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PTS 2025 - Test Code: 212403 - : General Studies Paper II

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PTS 2025 - Test Code: 212403 - : General Studies Paper II

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Rasheed Khan

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PTS 2025 | Test Code : 212403 |

DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

T.B.C. : FIAS-PTS25 Test Booklet Series
Serial No.:

A
TEST BOOKLET
GENERAL STUDIES
Paper – II

Maximum Marks: 200 Time Allowed: TWO HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS
1. IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE EXAMINATION, YOU
SHOULD CHECK THAT THIS TEST BBOOKLET DOES NOT HAVE
ANY UNPRINTED OR TORN OR MISSING PAGES OR ITEMS ETC. IF SO,
GET IT REPLACED BY A COMPLETE TEST BOOK.
2. Please note that it is the candidate’s responsibility to encode and fill in
the Roll Number and Test Booklet Series A, B, C or D carefully without
any omission or discrepancy at the appropriate places in the OMR
Answer Sheet. Any omission/discrepancy will render the Answer Sheet
liable for rejection.
3. You have to enter your Roll Number on the test
booklet in the Box provided alongside. DO NOT
write anything else on the Test Booklet.
4. This Test Booklet contains 80 items (questions). Each item is printed in
English. Each item comprises four responses (answers). You will select the
response which you want to mark on the Answer Sheet. In case you feel that
there is more than one correct response, mark the response which you
consider the best. In any case, choose ONLY ONE response for each item.
5. You have to mark all your responses ONLY on the separate Answer Sheet
provided.
See directions in the Answer Sheet.
6. All items carry equal marks.
7. Before you proceed to mark in the Answer Sheet the response to various items
in the Test Booklet, you have to fill in some particulars in the Answer Sheet as
per instructions sent to you with your Admission Certificate.
8. After you have completed filling in all your responses on the Answer Sheet and
the examination has concluded, you should hand over to the Invigilator only
the Answer Sheet. You are permitted to take away with you the Test Booklet.
9. Sheets for rough work are appended in the Test Booklet at the end.
10. Penalty for wrong answers:
THERE WILL BE PENALTY FOR WRONG ANSWERS MARKED BY A
CANDIDATE IN THE OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTION PAPERS.
(i) There are four alternatives for the answer to every question. For each
question for which a wrong answer has been given by the candidate, one-
third of the marks assigned to that question will be deducted as penalty.
(ii) If a candidate gives more than one answer, it will be treated as wrong
answer even if one of the given answers happens to be correct and there
will be same penalty as above to that question.
(iii) If a question is left bank i.e., no answer is given by the candidate, there
will be no penalty for that question.

DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

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[1]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 212403 |
Direction for the following three (3) items: personal. Science and its inquiry are collective
Read the following three passages and answer and objective; others can watch. But when you
the items that follow the passages. Your answers are moving into meditation, except for you
to these items should be based on the passages nobody else will be there to witness it.
only:
Q.2) Which one of the following statements
Passage – 1 best reflects the crux of the passage?
The last decade was an important period in a) Religion acts as a hindrance to promote
the economic history of India. The economy scientific temper in citizens.
underwent a gamut of wide-ranging structural b) People have not been able to truly
and governance reforms that strengthened the understand religion and its practices.
economy’s fundamentals by enhancing its c) Religion and science are not totally
overall efficiency. With an underlying different from each other.
emphasis on improving the ease of living and d) Science is a gateway to understand religion
doing business, the reforms were based on the deeply.
broad principles of creating public goods,
adopting trust-based governance, partnering Passage – 3
with the private sector for development, and Climate change is primarily attributed to
improving agricultural productivity. Under disproportionately high cumulative emissions,
normal circumstances, reforms of such scale both historically and in terms of per capita
and relevance would have accelerated annual emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs)
economic growth. However, largely due to the by the developed countries. The global nature
balance sheet stress caused by the credit of the problem makes India one of the most
boom in the previous years and secondarily vulnerable regions despite having contributed
due to the one-off global shocks that followed, only about 4 per cent in the cumulative global
key macroeconomic variables such as credit emissions (for the period 1850-2019) and
growth, capital formation, and hence maintaining its per capita emission at far less
economic growth were adversely impacted than the world average. While India is less
during this period. responsible for the high stock of emissions,
however, it has consistently engaged in
Q.1) Which one of the following statements demonstrating global leadership towards
best reflects the most rational and logical adopting various measures and ensuring a
message from the passage? low-emission growth pathway with a
a) Last decade was a period of high economic commitment to the net-zero emissions goal by
growth for India. 2070.
b) Structural reforms in an economy have led
to high economic growth. Q.3) Which one of the following statements
c) The adverse impact on the Indian economy best reflects the most logical and rational
was caused by a lack of reform measures. message conveyed by the author of the
d) The reform measures to materialize in passage?
terms of economic growth required other a) India has lesser responsibility to respond to
favourable conditions. for climate change crisis.
b) The impact of climate change has been
Passage – 2 proportional in all parts of the world
Religion is not superstition; it is not belief. It is c) Climate action is imperative for all
not at all a dogma in which you can believe; it countries.
is something to be experienced. Just as science d) The contribution to emission stock is
works through experimentation, religion greatly historical in nature.
works through experimentation. The
experiment of religion is, of course, far deeper
than that of science, far more individual and

[2]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 212403 |
Q.4) Mohan has 13 pencils, 12 pens and 8 Q.9) If AB and CD are both two-digit numbers
erasers in a box. If he randomly picks one by such that A, B, C, D are distinct non-zero digits
one (without replacement) from the box to get such that AB + CD is equal to 111 then what is
one pencil and one eraser to use, what is the the value of A + B + C + D?
maximum number of attempts he may need? a) 16
a) 12 b) 22
b) 26 c) 21
c) 22 d) 23
d) 13
Q.10) ABC is a three-digit number such that B
Q.5) A shopkeeper can be paid only in is twice of A and C is thrice of A. The number
denominations of Rs 10, Rs 50 and Rs 100. In ABC will always be so divisible by which of the
how many ways can he be paid a total of 440 following?
rupees? a) 37
a) 22 b) 41
b) 25 c) 47
c) 12 d) 111
d) 18
Direction for the following three (3) items:
Q.6) A student has to answer a “match the Read the following three passages and answer
following” type question which has four items the items that follow the passages. Your answers
on both sides. All items must be matched. to these items should be based on the passages
Consider the following statements: only:
1. It is impossible to incorrectly match only
one item. Passage – 1
2 There are four ways in which exactly two Technological disruption is reshaping
items are correctly matched. industries and societies, driven by innovations
Which of the statements given above is/are like artificial intelligence, automation, and
correct? digitalization. While it offers efficiency and
a) 1 only growth opportunities, it also brings challenges
b) 2 only such as job displacement and ethical concerns.
c) Both 1 and 2 Adapting to this disruption requires embracing
d) Neither 1 nor 2 innovation and fostering digital literacy.
Businesses and individuals must evolve to
Q.7) What is the remainder when thrive in this rapidly changing landscape.
48 x 65 x 69 x 78 x 85 x 91 x 95 is divided by 100
a) 1 Q.11) Which of the following statements
b) 0 reflects the crucial message conveyed by the
c) 2 author of the passage?
d) 4 a) Technological disruption has limited
implications for industries and societies.
Q.8) What is the unit digit in the expansion of b) Embracing innovation and digital literacy is
(721 x 693)123456789. essential for navigating technological
a) 3 disruption.
b) 1 c) Job displacement due to technological
c) 9 disruption is inevitable and cannot be
d) 7 mitigated.
d) Technological disruption primarily benefits
large corporations, neglecting small
businesses.

