FORM 4 BIOLOGY 231/1
MARKING SCHEME.
1.[a]Ovule
[b]Ovary
2. Aerenchyma tissue with large air spaces to store air.
Large stomata found on the upper surface of the leaf
3.[a]-Prokaryotic
-Cell not made of cellulose
-Few organelles
[b] Diplopoda
4.[a] –Homodont –teeth of the same size and shape
– Heterodont –teeth of different size and shape
[b]Special pre-molars with smooth sides and sharp edges to slice through flesh and crush bones
5 [a] -B
-AB’
[b] O –Universal donor since they have no antigens
A – Same blood group hence agglutination
6.[a]-[i] Food web
-[ii] Three
[b] Sun
7. Guard cells
8.[a] Deamination
[b] Enzyme orginaze
[c] Removal of the excess amino acids which cannot be stored in the body
9.[a] Glycogen
[b]Egestion
10.[a]-[i]Science of classification
-[ii]Uses evolutionary relationship between specimen and their ancestor
11.[a]-[i]They have lobed nuclei
-[ii] Lysosomes
12.[a]Ligin
[b]Phloem
13. [i] –Packing and transport in venicles of material such as enzyme
– Secretion of synthesized proteins, carbohydrates
– Process of cisternae
– Involved in lysosome formation
[ii] A. Golgi bodies
B. Golgi vesicles
14 – Guard cells have chloroplast hence photosynthesis
–Have thicker inner walls and thin outer walls for differential expansion to facilitate opening
and closing of the stomata.
–Are bean shaped
15.[a]ATP-Adenosine triphosphate
CO2-Carbon [IV] oxide
H2O-Water
[b] Catalyst [enzyme]
16.Food stored in the endosperm was oxidized to form energy for the process and also form new ma-
terial for growth in the embryo.
17.
STAGE OF LIFE CYCLE LETTER
Male gametophyte D
Tube nucleus G
Female gamete B
Male gamete F
18.[a] [i]Anaphase
[ii]-Homologous chromosome separate at the equator
[ii]-Chromosomes start migrating to opposite poles
[b] Spindle fibres
19.-Plants are able to synthesize their own food.
-Plants are able to use pollination rather than moving to seek mating partners.
-Plants use seed and fruits dispersed to colonize new habitats.
20.-Diffusion
-Osmosis
-Active transport
21.[a]Insulin
[b]Diabetes mellitus
22.[a] RQ = volume of carbon[iv] oxide produced
Volume of oxygen consumed
5/6 =0.83
[b] Proteins
23.[a]Pitfall trap
[b] For catching crawing animals
24.-Temperature
-Light
25.[i] CGGATCTAGTG
[ii]CGGAUCUAGUG
26.-Several missing links
-Most organisms especially soft-bodied ones do not form fossils
-Exposed fossils are usually destroyed by physical and chemical weathering
-Most animals are preyed upon.
27.Plants make their own food from carbon[iv] oxide and water while animals depend on already
manufactured food from plants directly or indirectly
28. [i]Holds the eyepiece and the revolving nosepiece
[ii]An aperture that regulates the amount of light passing through the condenser to illuminate the spec-
imen.
29.-Thin walled
-Highly vascularized
-Has a large surface area
30.-Mutation
-Crossing over during prophase of meiosis
-Sexual reproduction [fertilization]
-Independent assortment of chromosomes during metaphase of meiosis 1
