1 A student makes a toy parachute by attaching a paper circle to an object using four cotton threads.
Fig. 4.1 shows the design.
paper circle
cotton thread
object
Fig. 4.1
The student investigates the relationship between the size of the paper circle and the time it takes
for the parachute to fall to the ground.
Procedure
The student:
• attaches a paper circle of radius r = 4.0 cm to the object
• releases the parachute from a height h above the ground
• measures the time it takes the object to fall to the ground
• records this value in Table 4.1 as test 1
• repeats the test two times (test 2 and test 3).
The student repeats the procedure with paper circles of radius r = 8.5 cm, 10.0 cm, 12.5 cm and
18.0 cm.
Dr. Omar Gamal 1
(a) Table 4.1 shows the results of the investigation.
The table is not complete.
Table 4.1
r r2 time to fall to the ground / s
/ cm / cm2 test 1 test 2 test 3 average
4.0 16 4.4 4.1 4.2 4.2
8.5 72 7.1 7.0 6.9 7.0
10.0 100 9.6 9.9 9.7 9.7
12.5 156 19.1 13.5 13.3 13.4
18.0 324 21.2 20.8 21.2
(i) Calculate the average time for the parachute with r = 18.0 cm.
Record in Table 4.1 this value to the nearest 0.1 s. [2]
Dr. Omar Gamal 2
(b) One of the tests for the parachute with r = 12.5 cm has an anomalous result for
time.
[1]
(i) Circle the value of this anomalous result for time in Table 4.1.
(c) (i) On the grid, plot a graph of average time (vertical axis) against r 2 using the data in
Table 4.1.
[3]
(ii) Draw the best-fit straight line. [1]
(iii) State the relationship between average time and r 2.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
Dr. Omar Gamal 3
2 A student measures the efficiency of an electric heating element in a circuit.
The student:
• sets up the apparatus shown in Fig. 4.1
• adds 100 cm3 of water at room temperature to the beaker
• records in Table 4.1 the initial temperature of the water
A
V
water
heating element
(coil of wire) glass beaker
Fig. 4.1
• closes the switch and starts a stop-clock
• records in Table 4.1 the temperature of the water every 5 minutes for 30 minutes.
Dr. Omar Gamal 4
Fig. 4.2 shows the thermometer reading at 5 minutes.
°C
40
35
30
Fig. 4.2
Table 4.1
time temperature
/ min / °C
0 25.0
5 32.0
10 38.0
15 42.0
20
25 46.5
30 49.5
Dr. Omar Gamal 5
(a) (i) Plot a graph of temperature against time. Do not start the temperature scale at 0.
temperature / °C
time / min
[2]
(ii) Draw the best-fit curve. [1]
(iii) The student did not record the temperature at 20 minutes. Use your graph to estimate
this temperature reading.
estimate of temperature at 20 min = ..................................................... °C [1]
Dr. Omar Gamal 6
3 Mia and Blessy sit on a balanced seesaw.
1.0 m 1.5 m
Mia Blessy
Blessy has a weight of 400 N.
Calculate the weight of Mia.
weight of Mia N [2]
Dr. Omar Gamal 7
4 Mike explains that different materials have different densities.
He says,
‘Materials that are less dense than water will float.
Water has a density of 1 g / cm3.’
He finds out the densities of different materials.
material density in g / cm3
gold 19.3
plastic 1.05
pumice stone 0.251
silver 10.5
wood 0.715
(a) Predict which two materials will float.
Choose from the table.
and [1]
(b) Mike collects some water from the sea.
He tries to float the materials from the table in the seawater.
Now three of these materials float.
Use information from the table to explain why.
[2]
Dr. Omar Gamal 8
5 Blessy investigates floating and sinking.
She puts a whole lemon in a beaker of water.
lemon
water
The whole lemon floats.
Water has a density of 997 kg / m3.
Whole lemon has a density of 984 kg / m3.
Look at the table showing the density of different parts of a lemon.
density
part of lemon
in kg / m3
peel 956
segment 998
seed 925
(a) Predict which parts of the lemon float when in water.
Explain your answer.
[1]
Dr. Omar Gamal 9
(b) Blessy wants to find out if the different parts of a lemon will float or sink in salt solution.
She predicts that as the concentration of salt solution increases eventually all three parts of
the lemon will float.
Write a plan for her investigation.
[2]
Dr. Omar Gamal 10