[3]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 212403 |
Passage - 2 a) The World Wars highlighted the need for
Economic spending patterns are influenced by global cooperation and peacebuilding
various factors such as income levels, efforts.
consumer preferences, government policies, b) The World Wars were primarily about
and economic conditions. Individuals allocate territorial expansion and conquest.
their expenditures across categories such as c) The World Wars had minimal impact on
necessities (food, housing, healthcare), geopolitics and international relations.
discretionary items (entertainment, travel), d) The World Wars resulted in significant
and savings/investments. Similarly, advancements in military technology and
governments allocate their budgets to sectors tactics.
like education, healthcare, infrastructure,
defense, and social welfare. Understanding Q.14) a, b, c, d are four positive integers. Two
spending patterns provides insights into of them are odd and two are even. Consider
economic health, consumer behaviour, and the following statements:
policy priorities. 1. a x b – c x d is definitely odd.
2. a x b x c – 2d is definitely even.
Q.12) Which one of the following statements Which of the statements given above is/are
implies the most rational assumption that can correct?
be made from the passage? a) 1 only
a) Government policies play a significant role b) 2 only
in shaping economic spending patterns. c) Both 1 and 2
b) Individual spending patterns are not d) Neither 1 nor 2
affected by income levels or economic
conditions. Q.15) Consider the following with respect to
c) Governments allocate their budgets based two consecutive numbers p and q where p is a
solely on political considerations. prime number and q is a composite number:
d) Economic spending patterns are influenced 1. p2 + q2 is even.
by a combination of factors including 2. p x q – p – q is odd.
income levels, consumer preferences, and Which of the statements given above is/are
government policies. correct?
a) 1 only
Passage - 3 b) 2 only
The World Wars, spanning the 20th century, c) Both 1 and 2
left an indelible mark on human history, d) Neither 1 nor 2
reshaping geopolitics, economies, and
societies worldwide. These catastrophic Q.16) A three-digit number ABC on
conflicts underscored the devastating multiplication with D gives 31DD, where A, B,
consequences of militarism, nationalism, and C, and D are different non-zero digits. What is
imperialism, leading to unprecedented loss of the value of A + B – C?
life and destruction. Moreover, the aftermath a) 7
of the wars spurred global efforts to establish b) 8
institutions such as the United Nations, aimed c) 9
at preventing future conflicts and promoting d) can't be determined due to insufficient data.
international cooperation. The lessons from
the World Wars serve as a stark reminder of Q.17) For any choice of values of A and B, the
the importance of diplomacy, collective 6-digit number of the form AAABBB is always
security, and peacebuilding in fostering a more divisible by?
peaceful and stable world order. a) 3 only
b) 3 and 7 only
Q.13) Which one of the following statements c) 3 and 37 only
reflects the crux of the passage? d) 7 and 37 only

[4]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 212403 |
Q.18) A big cube block is painted from the significant threats to India's governance and
outside on all sides and then cut into 64 equal societal fabric.
cubical pieces. How many cubes are there
which have at least one face painted? Q.21) What is the most logical and rational
a) 56 message implied by the passage?
b) 16 a) The dynamics between politics and crime
c) 32 in India are too complex to be fully
d) 24 understood.
b) The relationship between crime and
Q.19) How many distinct alphanumeric politics in India has both positive and
passwords can be formed by rearranging negative aspects.
A1B2C3 such that alphabets are always at the c) The influence of criminal elements on
odd position and digits are always at the even politics enhances the efficiency of
positions? governance in India.
a) 18 d) The intertwining of politics and crime in
b) 36 India poses significant challenges to
c) 72 governance and societal integrity.
d) 24

Q.20) A and B work independently and can do Passage - 2

a piece of work in 5, 6 days respectively. When Social divides and communal tensions in India
work starts on Monday, A works on the first are complex issues influenced by historical,
day, B works on the 2nd day and both work on cultural, and socio-political factors. Despite
the 3rd day. After which this same cycle efforts to promote inclusivity and inter-
continues. community dialogue, these divides persist,
Consider the following statements: posing significant challenges to social
1. The work will be finished by Thursday. cohesion and harmony. While India celebrates
2. All will have to do equal days of work. cultural diversity and pluralism, deep-rooted
Which of the statements given above is/are prejudices and inequalities contribute to
correct? ongoing tensions. Addressing these issues
a) 1 only requires multifaceted approaches that
b) 2 only prioritize equity, justice, and unity.
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2 Q.22) What is the most logical, crucial and
rational message implied by the passage?
Direction for the following three (3) items: a) India's cultural diversity and pluralism
Read the following three passages and answer contribute to the elimination of social
the items that follow the passages. Your answers divides and communal tensions.
to these items should be based on the passages b) Political exploitation and economic
only: disparities play a crucial role in
exacerbating social divides and communal
Passage – 1 tensions in India.
The intertwining of politics and crime in India c) Efforts towards addressing social divides
presents a multifaceted challenge, and communal tensions do not necessitate
characterized by the criminalization of politics fostering inclusivity or promoting inter-
and the politicization of crime. Criminal community dialogue.
elements often exploit political power for their d) Social cohesion and harmony in India are
own gain, while politicians may manipulate responses to political exploitation,
legal processes to further their agendas. This economic disparities, and identity-based
nexus undermines the rule of law and erodes politics.
public trust in democratic institutions, posing

