Duhok polytechnic university

technical institute of Duhok

Information technology department
First class

Information Technology
lecture 1

Nashat Salih

Duhok
Polytechnic
University
 Information Technology
It is refers to the use of computers, software, hardware,
networks, and other technologies to store, retrieve,
transmit, and manipulate data and information.

Duhok
Polytechnic
University
 Some Basic Concepts Of IT
1. Data & Information
2. Hardware & Software
3. Operating System (OS)
4. Network
5. Internet ,World Wide Web (WWW) & IoT
6. Cloud Computing
7. Cybersecurity
8. Database
9. AI
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Polytechnic
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 Computer
A computer is an electronic device that processes and
stores data

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Polytechnic
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 Computers perform three main operations
❑ Receive Input (Data)
❑ Processing.
❑ Produce Output (Information data).

Input Output
Processing
Data Information

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Polytechnic
University
 A computer system is a combination of hardware and
software components that work together to perform
various computing tasks
Software

Hardware
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Polytechnic
University
Hardware: Physical parts of the computer, including

1. Motherboard
2. Processor
3. Memory
4. Storage Device
5. Input Devices
6. Output Devices
7. System Unit
 1. Motherboard
The motherboard is the main circuit board that houses the
• CPU
• Memory
• storage devices
• essential components.

It provides the electrical connections for all these parts to

communicate.
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Polytechnic
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 2- Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The CPU is the "brain" of the computer.

It performs
• instructions
• Calculations
• executing programs
• managing data processing.

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Polytechnic
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 3. Memory (RAM - Random Access Memory):
RAM is temporary storage that the computer uses to hold data
and program instructions that are currently in use.

It allows for quick access to data by the CPU.

RAM is it loses its data when the computer is turned off.

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Polytechnic
University
 4. Storage Devices
There are two primary types of storage devices:
❑ Hard Disk Drive (HDD):
❑ Solid-State Drive (SSD):

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Polytechnic
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 5. Input Devices:
allow users to input data and commands into the computer

❑ Keyboard
❑ Mouse
❑ touchpad)

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Polytechnic
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 6. Output Devices:
display information or produce results generated by the computer

❑Monitor
❑Speakers
❑printer

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 Input & output

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 7. System Unit
Contains the major components of the computer. It
helps protect them.

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 Power Supply Unit (PSU)
The PSU provides electrical power to the computer

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Polytechnic
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CD Rom Drive
The drive that plays CDs and reads data that has been stored on the
CD.
Video Card
Connects the computer to the monitor to send information to the
monitor for display on screen.
Sound Card
Connects the speakers and microphone to the computer.
Modem
The place where the computer is connected to the phone line.
Network Card
A circuit board that connects the computer to the rest of the network
usually using special cables.
2- Software
Programs that tell the computer what to do.
It provides instructions that the CPU will need to carry out.
Types of software in computer

1. Operating system
2. Application programs
3. Programing languages
1- Operating system is manages hardware resources and
provides a user-friendly interface for running applications

Types of O/S for computer

➢DOS Types of O/S for mobile
➢Windows ➢Android
➢Linux ➢IOS
➢Unix
➢OS/2
➢MacOS
 Operating System-DOS
Microsoft DOS (Disk Operating System) is a command line user
interface. MS-DOS 1.0 was released in 1981 for IBM computers.
Operating System-Windows
A family of operating systems developed by Microsoft Corp.
It provides a software graphical user interface (GUI) used on
IBM.
2- Application programs
It is the software used by users like:

✓ Word Processing (MS-Word)

✓ Presentation Application (PowerPoint).
✓ Spreadsheets (MS-Excel)
✓ Database (MS-Access)
✓ Email Programs
3-Programming Languages
Programming Languages:
A set of words, rules, syntax and semantic used by
a programmer to do a special task.
 Types Of Computers
1- Personal Computers (PCs):
Desktop Computers: It has separate monitor,
keyboard, and CPU.
They are often used in homes and offices.

Laptop Computers: Portable computers with an integrated screen and

keyboard.

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Polytechnic
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 Types Of Computers
2- Workstations:
High-performance computers designed for specialized tasks such as
➢ 3D modeling
➢ graphic design
➢ scientific simulations
➢ engineering.

They typically have

➢ powerful CPUs,
➢ large amounts of RAM,
➢ and advanced graphics capabilities.
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Polytechnic
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 Types Of Computers
3- Servers :Computers designed to provide services and resources to
other computers or users over a network.

Servers can handle tasks like

➢ hosting websites
➢ managing databases
➢ providing file storage.

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 Types Of Computers
4- Mainframe Computers: Large and powerful computers used by
➢ large organizations
➢ enterprises for critical applications like
▪ financial transactions
▪ database management
▪ massive data processing.

Mainframes are known for ability to handle

simultaneous multiple tasks.

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Polytechnic
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 Types Of Computers
5- Supercomputers: powerful and high-performance computers used
➢ complex scientific calculations
➢ weather modeling
➢ Simulations
➢ huge computational capabilities.

Supercomputers are among the fastest computers in the world.

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Polytechnic
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 Types Of Computers
6- Mini-Computers: Mid-sized computers
(processing power than personal computers but less than mainframes)

They are used for

➢ Scientific
➢ engineering applications
➢ database management.

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Polytechnic
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 Types Of Computers
7- Embedded Computers: Specialized computers integrated into
everyday objects and devices, such as
➢ Appliances
➢ Cars
➢ Smartphones
➢ industrial machines.

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Polytechnic
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 Types Of Computers
8- Tablet Computers: Examples include the
❑ Apple iPad
❑ Android tablets.

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Types Of Computers
9- Smartphones

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 Types Of Computers
10- Wearable Computers: Small computing devices worn as
accessories or integrated into clothing, such as
▪ Smartwatches
▪ fitness trackers
▪ augmented reality glasses.

Duhok
Polytechnic
University
Duhok
Polytechnic
University