Sri Chailanva
~~ Techno School
ICINDS OF POLLINATION
NAME :- N.BHUVAN KUMAR
CLASS :- 12TH CBSE ~
COURSE :- P.C.B.PE □
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SUBJECT :- BIOLOGY .: ~ ·{~
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ACKNOWLEDCMENTS
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W y paieat& aad my Jiiend&, 1ai
tlieti eneauia11ement and matittattan.
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t lit& a p pait unity
'T lie taaaiataiy ,taf /, 1ai
tlieti a&&i&taaee
taitli e'lut pmeat and piaeeduie&.
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01 . CERT/FICA TE
□2 . ACKN □ WLE □ GMENTS
□3 ■ INTR□□UCTl□N
□4 ■ AIM □F THE PROJECT
as . TYPES □F POLLINA Tl □ N
06 . KINDS □F POLLINA Tl □ N
□1 ■ AGENTS □F POLLINA Tl □ N
08 . THREATS □T POLLINA Tl □ N
□9 ■ CONCLUSION
1□ ■ BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION:-
~ ) ..--------..._ 0
POLLINA TION 15 THE PROCESS BY
WHICH POLLEN GRAINS FROM AN ......._':i,/ Pollination \
ANTHER, THE MALE PORTION OF A ... J
,✓
FLOWER, ARE TRANSFERRED TO A
FEMALE PART IN THE FLOWER,
IMPORTANCE OF POLLINATION :-
1 BRINGS FERTILIZATION BY
'9 ALLOWINGTHE FUSION OF
MALEGAMETES AND FEMALE
GAMETES. IT HELPS IN THE
PRODUCTION OF FOODS
AND SEEDS.
PRODUCTION AND ECOSYSTEM :-
ENVIRONMENT AL CONDITIONS - -Stigma
~ ~ SNdling
IH----- Pollen tubes ~ ..
CAN HA VE A MAJOR IMPACT +--+--+---t"r-Style Seed , E-yo
ON REPRODUCTION IN ANIMAL Spe,mnuele, ~
((t
,~ Seed COIi
POPULATIONS POTENTIALLY n!?!,
.,
11
Zygote
E-•m
'
LIMITING POPULATION SUCCESS. t
E-m
nucteus
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•- •-
I AIM OF THIS PROJECT I
•I TO UN□ERST AN□ THE PROCESS AN□ IMPORTANCE
•I
e OF POLLINATION IN PLANT REPRODUCTION e
• AN□ ECOSYSTEM. •
e SPECIFICALLY, THE PROJECT AIMS TO: e
I• - EXPLAIN THEPOLLINATION
DIFFERENT TYPES OF I•
I - DESCRIBE THE AGENTS OF POLLINATION I
Ie - DISCUSS THE PROCESS OF POLLINATION
- HIGHLIGHT THE IMPORTANCE OF
Ie
• POLLINATION IN ECOSYSTEM AND FOOD CHAIN •
Ie - IDENTIFY THE THREATS TO POLLINATION
AND SUGGEST CONSERVATION EFFORTS
I
e
■ ■
-• - ■
-= ·.~ = -
■
■
- ----~--~ ~ • '
,1 ■
■- -•
■--■-■-■-■-■-■-■-■-■-■-■-■-- ■
TYPE OF POLLINATION
SELF - POLLINATION :-
THE TRANSFER OF POLLEN FROM THE ANTHER TO THE
STIGMA OF THE SAME FLOWER OR ANOTHER FLOWER ON
THE SAME PLANT.
Self Pollination
Po IIen~• ···· Stigma
CROSS - POLLINATION :-
THE TRANSFER OF POLLEN FROM THE ANTHER OF
ONE FLOWER TO THE STIGMA OF ANOTHER FLOWER OR
A DIFFERENT PLANT OF THE SAME OR COMPATIBLE
SPECIES
Polen \
; 519111
KINDS OF POLLINATION
AUTOGAMY:-
Autogamy
Stig m a
THE TRANSFER OF POLLEN FROM ~ e ns
THE ANTHER TO THE STIGMA ~ Anthe1
OF THE SAME FLOWER, RESULTING
IN SELF-POLLINATION.