[5]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 212403 |
Passage - 3 Q.26) There are 6 identical chocolates to be
The role of religion in Indian society is distributed among three friends Ram, Shyam
multifaceted, with deep historical and cultural and Mohan. Each one should get at least one.
roots. While religion often serves as a source In how many ways can it be distributed?
of identity, community, and moral guidance, it a) 6
can also be a divisive force, leading to conflicts b) 3
and tensions. India's secular democracy aims c) 10
to balance religious diversity with the d) 18
principles of equality and freedom of belief.
However, challenges such as religious Q.27) a, b, c and d are distinct single-digit
intolerance, communal violence, and political positive integers. If the smallest value of (2a)b x
exploitation of religious sentiments persist, (2c)d is equal to 2x, then x is equal to:
posing threats to social cohesion and a) 8
harmony. b) 10
c) 14
Q.23) What is the crux of the passage on the d) 11
role of religion in Indian society?
a) Religion in Indian society fosters unity, Q.28) Each digit of a nine-digit number is
understanding, and mutual respect among either 1 or 0 in an alternating manner starting
communities. from 1.It is multiplied by itself. What is the sum
b) India's secular democracy successfully of the digits of the resulting number?
promotes religious harmony and peaceful a) 22
coexistence. b) 25
c) The role of religion in Indian society is c) 18
complex, encompassing both unifying and d) 21
divisive elements.
d) Religious diversity in India contributes to Q.29) What is the sum of all digits which
social cohesion and cultural enrichment. appear in all the integers from 100 to 200?
a) 1000
Q.24) If 4 ⨁ 6 ⨁ 3 = 14, 3 ⨁ 7 ⨁ 4 = 32, 2 ⨁ 8 ⨁ b) 900
4 = 24 c) 990
then 7 ⨁ 4 ⨁ 2 = ? d) 1002
a) 30
b) 36 Q.30) ABCD is a rectangle. Two points on each
c) 32 side AB and CD and three distinct points on
d) 26 each side BC and CD are chosen. How many
distinct triangles can be made using any three
Q.25) Let a be a positive integer such that points as the vertices out of these 10 points?
(a+8)(a +9) is divisible by a. How many values of a) 120
a are possible? b) 122
a) 9 c) 118
b) 10 d) 116
c) 11
d) 12

[6]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 212403 |
Direction for the following five (5) items: Passage – 2
Read the following three passages and answer Parental involvement in children's education
the items that follow the passages. Your answers plays a crucial role in their academic success
to these items should be based on the passages and overall development. Research
only: consistently shows that children whose
parents are actively engaged in their education
Passage – 1 tend to perform better in school, exhibit
In recent years, there has been a noticeable higher levels of motivation, and have improved
shift in the adherence to traditional cultural social skills. Parental involvement can take
values within Indian society. While external various forms, including monitoring
influences such as globalization and homework, attending school events, and
urbanization undoubtedly play a role, internal communicating regularly with teachers. By
factors such as generational shifts and fostering a supportive home environment and
evolving societal norms also contribute to this encouraging a positive attitude towards
phenomenon. The decline in adherence to learning, parents can significantly contribute
cultural values poses multifaceted challenges, to their children's educational outcomes.
including potential erosion of social cohesion
and identity. Addressing this trend requires a Q.33) With reference to the above passage,
nuanced understanding of the complex consider the following assumptions:
interplay between external and internal 1. Parental involvement in children's
factors shaping cultural dynamics. education guarantees academic success
and overall development.
Q.31) With reference to the above passage 2. Parental involvement is limited to
following assumptions have been made. monitoring homework and attending
1. External influences have a more significant school events.
impact on the decline of cultural values in Which of the above statement(s) is/are valid?
Indian society than internal factors. a) 1 only
2. The erosion of traditional cultural values is b) 2 only
inevitable and irreversible. c) Both 1 and 2
Which of the above statement(s) is/are valid? d) Neither 1 nor 2
a) 1 only
b) 2 only Q.34) What is the most logical, rational and
c) Both 1 and 2 crucial message conveyed by the passage?
d) Neither 1 nor 2 a) Parental involvement significantly
contributes to children's academic success
Q.32) What is the most logical, rational and overall development.
message conveyed by the passage? b) Academic success and overall development
a) External influences are the primary drivers are solely dependent on parental
of the decline in cultural values in Indian involvement.
society. c) Parental involvement is limited to
b) The erosion of traditional cultural values in monitoring homework and attending
Indian society is irreversible. school events.
c) The decline in adherence to cultural values d) Parental involvement has no impact on
poses multifaceted challenges that require children's educational outcomes.
a nuanced understanding.
d) Internal factors such as generational shifts
have little impact on the decline of cultural
values in Indian society.

[7]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 212403 |
Q.51) Which one of the following statements d) The availability of vegetarian and vegan
best reflects the most logical and rational options has no impact on people's dietary
message conveyed by the author of the choices.
passage?
a) Non-violence and Satyagraha movements Passage – 3
rely on moral persuasion and passive The pursuit of happiness is a complex journey
resistance to achieve social and political intertwined with various aspects of human life.
change. While material wealth may contribute to
b) The effectiveness of non-violence and momentary joy, true happiness often stems
Satyagraha movements in creating lasting from deeper sources such as meaningful
change is questionable in today's world. relationships, personal growth, and a sense of
c) Violent resistance is sometimes necessary purpose. Furthermore, societal factors like
to bring about social and political change, equality, justice, and community support play
alongside non-violent methods. crucial roles in fostering overall well-being.
d) The enduring legacy of non-violence and Ultimately, happiness is a multifaceted
Satyagraha movements demonstrates the endeavour that requires a holistic approach,
power of peaceful resistance in inspiring balancing individual fulfilment with collective
positive transformation. prosperity.

Passage – 2 Q.53) Which of the following statements best

The rise of vegetarianism and vegan culture reflects the crux of the passage?
reflects a growing awareness of the a) Happiness solely depends on material
environmental, ethical, and health implications wealth and economic success.
of meat consumption. Many individuals are b) True happiness arises from meaningful
opting for plant-based diets to reduce their connections, personal growth, and a sense
carbon footprint, minimize animal suffering, of purpose.
and improve their health. This shift is c) Societal factors have little influence on
influenced by broader societal trends towards individual happiness.
sustainability and ethical consumption. d) Pursuing happiness requires prioritizing
Moreover, advancements in plant-based personal desires over collective well-being.
alternatives and increased availability of
vegetarian and vegan options make adopting Q.54) A box contains 40 coupons numbered 1
these lifestyles more accessible than ever. As to 40. Any coupon will give you as many
vegetarianism and veganism gain popularity, number of chocolates as is the number on the
they contribute to a more sustainable and coupon. How many maximum number of
compassionate food system. chocolates can be obtained by using a total of
20 coupons?
Q.52) Which one of the following statements a) 400
best reflects the most logical and practical b) 780
message conveyed by the passage? c) 560
a) The rise of vegetarianism and vegan culture d) 610
is driven by various factors including
environmental concerns, ethical Q.55) What is the minimum length that can be
considerations, and health benefits. measured using two scales of length 5 cm and
b) Vegetarianism and veganism have become 7 cm respectively?
mainstream dietary choices due to societal a) 1
pressure and influence. b) 2
c) Plant-based diets are the only solution to c) 5
environmental and health problems caused d) 0.5
by meat consumption.

