CERTIFICATE
This is certify that ANWESHA PANDA of class XII has
Successfully completed the below mentioned project
under the supervision of Mrs. SANGHAMITRA
SATHPATHY during the year 2024-25 in partial fulfillment
of Physics practical examination conducted by AISSCE,
New Delhi.
Name: ANWESHA PANDA
Class: XII
Roll no.
Sign. of Internal Sign. of External Sign. of Principal
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere thanks to my exceptional
learned mentor, Mrs. Sanghamitra Sathpathy who inspired
me to carry out the project. Her guidance enabled me to think
logically and produce good results. I am also thankful to my
affectionate laboratory technician for her co-operation and
help, without which I would not have completed my
experiment successfully.
Name: ANWESHA PANDA
Class: XII
Roll No.
INDEX
AIM
INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS REQUIRED
PROCEDURE
OBSERVATIONS
CALCULATIONS
CONCLUSION
PRECAUTIONS AND SOURCES OF
ERROR
BIBLIOGRAPHY
AIM
TO INVESTIGATE T H E DEPENDANCE
O F THE ANGLE OF INCIDENCE,
USING HOLLOW PRISM FILLED WITH
DIFFERENT TRANSPARENT FLUIDS.
INTRODUCTION
Refraction: The phenomenon of bending of light
from its path on the surface of separation of two
optical media is known as Refraction of light.
Law of Refraction (Snell's Law): The ration of
the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of
refraction is constant for a given pair of media and
for a given colour of light. μ represents refractive
index symbolically.
Refractive Index: The refractive index f of an
optical medium is defined as the ratio of the speed of
light in vacuum, c = 299792458 m/s, and the phase
velocity v of light in the medium.
μ = c/v
Angle of incidence: The angle between incident ray
and the normal is known as the angle of incidence.
Angle of deviation: The angle between the incident
ray and the emergent ray is call angle of deviation.
Minimum deviation: When a prism is so placed with
respect to the incident ray that the angle of
deviation produced by it is minimum, then the prism
is said to be in the position of minimum deviation.
Dispersion: The phenomenon of separation of white
light into its component colors due to variation in
velocities of different colors while passing through
the prism is called dispersion of light.
REQUIREMENTS
DRAWING SHEET
DRAWING BOARD
PINS
PENCIL
HOLLOW GLASS PRISM
GLYCERINE
VINEGAR
WATER
PROTACTOR
RULER
OBERVATIONS
GLYERINE
SERIAL NO. ANGLE OF ANGLE OF
INCIDENCE DEVIATION
35° 25°
01
40° 24°
02
45° 23°
03
04
50° 25°
05
55° 26°
VINEGAR
SERIAL NO. ANGLE OF ANGLE OF
INCIDENCE DEVIATION
01
35° 40°
02
40° 39°
03
45° 41°
04
50° 42°
05
55° 45°
WATER
SERIAL NO. ANGLE OF ANGLE OF
INCIDENCE DEVIATON
01 35° 39°
02 40° 38°
03 45° 35°
04 50° 40°
05 55° 41°
CALCULATIONS
Glycerin:
M = S i n (60°+-35)/2
= S i n (47.5°)
S i n (60/2) = 0.7372/1.47
=0.5
Vinegar:
M = S i n (60°+25")/2
= S i n (42.5°)
S i n (60°/2) = 0.6756/1.35
=0.5000
Water:
M=Sin(60°+23°)/2
= S i n (41,5°)
S i n ( 6 0° / 2 ) = 0 . 6 6 2 6 / 0 . 5
= 1 . 33
CONCLUSION
THE ANGLE OF THE DEVIATION FIRST
DECREASES WITH INCREASE IN THE
ANGLE O F INCIDENCE ATTAINS A
MINIMUM VALUE THEN INCREASES WITH
FURTHER INCREASE IN ANGLE OF
INCIDENCE.
PRECAUTIONS AND
SOURCES OF ERROR
A SHARP PENCIL SHOULD BE USED.
PROPER ARROWS SHOULD BE DRAWN TO
INDICATE THE INCIDENT, THE REFRACTED AND
THE EMERGENT RAY.
A SMOOTH CURVE PASSING THROUGH ALL THE
POINT SHOULD BE DRAWN.
THE ANGLE OF PRISM SHOULD BE USED FOR
ALL OBSERVATIONS.
PINS SHOULD HAVE SHARP TIPS AND BE FIXED
VERTICALLY.
VISIBILITY OF PINS MAY BE LOW FOR
COLOURED LIQUIDS, THEY MAY BE
ILLUMINATED BY A SOURCE.
bIBLIOGRAPHY
WIKIPEDIA
CLASS XII LAB MANUAL
SCIENCELEARN.ORG
TOPPR.COM
QUORA.COM