GEITONOGAMY :-
I
Geitonogamy Pollination
THE TRANSFER OF POLLEN
rJ
orDi[Hft:'rti Eb~i:-:1t (1th ! ! ~
J:\•...1
. . .. ---- . -~
'~
•
FROM THE ANTHER OF ONE
{w)
,. .. FLOWER TOTHE STIGMA OF
.......
...........
ANOTHER FLOWER ON THE
SAME PLANT.
XENOGAMY:-
THE TRANSFER OF POLLEN FROM THE ANTHER OF ONE
FLOWER TOTHE STIGMA OF ANOTHER FLOWER ON A
DIFFERENT PLANT, RESULTING
IN CROSS-POLLINATION.
shulterstock.com • 2440202119
AGENTS OF POLLINATION
WIND POLLINATION :- {ANEMOPHILY}
WIND POLLINATION :
THE TRANSFER OF POLLEN
FROM ONE PLANT TOANOTHER
THROUGH THE AIR, CARRIED BY
WIND CURRENTS.
i INSECT POLLINATION :- {ENTOMOPHILY} ~
INSECT POLLINATION: THE TRANSFER OF POLLEN FROM
ONE PLANT TO ANOTHER BY INSECTS SUCH AS BEES,
BUTTERFLIES, AND MOTHS, AS THEY FEED ON NECTAR.
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..,. ~\'.:,, j·,,
- ··
1
1nsoct
~ PoUinators •
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BIRD POLLINATION:- (ORNITHOPHILY)
BIRD POLLINATION: THE TRANSFER OF POLLEN FROM
ONE PLANT TO ANOTHER BY BIRDS, SUCH AS
HUMMINGBIRDS, SUNBIRDS, AND HONEYEATERS, AS THEY
FEED ON NECTAR.
, r
'9BAT POLLINATION:- (CHIROPTEROPHILY) J
BAT POLLINATION: THE TRANSFER OF POLLEN FROM ONE
PLANT TO ANOTHER BY BA TS, PRIMARILY NOCTURNAL
SPECIES, AS THEY FEED ON NECTAR.
£_,._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
WA TEA POLLINATION :- {HY □ ROPHIL Y}
WA TEA POLLINATION: THE TRANSFER OF POLLEN
FROM ONE PLANT TO ANOTHER THROUGH WA TEA,
SUCH AS IN AOUATIC PLANTS,
WHERE POLLEN IS CARRIED BY WATER CURRENT
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J
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-I THREATS TO POLLINATION I-
• ■
-•e -e
THREATS TO POLLINATION INCLUDE:
■
• ■
I - HABITAT DESTRUCTION :
: - CLIMATE CHANGE :
e - PESTICIDE USE e
■ - INVASIVE SPECIES ■
: - POLLUTION :
: CONSERVATION EFFORTS: :
-
■ - PROTECT NATURAL HABIT ATS -
■
: - PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE :
e - REDUCE PESTICIDE USE e
I - SUPPORT POLLINA TOR-FRIEN□L y I
■ PLANTS ■
: - E□UCA TE AN□ RAISE AWARENESS :
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■ - ■
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■ - ■
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■ ■
CONCLUSION
POLLINATION IS CRUCIAL FOR PLANT
REPRODUCTION, FACILITATE □ BY AGENTS
LIKE WIN□, INSECTS, BIRDS, AN□
BA TS. AS WE MOVE FORW AR□,
IT'S ESSENTIAL T□ CONSERVE AND
PROTECT POLLINA TORS DUE
T □ DECLINING P □ PULA Tl □ NS.
FUTURE PROSPECTS INCLUDE
DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE POLLINA Tl □ N
STRATEGIES, EXP LORING NEW
POLLINA TOR SPECIES, AND PROMOTING
EC □ -FRIENDL Y PRACTICES T □
ENSURE THE LONG-TERM HEALTH
□ F □ UR ECOSYSTEM.
BIBLIOCRAPHY
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§~ 12TH BIOLOGY NCERT
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