[11]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 212403 |
Q.56) Questions: Is a greater than b? Q.59) Consider a 3-digit number.
Statement-1: a + b is greater than a - b. Question: What is the number?
2 2
Statement-2: a is less than b . Statement-1: The digits of the number are
Which one of the following is correct in consecutive digits in increasing order.
respect of the above Question and the Statement-2: The number is divisible by 4.
Statements? Which one of the following is correct in
a) The Question can be answered by using respect of the above Question and the
one of the Statements alone, but cannot be Statements?
answered using the other Statement alone. a) The Question can be answered by using
b) The Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be
either Statement alone. answered using the other Statement alone.
c) The Question can be answered by using b) The Question can be answered by using
both the Statements together but cannot either Statement alone.
be answered using either Statement alone. c) The Question can be answered by using
d) The Question cannot be answered even by both the Statements together, but cannot
using both the Statements together. be answered using either Statement alone.
d) The Question cannot be answered even by
Q.57) Questions: Is (c + a – b) greater than (b + using both the Statements together.
a – c) where a, b and c are integers?
Statement-1: (a – b) is negative. Q.60) For five persons, all having different
Statement-2: (c - a) is negative. ages. The difference between the age of any
Which one of the following is correct in two person is multiple of 2.
respect of the above Question and the Question: What is the age of all five persons?
Statements? Statement-1: The age of the eldest is 1.25 times
a) The Question can be answered by using the youngest.
one of the Statements alone, but cannot be Statement-2: The maximum age difference is 8
answered using the other Statement alone. years
b) The Question can be answered by using Which one of the following is correct in
either Statement alone. respect of the above Question and the
c) The Question can be answered by using Statements?
both the Statements together, but cannot a) The Question can be answered by using
be answered using either Statement alone. one of the Statement alone.
d) The Question cannot be answered even by b) The Question can be answered by using
using both the Statements together. either Statement alone.
c) The Question can be answered by using
Q.58) Rahul’s mother says to Rahul “I was triple both the Statement together but cannot be
old as you are today, when you were born and answered using either Statement alone.
20 years later, I will still be double as old as d) The Question cannot be answered even by
you”. In the future Rahul's only son when will using both the Statements together
be 10 years old, will find his grandmom 70
years older than him. At what age did Rahul
become a father?
a) 30
b) 25
c) 35
d) 40

[12]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 212403 |
Direction for the following three (4) items: interventions, including investments in
Read the following four passages and answer education and skill development, promoting
the items that follow the passages. Your answers entrepreneurship, and fostering labor-
to these items should be based on the passages intensive industries.
only:
Q.62) Which of the following statements
Passage – 1 accurately reflect factors contributing to
Social media presents a complex duality in jobless growth in India?
modern society. While it facilitates global 1. Automation and technological
connectivity, information dissemination, and advancements have led to increased job
community engagement, it also harbours opportunities across various sectors.
darker aspects. Misinformation spreads 2. Skill gaps in the workforce hinder job
rapidly, addictive behaviours thrive, and creation and economic growth.
cyberbullying proliferates. Moreover, the 3. The informal sector in India is a major
meticulously crafted online personas often contributor to formal employment
breed feelings of inadequacy and anxiety. generation.
Thus, social media acts as a double-edged Which of the above statements are correct?
sword, offering both benefits and drawbacks a) 1 and 2 only
to its users. b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
Q.61) Which of the following statements best d) 1, 2, and 3
reflects the logical message implied by the
above passage? Passage – 3
a) Social media is primarily detrimental, Climate change presents a multifaceted
amplifying misinformation and fostering challenge to humanity. Rising global
addictive behaviours. temperatures, melting polar ice caps, and
b) The positive impacts of social media extreme weather events are all indicators of
outweigh its drawbacks, providing this pressing issue. Human activities, including
unparalleled connectivity and community deforestation, industrialization, and reliance
engagement. on fossil fuels, contribute significantly to
c) Social media has an undeniable impact on greenhouse gas emissions. The consequences
mental health, exacerbating feelings of of climate change are far-reaching, affecting
inadequacy and anxiety. ecosystems, food security, and human health.
d) The effects of social media vary depending Urgent action is needed to mitigate these
on individual usage and perception, making impacts and transition towards a sustainable
it challenging to assess its overall impact. future.

Passage – 2 Q.63) Which of the following statements

Jobless growth, characterized by economic accurately reflect the human contributions to
expansion without a corresponding increase in climate change as per the passage?
employment opportunities, poses a significant 1. Deforestation plays a significant role in
challenge for India's economy. While the contributing to greenhouse gas emissions.
country has experienced robust GDP growth 2. Industrialization is not a major contributor
in recent years, job creation has not kept pace to climate change.
with this growth. Structural issues such as 3. Reliance on renewable energy sources
automation, skill gaps, and informal sector reduces greenhouse gas emissions.
dominance contribute to the phenomenon of Which of the above statements are correct?
jobless growth. Additionally, the COVID-19 a) 1 and 2 only
pandemic has exacerbated unemployment b) 2 and 3 only
rates, further complicating the situation. c) 1 and 3 only
Addressing this challenge requires targeted d) 1, 2, and 3

[13]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 212403 |
Passage 4 c) 27
Globalization has profoundly reshaped social d) 24
life, fostering interconnectedness and cultural
exchange on an unprecedented scale. Through Q.67) There are two taps connected to tank
the proliferation of technology and who can fill the tank in 10 and 12 hours
international trade, individuals are exposed to respectively when turned on separately. A
diverse perspectives, ideas, and lifestyles from leakage occurs in the tank, so it requires 8
around the world. While globalization has hours to fill the tank from empty when both
facilitated cultural diffusion and cross-cultural the taps are turned on. Approximately how
understanding, it has also led to the much time will it take for the leakage to empty
homogenization of cultures and the erosion of the full tank if no tap is on?
local traditions. Additionally, economic a) 16 hours
disparities and cultural clashes have emerged b) 17 hours
as challenges, impacting social cohesion and c) 18 hours
identity. Despite these complexities, d) 19 hours
globalization has opened avenues for
collaboration, solidarity, and collective action, Q.68) The new UPSC prelims paper pattern
shaping a more interconnected and includes a type of question with four
interdependent global society. statements and options corresponding to the
number of statements correct as :
Q.64) Based on the passage, consider the A. One statement is correct
following assumptions: B. Two statements are correct
1. Globalization primarily leads to cultural C. Three statements are correct
homogenization. D. All are correct
2. Economic disparities are a direct result of Consider the following statements
globalization. 1. A student can select the B option, in 8
Which of above assumptions is/are valid? different ways.
a) 1 only 2. A student can select the C option, in 4
b) 2 only different ways.
c) Both 1 and 2 Which of the above statements is/are correct?
d) Neither 1 nor 2 a) 1 only
b) 2 only
Q.65) An optional subject paper in UPSC civil c) Both 1 and 2
services main exam consists of two sections A d) Neither 1 nor 2
and B, each consisting of four questions. Both
sections have one compulsory question and Q.69) A man facing North sets on a long
three optional questions. Atleast one optional journey that consists of many turns in the path
question must be done from each section. which are either left or right. The turns follow
How many ways a student attempt the paper if a pattern as the first turn is left and then next
a total of 5 questions are to be attempted? two turns are right then next three turns are
a) 24 left and then four turns are right so on it
b) 36 continues. In what direction man will be facing
c) 16 after taking a total of 100 turns in the journey?
d) 32 a) North
b) South
Q.66) A 4-digit number is made using digits 1, 2 c) East
and 3. All the digits must be used, and any d) west
consecutive digit in number must not be the
same. How many numbers can be made?
a) 36
b) 18

