What is Design?
‘’To create according to plan’’
OR
‘’A creative solution to a problem/need’’
Why study Design & Technology?
Core Objectives
• To develop creative thinking and skills
• To understand the importance of design and technology in
solving modern day problems
• To effectively communicate one’s ideas visually
Types of design
Architectural design
Types of design
Interior design
Types of design
Website design
Types of design
Textile design
Types of design
Fashion design
Types of design
Product design
Product Design
Product design is a sub set of industrial design.
It refers to designing products based on unique ideas and
concepts as per users’ distinctive needs or wants.
Designed product Mass manufactured product
Good Design..
1. Is innovative
2. Makes a product useful
3. Is aesthetic
4. Makes a product understandable
5. Is long-lasting
6. Is honest
7. Is unobtrusive
8. Is thorough down to the last detail
9. Is environmentally friendly
10. Involves as little design as possible
Understanding the Process
Introduction to the Design Cycle
The Design Cycle
The Design Cycle: Explained
Step 01: Investigate
The Design Problem
Learning Goals
1. Identifying a need/problem
2. Developing a design brief
3. Research
1.Identifying a Need/Problem
Understanding the Advantages of
Product Design
Doesn’t rip paper
Safer to use.
Has brighter colors and looks nicer on display
Cuts equal and thin slices of onion
Safer to use as it doesn’t require a person to use their fingers to hold the onion
The charging ports can twist to adjust more cables
It can disassemble for easier storage
Has brighter colors and a sleek design looks nicer when being used in an
office/home
Offers two functions (fork and chopsticks) in one product therefore saves
manufacture time and raw material
Takes less space to store as compared to two different products
The user doesn’t need to bother switching between a fork and chopsticks time
and again
Offers multiple options while taking less space than separate chairs and tables for
different needs
Uses less raw material to provide a more efficient function than a regular chair
and table
Adjusts a ping pong table in limited space
Offers two functions in one compact way
Occupies no extra space when table is not in use and therefore does not require
any storage space.
People with weak eyesight can still use this product
Saves the time of the user
Helps water the leaves as well as the soil using the same product
Offers a better grip and a god mechanism for spraying
Misting and watering can be done simultaneously saving time
Helps in cutting equal slices of pizza with less hassle
Has a better grip than a spatula
Offers two functions of cutting and serving in the same product saving time
Solves the problem of stubborn hair stuck at the bottom of a brush
Can easily be washed because of its material and offers better hygiene
Doesn’t require a separate spoon to spread the jam
Better application of product because of squishing mechanism
Portable and can be stored to be used later without requiring any utensils
2. Developing a Design Brief
Understanding what is required
Design Brief
A design brief is a generalized statement or an overall
explanation of what the client requires from the designer
regarding the final product
It includes details about what the problem is, where it lies and
what type of product must be developed in response to it.
Aspects to consider in a Brief:
Specifications
• Function/ Need/ Problem statement
• Aesthetics: color, texture, style, shape, feel
• Target Audience: gender, age, income
• Material
• Health and Safety
• Cost
• Sustainability/ recyclability
• Constraints (If any)
3. Research
How to solve the problem?
Why conduct Research?
Research involves gathering all the information required to begin
step 02 of the design cycle: the design phase
Research methodology
1. Formulate research questions (based on Aims and objectives)
2. Gather Information/ answers
3. Representation of research
4. Analysis/ conclusions
Research Questions
Brainstorming on the design brief
Design Brief:
Background/problem:
With the invention of ATM cards and efficient net banking, the concept of carrying cash has
become outdated especially for young people. However liquid cash still holds its importance
especially at places with less accessibility or when one needs to shop for very small everyday
items.
This gives rise to an everyday hassle of finding an adequate and designated space for storing
change that would also keep up with modern house interiors and compact living spaces.
Task:
Design a product that can be use to store change, has a minimalistic feel and can serve a
secondary function as well.
The product should promote sustainability, be portable and appeal to young people.
Sample Questions:
• What options are currently available in the market for the
mentioned purpose?
• What are some sustainable materials that can be used to
build this product?
• How do young people normally store change and what
features would they like o have in such a product?
• What effects do colors have on a person’s decision to choose
a product?
• Which colors appeal to the target group?
Gathering answers:
Types of Data/Research
• Primary Research
• Secondary Research
Research Plan
• What to do?
• How you are going to do it?
• Resources
Examples of primary research
• Looking at existing products and their assembly
• Interviewing the target group (Surveys, questionnaires etc)
• Observing similar products being used by the target group
• Looking at what materials are available
• Collecting anthropometric data
• Measuring dimensions of objects that are related to your
product
• Finding out about the finishes/ aesthetics
Examples of Secondary Research
• Designers’ work
• Magazines, E-books, articles etc
• Videos of interviews
• Internet
• Looking at available anthropometric data
Anthropometry
Anthropometry simply refers to the study of human dimensions.
It is a branch of Ergonomics.
Ergonomics is the study of how end users interact with their
physical environment i.e; the way they use, hold or wear various
products.
Ergonomics
• Psychological study
• Physiological Study
• Sociological Study
• Interaction Design
How do designers decide which
dimensions to design for?
Analysis/ Conclusions
How to communicate our answers
Representing Research
• Bar charts, Double Bar chart
• Pie Charts
• Line Graphs
Type: Line Graph
The graph shows the number and age of small town teens
who possess cellphones
Type: Bar Chart
The graph shows different types of school supplies and their
quantities used by students. Each category is represented in a
different color.
Type: Double Bar Chart
The graph shows the comparison between the scores of the
students on a test and a pretest.
Type: Pie Chart or Circle Graph
The chart shows the percentage of various types of
transportations used to go to school.
How to draw a Pi Chart?
https://thirdspacelearning.com/gcse-maths/statistics/pie-chart/
Teacher’s Tips
• Carefully go through the uploaded videos for a audiovisual
recap of our lessons
• Learn everything in a flow: like a series of steps
• Do not forget our class discussions
• Try to use the slides to test yourself.
• No need to memorize. Just understand everything
conceptually and you are good to go!
Good Luck!
