. The modulus of steel fibers is around 200 GPa, and
strengths vary between 350 and 1000 MPa.

[6]

TWISTED POLYGONAL FIBER:

 Fig.8 Twisted Polygonal Steel Fiber

 A twisted polygonal steel fiber is a type of steel fiber that is made by twisting two
straight steel wires together.

 Twisted steel fibers are used to create cementitious composites with high tensile
strength and strain capacity. They are also beneficial for controlling the width and
propagation of cracks.

Fig.9 Types of Steel Fiber

[7]

GLASS FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE:

 Fig.10 Glass fiber reinforced

 Glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) is a composite material made of concrete and
glass fibers that is used in construction and architecture.
 GFRC was first created in Russia in the 1940s, but it didn't become popular in the
mainstream until the 1970s. It's a versatile and sustainable material that offers design
flexibility and added durability over traditional concrete.
 GFRP has high stiffness, light weight, high strength and durability.
 Glass fibre reinforced concrete (GRC) is made up of a cementitious matrix
comprising cement, sand, water, and admixtures in which short length glass fibres are
distributed.

[8]

Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Concrete:

 Fig.11 Synthetic fiber

 Synthetic fiber made from synthetic materials, these fibers are long and thick in size
and may be used as a replacement for steel bar reinforcement or fabric reinforcement.
 These fibers are made from synthesized polymers of small molecules.
 It is often made from a combination of synthetic materials, such as plastic or rubber.
 These fibers can replace traditional reinforcement and are usually between 30 and
50 mm long. They have a diameter of 0.3 mm or greater.
 If it is floating construction, then it will go down to 65 mm for domestic and 75 mm
for commercial applications.

[9]

Natural Fibre Reinforced Concrete:

 Fig.12 Naturals fibers

 Naturals fibers are the fibers that are obtained from plants, animals or mineral
sources.
 The diameter of natural fibers can range from 0.30 mm to 1 mm.
 The type of natural fiber used can affect the mechanical properties of the
concrete. For example, jute, sisal, sugarcane, and coconut are all types of natural
cellulosic fibers that can be used to reinforce concrete.

[10]
High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete:
 Fig.13 High-performance fiber-reinforced concrete

 High-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (HPFRC) is a type of concrete that is

designed to be stronger, more durable, and more resistant to cracking than regular
concrete.
 High-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (HPFRC) are a group of
fiber-reinforced cement-based composites that possess the unique ability to flex and
self-strengthen before fracturing.

[11]

Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC):

 Fig.14 Ultra High Performance Fiber-Reinforced

 Ultra High Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) is a cementitious

composite material that has a number of unique properties, including: Strength,
Durability, Ductility, Workability, Bonding.
 Panels for UHPFRC retrofitting can range in height from 100 to 150 mm.

[12]

ADVANTAGES:
  The increased load-bearing capacity of concrete
 Reduction of concrete slab thickness
 Increased durability
 Low maintenance costs – extended service life
 Improved flexural properties
 Reduced absorption of water, chemicals, etc.
 Reduced project costs – ensures economical designs
 Increased impact and abrasion resistance
 No requirement for heavy lifts of rebar and labour requirements.
 Corrosion-free surface finish.
 Reduces permeability of concrete (because micro-cracks are controlled).
 No deformation of corner castings.

DISADVANTAGES:

 Fibers must be mixed carefully and uniformly throughout the concrete mix.
 Compared to non-reinforced concrete, fiber-reinforced concrete is more expensive.
 Adding fibers to concrete will make it heavier than plain concrete, generally.
 Fibers randomly orient in the concrete and could result in poor quality concrete, if not
uniform.
 Reinforced concrete is about 10% to 15% costlier than non-reinforced concrete.
 There is corrosion of steel fiber in some cases.

[13]
TABLE:1 (Mixing Process of JUTE Fiber) :
[14]

TABLE: 2 (Compressive Strength Diagram):

 [15]

SCOPE:

 The usefulness of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) in various civil engineering

applications is indisputable.

 Fibers are currently being specified in tunneling, bridge decks, pavements,

loading docks, concrete pads, and concretes slabs.

 These applications of fiber reinforced concrete are becoming increasingly

popular and are exhibiting excellent performance.
  This study presents strength, mechanical properties and durability of fiber
reinforced concrete.

 Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete containing fibrous material which

increases its structural integrity.

 It contains short discrete fibers that are uniformly distributed and randomly
oriented.

 Fibers include steel fibers, glass fibers, synthetic fibers and natural fibers.

 Fiber reinforced concrete has so far been successfully used in slabs on grade,
architectural panels, precast products, offshore structures, structures in seismic
regions, thin and thick repairs, crash barriers, footings, hydraulic structures
and many other applications.

 Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) is gaining attention as an effective way to

improve the performance of concrete.

[16]

CONCLUSION:

 Fiber reinforced concrete is one of the oldest methods for reinforcing concrete.

 Today, metal fibers are not a common reinforcement in a classical manner. Steel fiber
plays a vital role in producing extra strength in concrete.

 Fibers make concrete significantly more resistant to cracking and increases its
durability. Thus providing a longer lifespan to the concrete.
 Therefore the use of Fiber Reinforced Concrete in place of Non Fiber Reinforced
Concrete provides a better structural integrity to concrete.

 Addition of fibre to conventionally reinforced beams increases the fatigue life and
decreases the crack width under fatigue loading.

 Fibre addition improves ductility of concrete and its post-cracking load-

carrying capacity.

[17]
REFERENCE:

1. M.G. Akhil, ... Thomas Gries, in Fiber Reinforced Composites, 2021.

2. M.A. Bajaber, I.Y. Hakeem, in Journal of Materials Research and
Technology, 2021.
3. Kazi F. Amin, Hossain M.M.A. Rashed, in Reference Module in Materials Science
and Materials Engineering, 2019.
4. Carlos J. Slebi-Acevedo, ... Daniel Castro-Fresno, in Construction and Building
Materials, 2019.
5. Ana Balea, ... Carlos Negro, in Fiber Reinforced Composites, 2021.
6. T.H. Panzera, ... P.H. Ribeiro Borges, in Advanced Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP)
Composites for Structural Applications, 2013.
7. Abid Shab, Y. Ribakore, Recere venner, evier, Materials and Design 32 (2011). pp
4123-4151.
8. ALI Cimmittoc 544 1990 ther Comence AC1 Manual of Camerete Practice, Part 5.
Amencan Cienne Institute, DMI 22 pp.
9. ALI Cimmittoc 544 1990 ther Comence AC1 Manual of Camerete Practice, Part 5.
Amencan Cienne Institute, DMI 22 pp.
10. CD.Jul fiber reinforced mortar and concrprof mudasical properties. In fiber
remforced comeres ACT-SP44-1974.

[18]