[14]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 212403 |
Q.70) Consider the following: d) The past holds no relevance in the face of
I. A + B means A is neither smaller nor equal rapid technological advancements.
to B.
II. A – B means A is not greater than B. Passage – 2
III. A × B means A is not smaller than B. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is set to revolutionize
IV. A ÷ B means A is neither greater nor equal our future. Advancements in machine learning,
to B. natural language processing, and robotics are
Statement: P - Q, P + T, T x R, R ÷ S reshaping industries and societies. AI will
Conclusion-1: P + R transform healthcare, enhance personalized
Conclusion-2: S ÷ Q medicine, and revolutionize industries through
Which one of the following is correct in automation. However, challenges such as job
respect of the above Statement and the displacement and ethical concerns arise.
Conclusions? Collaborative efforts and robust regulations
a) Only Conclusion-1 follows from the are vital. Responsible AI development is crucial
Statement. for an equitable, inclusive future.
b) Only Conclusion-2 follows from the
Statement. Q.72) What is the most logical and rational
c) Both Conclusion-1 and Conclusion-2 follow message from the passage regarding AI and
from the Statement. the future?
d) Neither Conclusion-1 nor Conclusion-2 a) AI will inevitably lead to widespread job
follows from the Statement. displacement and socioeconomic
inequality.
Direction for the following three (3) items: b) The responsible development and
Read the following three passages and answer deployment of AI are essential for ensuring
the items that follow the passages. Your answers a future that is equitable and inclusive.
to these items should be based on the passages c) AI-driven automation will eliminate the
only: need for human intervention in various
industries.
Passage – 1 d) The ethical concerns surrounding AI can be
Tradition and modernity often engage in a ignored in favor of technological
delicate dance of coexistence and advancement.
contradiction. While tradition offers continuity
and cultural identity, modernity beckons with Passage 3
innovation and progress. However, tensions In the digital age, the clash between data
arise as tradition may resist change, while privacy and equitable economic growth is
modernity may disregard cherished customs. unmistakable. As corporations and
Yet, the fusion of tradition and modernity can governments amass vast troves of personal
lead to cultural evolution. Balancing the data, concerns over privacy intensify. Yet, this
wisdom of the past with the innovations of the data is the lifeblood of modern economies,
present is key to fostering a vibrant and fueling targeted advertising, market research,
inclusive society. and algorithmic decision-making. The
dilemma arises: safeguarding privacy may
Q.71) Which of the following statements likely hinder economic growth by limiting access to
reflects what the author of the passage intends valuable data, while prioritizing economic
to say? growth risks eroding privacy rights. Striking a
a) Traditional values should be completely balance is imperative. Without robust privacy
discarded in favour of modern innovations. protections, marginalized communities face
b) Tradition and modernity can coexist and exploitation, widening the gap between the
complement each other, leading to cultural privileged and the disadvantaged. Thus,
evolution. reconciling these conflicting interests is
c) Modernity always trumps tradition, leading essential for fostering a truly inclusive and just
to the erosion of cultural identity. economic landscape.

[15]
PTS 2025 | Test Code : 212403 |
Q.73) What is the essence of the message a) 1 only
conveyed in the passage? b) 2 only
a) The importance of technological c) Both 1 and 2
advancement in economic growth. d) Neither 1 nor 2
b) The necessity of prioritizing data privacy
over economic growth. Q.78) Let A, B, C, D and E be five statements
c) The conflict between data privacy and such that:
equitable economic growth. I. If A is false, then either B or C is false.
d) The significance of government regulation II. If C and D are true, then E is false.
in addressing privacy concerns. Which of the following can be concluded?
1. If B is true, then A and C can be true/ false
Q.74) What is the sum of the digits in the only together.
smallest four-digit number that is divisible by 2. If E is false, then at least one of A and B is
both 6 and 8? false.
a) 15 Select the correct answer using the code given
b) 9 below:
c) 8 a) 1 only
d) 12 b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
Q.75) Consider the sequence d) Neither 1 nor 2
ABC_BCD_CDABDA_C_BCD that follows a
certain pattern. Q.79) A cuboid of dimensions 6 cm x 5 cm x 4
Which of the following completes the cm is painted black and white on each triplet
sequence? of adjacent faces. Then the cuboid is cut and
a) DACB separated into various cubes each of side
b) CDAB length 1 cm.
c) DCCA Which of the following statements is/are
d) DABA correct?
1. There are exactly 30 small cubes with only
Q.76) ABC and DEF are two 3-digit numbers one face painted, with black color.
with all distinct digits. When ABC is added to 2. There are exactly 18 small cubes with
DEF, the sum is equal to 789. What is the value exactly two faces painted, one white and
of A + B + C + D + E + F? the other black.
a) 22 Select the correct answer using the code given
b) 25 below:
c) 24 a) 1 only
d) can't be determined b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
Q.77) Consider the following statement with d) Neither 1 nor 2
respect to cricketers.
Statement – Players selected in the squad are Q.80) The letters of the word
good players. No player without good batting "INTERCHANGEABLENESS” are arranged
technique becomes a good player. alphabetically in reverse order. How many
Which of the following conclusions can be positions of the letter/letters will remain
drawn? unchanged?
1. Players selected in the squad have good a) None
batting technique. b) One
2. Players with good batting technique are c) Two
good players. d) Three
Select the correct answer using the code given
below:

[16]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 212403 |
Q.1)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
Option a is incorrect: The passage highlights that how the last decade was an uncertain period for Indian
economy, even though the overall efficiency increased because of the government reforms and diverse
measures the problem such as balance sheet stress have adversely impacted the growth in this period.
Option b is incorrect: the passage has highlighted a lot of structural reforms measures taken by the
government such as creating public goods adopting trust based governance, private sector participation
and improving agricultural productivity but however these structural reforms have not been able to
materialize in terms of economic growth.
Option c is incorrect: The passage has highlighted the adverse impact on the economy due to the balance
sheet is stressed caused by the credit boom in the previous years and also on of global socks that
followed. It is not because of the lack of reforms.
Option d is correct: passage has highlighted that in spite of the reforms due in spite of reforms the
other factors like balance height seat is stressed and on of global socks could not allow the economy to
grow in during this. So this is an important message that any reform measures to transform into
economic growth required other favorable conditions.

