28ربيع الثاني1446 ،
Starter
In your opinion,
what should we focus
on when
reciting the Holy Qurʾān?
Rules of Madd (Prolongation)
Learning objectives:
1. Define the concept of Madd (Prolongation)
and identify its letters.
2. Differentiate between types of madd.
21st Rabi ul Thani 1446 A.H 24-10-24
Topic: Rules of Madd (Prolongation)
Objectives:
1. Explain the word Tajweed.
2. Define the concept of Madd (Prolongation) and identify its letters.
What does Tajweed
means?
َ
The word "Tajweed" )) ت ْج ِويدcomes from the Arabic root "j-w-d" )د-و-) جwhich means to
"make something excellent" or "improve." In the context of the Quran, Tajweed means
the rules for pronouncing and reciting words properly. .
These rules ensure that each letter and sound is recited correctly, preserving
the accuracy and beauty of the Qurʾānic text.
Definition of Madd Madd Letters
(Prolongation)
Linguistically speaking:
•Silent Alif ( )اpreceded by a fatḥah ( ) ـَـ.
Madd means extending and
increasing. •Silent Waw ( )وpreceded by a ḍammah ( ) ـُـ.
Technically, it means
•Silent Yā' ( )يpreceded by a kasrah ( ) ـِـ.
prolonging the sound when
pronouncing one of the three
letters of madd:
• Silent yaa that is preceded by
Kasra
• Silent Alif(hamza) preceded by
Fatah.
• Silent Yaa preceded by kasra
• Silent Yaa preceded by kasra
•Silent Alif precede by Fatah
• Silent Yaa preceded by kasra
•Silent yaa preceded by kasra
Can you recall and name the two main types of
Madd (prolongation)?
There are two types of madd
1. Madd Aṣlī (Ṭabīʿī) [Original Madd]
2. Madd Farʿī (Secondary Madd):
Madd Aṣlī (Ṭabīʿī) [Original (Natural) Madd]
• Definition: This is the minimum prolongation required for the letter of madd to
exist. It doesn’t need to be preceded by a hamzah or followed by a
hamzah or sukūn.
•Duration:
Prolonged for two ḥarakahs (two vowel sounds or two counts).
The time taken to open and close a finger naturally.
First Type Madd Aṣlī (Ṭabīʿī) [Original
(Natural) Madd]
Types Related
to Madd Aṣlī
Madd Badal Madd ʿIwaḍ Madd Ṭabīʿī Ḥarfī Madd Ṣilah Ṣughrā
(Madd of (Madd of (Natural Madd (Lesser Extended
Substitution) Pertaining to the Madd)
Compensation)
Abbreviated Letters)
1 Madd Badal (Madd of Substitution)
• Definition:
Occurs when a letter of madd is preceded
by hamzah in one word but not followed by
hamzah or sukūn.
• Duration:
Prolonged for two counts, like Madd Ṭabīʿī.
• Reason for the Name:
Called "Badal" because the
letter of madd often substitutes
for the second of two hamzahs.
2 Madd ʿIwaḍ (Madd of Compensation)
• Definition:
Occurs when the
accusative tanwīn (double fatḥah)
is replaced by an alif when
pausing.
• Duration:
Prolonged for two
counts.
3 Madd Ṭabīʿī Ḥarfī (Natural Madd Pertaining to the Abbreviated Letters)
Occurs in Abbreviated Letters: Found in specific Arabic letters that appear at
the beginning of some sūrahs.
Mnemonic: that are grouped in the following mnemonic ر هـ ط ي حwhich
come in the openings of some sūrahs.
Condition: the names of these abbreviated letters should be spelled with two
letters the second of which is a letter of madd, such as
)حا، يا، طا، ها، راḤā, Yā, Ṭā, Hā, Rā) .
4 Madd Ṣilah Ṣughrā (Lesser Extended Madd)
Definition: Occurs when the
hāʾ pronominal suffix
( )ـهis placed between
two vowelled letters, not
followed by a hamzah.
Rule: Prolonged for two
counts, like natural
madd.
Second
Type Madd Farʿī (Secondary Madd)
Types Related to
Madd Farʿī
Madd Wājib Muttaṣil Madd Jāʾiz Munfaṣil
(Mandatory Connected (Optional Separated
Madd) Madd)
1 Madd Wājib Muttaṣil (Mandatory Connected Madd)
•Definition: Occurs when a letter of madd
is followed by a hamzah in the same word.
•Mandatory: It is called "wājib"
(mandatory) it must be prolonged more
than the natural madd.
•Connected: Called "muttaṣil" (connected)
because the letter of madd and hamzah are
in the same word.
•Duration: In the Ḥafs reading, it is
prolonged for 4 or 5 counts, with 4 counts
being preferred.
•.
2 Madd Jāʾiz Munfaṣil (Optional Separated Madd)
Definition: Occurs when the letter of madd
is at the end of one word, and the hamzah is
at the beginning of the next word.
•Optional: Called "jāʾiz" (optional) because
Qurʾānic readers differ on its prolongation
beyond natural madd.
•Duration: In the Ḥafs reading, it is
prolonged for 2, 4, or 5 counts, with 4 counts
being preferred
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Assessment
1446 ، ربيع الثاني28
Go through the presentation
carefully at least 3 times to
review the lessson.
