Internet of Things (IoT)

based System Management

IoT Protocols

Presented by:
Dr. Abdo H Guroob
[email protected]
Agenda 01
Introduction
Focus on IoT Network Connectivity
Importance of wireless communication for IoT devices

Communication Models
02 Request-Response, Publish-Subscribe, etc.

IoT Network Protocols

03 Overview of common IoT protocols
Importance of choosing the right protocols
 Introduction to IoT Connectivity
What is IoT Connectivity?

• Enables data exchange among IoT devices, gateways, and central

systems.
• Essential for applications in smart cities, industrial automation,
healthcare, etc.
• Highlights: scalability, reliability, and interoperability of networks.
 communication models
1) Request-Response

Request-Response is a communication model in which the client sends

requests to the server and the server responds to the requests.

When the server receives a request, it decides how to respond, fetches

the data, retrieves resource representations, prepares the response, and
then sends the response to the client.
communication models
1) Request-Response
 communication models
2) Publish-Subscribe
• Publish-Subscribe is a communication model that involves publishers, brokers and
consumers.
• Publishers are the source of data. Publishers send the data to the topics which are
managed by the broker.
• Publishers are not aware of the consumers. Consumers subscribe to the topics
which are managed by the broker.
• When the broker receives data for a topic from the publisher, it sends the data to all
the subscribed consumers.
communication models
2) Publish-Subscribe
 communication models
3) Push-Pull
• Push-Pull is a communication model in which the data producers push the data to
queues and the consumers pull the data from the queues. Producers do not need to
be aware of the consumers.
• Queues help in decoupling the messaging between the producers and consumers.
• Queues also act as a buffer which helps in situations when there is a mismatch
between the rate at which the producers push data and the rate rate at which the
consumers pull data.
communication models
3) Push-Pull
 communication models
4) Exclusive Pair
• Exclusive Pair is a bidirectional, fully duplex communication model that uses a
persistent connection between the client and server.
• Once the connection is setup it remains open until the client sends a request to
close the connection.
• Client and server can send messages to each other after connection setup.
communication models
4) Exclusive Pair
 IoT Protocols
IoT protocols facilitate communication between devices, sensors, gateways, and cloud
systems in the IoT ecosystem.
These protocols are designed to ensure interoperability, scalability, and efficient
communication while addressing IoT-specific challenges like power constraints,
bandwidth limitations, and security
• Link Layer IoT Protocols
• 802.3 – Ethernet
• 802.11 – WiFi
• 802.16 – WiMax
• 802.15.4 – LR-WPAN
• 2G/3G/4G
• Network/Internet Layer
• IPv4
• IPv6
• 6LoWPAN
• Transport Layer
• TCP
• UDP
• Application Layer
• HTTP
• CoAP
• WebSocket
• MQTT
• XMPP
• DDS
• AMQP
 Application Layer Protocols
MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport):
MQTT is a lightweight publish/subscribe messaging protocol designed for constrained devices
and low-bandwidth, high-latency or unreliable networks. It is widely used in IoT deployments
due to its simplicity and efficiency.
 Application Layer Protocols
CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol): CoAP is a specialized protocol designed for resource-
constrained devices and constrained networks, such as those found in IoT environments. It is
based on the REST architectural style and uses a client/server model for communication.
 Application Layer Protocols
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Although primarily used for web browser communication,
HTTP is also employed in IoT applications. It allows devices to interact with web-based services
and APIs, making it suitable for integrating IoT devices with existing web infrastructure.
 Application Layer Protocols
AMQP (Advanced Message Queuing Protocol): AMQP is a messaging protocol that supports the
reliable exchange of messages between systems. It provides a flexible and extensible framework
for building IoT solutions, with features like message queuing, routing, and security.
 Application Layer Protocols
DDS (Data Distribution Service): DDS is a protocol designed for real-time, scalable, and high-
performance data distribution. It is frequently used in IoT systems that require efficient and
reliable communication between devices and applications.
 Application Layer Protocols
Zigbee: Zigbee is a wireless protocol widely used in home automation and industrial
applications. It defines the application layer along with network and physical layers, enabling
interoperability among different devices.
 Link Layer Protocols
Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11): Wi-Fi is a widely adopted wireless communication protocol that enables IoT
devices to connect to local area networks (LANs) and the internet. It offers high data rates, good
range, and supports various security mechanisms.
 Link Layer Protocols
Z-Wave: Z-Wave is a wireless protocol specifically designed for home automation. It operates in
the sub-GHz frequency range and offers low power consumption, long range, and support for
mesh networking, making it suitable for building large-scale IoT networks.
 Link Layer Protocols
NB-IoT (Narrowband IoT): NB-IoT is a cellular communication standard optimized for low-
power, wide-area IoT applications. It operates in licensed spectrum and provides good
coverage, deep penetration, and long battery life for IoT devices.
 Link Layer Protocols
WiMAX: the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is a telecommunications
technology aimed at providing wireless data over long distances in a variety of ways, from point-
to-point links to full mobile cellular type access