Q.2)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer.
Option a is incorrect - as this passage highlights how religion is not anything about superstition or a set
of beliefs or dogma it is a matter of experience and experiment. Religion is also an experiment-based
process and it is not a hindrance to scientific temper.
Option b is incorrect - the common understanding of religion may be different from as described in the
passage but the passage had made no comments on people’s understanding of religion and its practices
so this is not implied from the passage
Option c is correct - this passage highlights how religion and science are not totally different
processes if one is objective other is deeper and subjective if one is social other is personal but is still
they proceed in the same experimentation manner as described in the passage
Option d is incorrect - as described by the passage meditation is the gateway to religion and not science,
even though religion and science have similar approaches they do not have the same methods.

Q.3)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer.
Option a is incorrect - passage describes how in spite of India’s low per capita emission levels India has
been demonstrating global leadership towards various climate change action so it does not have any
lesser responsibility
Option b is incorrect - the passage has not commented upon the impact of proportionality of impact of
climate change in all parts of the world however it marks that because of the global nature the impact is
all around
Option c is correct - the passage shows that India without being biggest emitter in historical times,
how India is also impacted by climate change and has taken initiatives thereby it is imperative for all
countries to contribute in climate action.

[1]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 212403 |
Option d is incorrect - although the passage tells that the contribution to emission is both historical and
due to current in industrial development but it has not commented on any comparison between historical
and current emissions

Q.4)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
To find the maximum number of attempts we need to visualize the worst-case scenario.
To get one pencil and one eraser, the worst case is Mohan will get all pens first, then all pencils, then at
last one eraser.
The number of attempts will be 12 +13 +1 = 26

Q.5)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
For counting all possible combinations, we make different cases.
Case 1 -> only Rs 10 is used
1 way by taking 44 Rs 10 notes
Case 2 -> only Rs 50 and Rs 10 is used
As 8x 50 =400, so maximun 8 notes of 50 can be used, rest will be 10 rs note.
8 ways -> 1x50, 2x50, 3x50 .....
Case 3 -> only Rs 100 and Rs10 is used
As 4 x 100 =400, so maximun 4 notes of 100 can be used, rest will be 10 rs note.
4 ways -> 1x100, 2x100, 3x100 .....
Case 4 -> all Rs 50, Rs 100 and Rs 10 is used
Depending on number of 100 rs note taken we decide cases for 50 rs note possible in each case.
For 100 x 1 --> 50 note can be any one (1/2/3/4/5/6) -> 6 cases
For 100 x 2 --> 50 note can be anyone (1/2/3/4) -> 4 cases
For 100 x 3 --> 50 notes can be anyone (1/2) -> 2 cases
6+4+2 =12 ways
Finally, to the total number of ways possible we add number of ways from all the cases,
1+8+4+12 = 25

Q.6)
Ans) a
Exp) Option a is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is correct: If one item is matched incorrectly, then the item for correct matching from right
hand side list must also be matched with wrong item. So, it’s not possible that only one item is incorrectly
matched.
So, Statement 1 is correct.
Statement 2 is incorrect: We need to match two items with correct options and two with incorrect
options.
We can choose the two items to match correctly in 4C2 ways, i.e. 6 ways. The remaining two items will
automatically get matched in only one remaining wrong choice.
So, Statement 2 is incorrect.
Hence, option (a) is correct

[2]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 212403 |
Q.7)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
From prime factorization of 100, We know that, 5 × 5 × 2 x 2 = 100
In 48 x 65 x 69 x 78 x 85 x 91 x 95 there are two 5’s (in 85 and 95) and two 2’s (in 48).
So, the given expression is completely divisible by 100. So, remainder will be zero.
Hence, option (b) is correct.

Q.8)
Ans) a
Exp) Option a is the correct answer.
The unit digit of the resultant number only depends on the unit digit of the given number.
For unit digit (721 x 693)123456789 is same as (1 x 3)123456789 --> (3)123456789.
31=3, 32=9, 33=27, 34=81
35=243, 36=729
Unit digit in numbers formed by exponents to 3 follow cyclical order of four values as 3,9,7,1.
Unit digit in (3)123456789.will determined by determining the remainder of exponent with 4.
As per divisibility rules for 4, remainder of a number is same as remainder with last two digits ie 89.
Reminder of 89 with 4 is 1.
So the remainder of 123456789 with 4 is 1.
As the remainder is one. We take 1st item after complete cycles (3,9,7,1) is 3.
Hence, 3 is the unit digit in the expansion.

Q.9)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer.
AB + CD = 111, wherein A, B, C and D are distinct non-zero digits.
For resultant of 111, unit digit needs to be 1
B + D = 11, because it cannot be 1,21 or anything
Now resultant to be 111, A+C+1= 11
This implies A+C = 10
So, A + B + C + D = 10 + 11 = 21

Q.10
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
The number ABC can be written as ABC = 100 A + 10 B + C
Now, as B = 2A, C = 3 A
Putting values of B and C in terms of A,
ABC = 100 A + 20 A + 3 A = 123 A.
By factorizing 123 we get 123 = 3x 41
ABC = 123 A = 3 x 41 x A.
So ABC is divisible by 41.

Q.11)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.

[3]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 212403 |
Option a is incorrect- The passage suggests that technological disruption has significant implications for
industries and societies, making this option incorrect.
Option b is correct- The passage emphasizes the importance of embracing innovation and digital
literacy as essential strategies for navigating technological disruption, aligning with the crucial
message conveyed by the author.
Option c is incorrect -While job displacement is mentioned as a challenge, the passage does not suggest
that it is inevitable and cannot be mitigated, making this option incorrect.
Option d is incorrect -The passage does not make a distinction between the benefits of technological
disruption for large corporations versus small businesses, making this option incorrect.

Q.12)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
Option a is incorrect- The passage suggests that government policies play a significant role in shaping
economic spending patterns, aligning with the most rational assumption conveyed by the author.
Option b is incorrect- The passage indicates that individual spending patterns are influenced by income
levels and economic conditions, among other factors.
Option c is incorrect- The passage does not imply that governments allocate their budgets solely based
on political considerations but rather based on various factors including policy priorities and societal
needs.
Option d is correct- The passage emphasizes that economic spending patterns are influenced by a
combination of factors including income levels, consumer preferences, and government policies,
aligning with the most rational assumption conveyed by the author.

Q.13)
Ans) a
Exp) Option a is the correct answer.
Option a is correct- The passage emphasizes how the World Wars underscored the need for global
cooperation and peacebuilding efforts, aligning with the crux of the message conveyed by the author.
Option b is incorrect-While territorial expansion and conquest were elements of the World Wars, the
passage focuses more on their broader implications for global cooperation and peacebuilding efforts.
Option c is incorrect-The passage suggests that the World Wars had a profound impact on geopolitics
and international relations, contrary to this option.
Option d is incorrect- While the World Wars did lead to advancements in military technology and tactics,
the passage focuses more on their broader implications for global cooperation and peacebuilding efforts.

Q.14)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is incorrect: if one of a and b are odd and other is even, then a x b is even and c x d is also
similarly even because one will be odd and other will be even.
even number – even number is always even.
Statement 2 is correct: a x b x c is always even because it certainly has one even number. d is either odd
or even. But in both cases 2 x d is even.
even number – even number is always even.

[4]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 212403 |
Q.15)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
As p is a prime number, it is definitely an odd number.
Now as p and q are consecutive, q is the next number to p. so q is an even composite number.
Statement 1 is incorrect: p2 is also odd number as p is prime, q2is an even number.
odd number + even number is always odd.
Statement 2 is correct: p x q is also even number as p is prime, q is an even number.
(p+q) is odd number as p is odd and q is even.
P x q- p –q = p x q - (p+q)
Even – odd = odd
So p x q – p – q is odd
odd number + even number is always odd.

Q.16)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
It’s given that, ABC × D = 31DD
Wherein A, B, C and D are different non-zero digits.
So, ABC = 31DD = (3100 + 10D + D) = 3700 + 11D
As 31DD is divisible by D => (3100 + 11D) / D = ABC
=> ABC = 3100/D + 11
For 3100/d to whole number, possible values of D are 1, 2, 4 and 5 only.
Now as D x three digit number (max 999) > 3000, then D is definitely greater than 3.
So possible values of D are 4 and 5 only.
Now checking
For D=4,
ABC = 3144/4 = 786 – possible as ABC has three different digits.
A+B-C = 7 + 8 – 6 = 9
For D=5,
ABC = 3155/5 = 631 – possible as ABC has three different digits.
A+B-C = 6 +3 – 1 = 8
So, the possible values are 8 or 9. and can't be determined with given information with certainty.

Q.17)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer.
The number AAABBB = AAA x 1000 + BBB
AAA = 100 A + 10 A + A = 111 A
Similarly, BBB = 111 B
AAABBB = AAA x 1000 + BBB = 111 A x 1000 A + 111 B
AAABBB = 111 (1000A + B)
As, 111 = 3 x 37
So AAABBB will always be divisible by 3 and 37.

[5]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 212403 |
Q.18)
Ans) a
Exp) Option a is the correct answer.
For cubes atleast one face painted, we have to find the number of cubes having no face painted i.e.
internal cubes.
There are 64 cubes. Now 64= 43, So, n = 4
Number of internal cubes = (n - 2)3 = (4 - 2)3 = 23 = 8
So, 8 cubes have no face painted.
So, cubes with atleast one face painted is 64 – 8 = 56

Q.19)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
The password has two separate parts to be rearranged which do not interchange positions and thus can
be separately operated.
ABC and 123
Number of ways to arrange ABC = 3! = 6
Number of ways to rearrange 123 = 3! = 6
Now for a complete password using ABC and 123
From the rule of multiplication
Total number of ways = 6 x 6 = 36.

Q.20)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
Using total work – efficiency method
Total work is LCM of individual times. LCM of 5 and 6 = 30
Total work = 30
Efficiency of A = 6
Efficiency of B = 5
Efficiency of A and B = 6 + 5=11
Each day workers does work equal to efficiency.
A (6) + B(5) + A+B(11) + A(6) + B(5) > 30 = total work
It needs 5 days of work as A, B , (A+B), A, B
Statement 1 is incorrect: Work will finished in 5 days. Work starts on Monday, so it will be finished by
Friday.
Statement 2 is correct: Both A and B have 3 days of work each in total cycle of 5 days of work.
Hence, option (b) is correct

Q.21)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
Option a is incorrect - While the dynamics are complex, the passage suggests that the relationship
between politics and crime can be analyzed and understood to some extent.
Option b is incorrect - The passage emphasizes the negative aspects of the relationship between crime
and politics, suggesting that there are few, if any, positive aspects.

[6]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 212403 |
Option c is incorrect - The passage highlights how the influence of criminal elements undermines
governance and societal integrity, suggesting that it does not enhance efficiency.
Option d is correct - The passage emphasizes the significant challenges posed by the intertwining of
politics and crime to governance and societal integrity, aligning with the most logical and rational
message conveyed by the author.

Q.22)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
Option a is incorrect: While India celebrates cultural diversity and pluralism, the passage acknowledges
that social divides and communal tensions persist, suggesting that they have not been eliminated.
Option b is correct: The passage highlights the role of political exploitation and economic disparities in
exacerbating social divides and communal tensions, aligning with the most logical and rational
message conveyed by the author.
Option c is incorrect: The passage emphasizes the importance of fostering inclusivity and promoting
inter-community dialogue in addressing social divides and communal tensions, suggesting that they are
necessary rather than unnecessary.
Option d is incorrect: The passage suggests that social cohesion and harmony in India are indeed
affected by political exploitation, economic disparities, and identity-based politics, but not a product of
them contradicting this option.

Q.23)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer.
Option a is incorrect- While religion can foster unity, understanding, and mutual respect among
communities, the passage acknowledges its potential to be divisive as well, suggesting that it is not solely
unifying.
Option b is incorrect- While India's secular democracy aims to promote religious harmony and peaceful
coexistence, the passage highlights persistent challenges related to religious intolerance and communal
violence, suggesting that it does not completely eliminate such challenges.
Option c is correct- The passage emphasizes the complexity of the role of religion in Indian society,
highlighting both unifying and divisive elements, aligning with the crux of the message conveyed by
the author.
Option d is incorrect- While religious diversity can contribute to social cohesion and cultural
enrichment, the passage acknowledges challenges such as religious intolerance and communal violence,
suggesting that it is not solely positive.

Q.24)
Ans) a
Exp) Option a is the correct answer.
Here, we are just multiplying the numbers and then multiplying the digits of the resultant number.
4 ⨁ 6 ⨁ 3 = 4 x 6 x 3 = 72 = 7 x 2 = 14
3 ⨁ 7 ⨁ 4 = 3 x 7 x 4= 84 = 8 x 4 = 32
2 ⨁ 8 ⨁ 4 = 2 x 8 x 4 = 64= 6 x 4 = 24
So, 7 ⨁ 4 ⨁ 2= 7 x 4 x 2 = 56 = 5 x 6 = 30
Hence, option (a) is correct.

[7]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 212403 |
Q.25)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
(a+8)(a +9) = a2 + 17a + 72
Dividing by a, (a2 + 17a + 72 )/a = a+17 + 72/a
For this number to divisible by a. It means that 72 is divisible by a, or a is a factor of 72.
72 = 23 x 32
So, a can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 72. So, a total of 12 possible values.
Hence, option (d) is correct.

Q.26)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer.
As chocolates are identical, so different number of chocolates will lead to different cases.
Case 1 – each friend has 2, 2, 2 chocolates
As all have same, no other arrangement possible – only 1 way
Case 2 – one friend has 4, other 2 have 1, 1
As there are 3 ways to choose that one person who will have 4 chocolates – 3 ways
Case 3 – chocolates distributed as 3, 2, 1
As all are different in this case, arrangement can be changed in 3 ! = 6 ways
Total number of ways = 1 + 3 + 6 = 10
Hence option c is the correct answer.

Q.27)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
(2a)b x (2c)d = 2 a x b x 2 c x d = 2 (a x b) + (c x d) = 2x
x= (a x b) + (c x d)
Now for smallest value, we need to find the smallest value of x.
As a, b, c, d are distinct digits, for smallest we take them as 1, 2, 3, 4
For smallest value of sum, biggest paired with smallest digit.
x= 1x4 + 2x3
x=10

Q.28)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
Number = 101010101
So first try to find a pattern with a smaller but similar number
101 × 101 = 10201
10101 × 10101 = 102030201
Following the same pattern, we get:
(101010101) × (101010101) = 10203040504030201
Sum of the digits of the resulting number = 2 × (1 + 2 + 3 + 4) + 5 = 2 × 10 + 5 = 25

[8]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 212403 |
Q.29)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
For integers 100 to 199,
The digit at hundreds place is always 1 -> 100 x1 =100
Digit at tenth place
Say for digit 1, at tenth place 110, 111,112, 113, 114 ...... 119 – 1 is 10 times at tenth place
So, each digit is used 10 times = 10 (1 + 2 +3 + ...+9)
Digit at units place
Say for digit 1, at tenth place 101, 111,121, 131, 141 ...... 141 – 1 is 10 times at unit place
So, each digit is used 10 times = 10 (1 + 2 +3 + ...+9)
For number 200 – digit sum = 2
Sum of n natural numbers = n(n+1)/2
(1 + 2+3 +....9) = 9x10/2 = 45
Digit sum = 100 + 450 + 450 + 2 = 1002

Q.30)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer

2 sets of three of these points are collinear.

So, the number of distinct triangles that we can draw using these six points
10C3 - 2 = (10 × 9 × 8) / (3 × 2 x 1) - 2 = 118
Hence, option (c) is correct.

Q.31)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
Assumption 1 is incorrect - While external influences are acknowledged, the passage suggests that
internal factors such as generational shifts also play a significant role in the decline of cultural values.
Assumption 2 is incorrect - The passage does not imply that the erosion of traditional cultural values is
inevitable or irreversible; rather, it highlights the challenges posed by this trend.

Q.32)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer.
Option a is incorrect- While external influences are acknowledged, the passage suggests that internal
factors also play a significant role in the decline of cultural values.

[9]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 212403 |
Option b is incorrect-The passage does not imply that the erosion of traditional cultural values is
irreversible; rather, it highlights the challenges posed by this trend.
Option c is correct- The passage emphasizes the multifaceted challenges posed by the decline in
adherence to cultural values and the need for a nuanced understanding of the factors contributing to
this trend.
Option d is incorrect- The passage suggests that internal factors such as generational shifts also play a
significant role in the decline of cultural values, contradicting this option.

Q.33)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
Assumption 1 is incorrect- While parental involvement is important, it does not guarantee academic
success and overall development as there are various other factors at play.
Assumption 2 is incorrect - The passage mentions that parental involvement can take various forms, not
limited to monitoring homework and attending school events, suggesting that this assumption is not
correct.

Q.34)
Ans) a
Exp) Option a is the correct answer.
Option a is correct-The passage emphasizes that parental involvement significantly contributes to
children's academic success and overall development, aligning with the most logical and rational
message conveyed by the author.
Option b is incorrect- While parental involvement is important, academic success and overall
development are influenced by various factors beyond parental involvement alone.
Option c is incorrect- The passage mentions that parental involvement can take various forms, not
limited to monitoring homework and attending school events, suggesting that this option is not correct.
Option d is incorrect-The passage highlights the importance of parental involvement in children's
education, suggesting that it does have an impact on children's educational outcomes.

Q.35)
Ans) a
Exp) Option a is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is correct: Since the passage is talking about the removal of inequalities, we are assuming
that equalities are prerequisites for people to participate in social transactions and interactions with
confidence.
Statement 2 is correct: Since the passage talks about the violation of democratic norms when inequality
is present, it is being assumed that the occurrence of inequality can threaten the survival of democracy
itself and therefore we should strive to remove it.
Statement 3 is incorrect: This is counterintuitive to the theme of the discussion of the passage. Also, the
effort of the passage is the removal of inequalities.
Statement 4 is incorrect: This statement is more like a recommendation for the future and cannot be an
assumption. Hence, Option (a) is correct.

[10]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 212403 |
Q.36)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is correct: For full set of one color we have to take the worst case. Worst case is one card of
each color remaining in the pack till the last ie till we withdraw 48 cards. Next card withdraw is bound to
fulfill atleast one set of color. So number of attempts is 49.
Statement 2 is correct: For getting at least one card of each color, i.e. getting all color cards, the worst
case is one color is totally left out until others are drawn, i.e. 13 x 3 i.e. 39 cards are drawn. The next card
i.e. 40 th card when we draw, it is bound to give atleast one cards of all color.
Hence, option (c) is correct

Q.37)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer.
A - 1, B - 2, C - 3, D - 4, E - 5, F - 6, G - 7, H - 8, I - 9, J - 10, K - 11, L - 12, M - 13, N - 14, O - 15, P - 16, Q - 17,
R - 18, S - 19, T - 20, U - 21, V - 22, W - 23, X - 24, Y - 25, Z – 26
From GAIN to JENT
G=7, 7 + 3 =9 -> J --> 3 forward
A=1, 1 + 4 = 5 -> E --> 4 forward
I= 9, 9 + 5 =14 --> N -> 5 forward
N=14, 14 + 6= 20 --> T --> 6 forward
So pattern is first 3 forward, 4 forward, 5, 6 so on
For TABLE
T – 3 forward – W
A – 4 forward -- E
B - 5 forward – G
L – 6 forward – R
E – 7 forward – L
So TABLE is code as WEGRL.

Q.38)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
So, the persons we need to consider are: A, B, C, D, E, and F, i.e. 6 in total.
We must use statements 2 and 3, as C has been mentioned only in statement 2, and E has been mentioned
only in statement 3. Now, we need to account for A, B, D and F.
We can account for A and B using statement 1, and for D and F using statement 4.
Using statements 1 and 3, we get:
A>B>E
Using statements 2 and 4, we get:
C=D>F
However, we still need statement 5 to find out the relative position of these two groups. Using statement
5, we get:
C=D>F>A>B>E
So, C and D are the richest and to find this out we need to use all the given five statements.
Hence, option (d) is correct.

[11]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 212403 |
Q.39)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer.

As shown in the diagram, Each of the above statements is required to establish full family chain between
A and B, as shown in the figure.

Q.40)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
All groups consist of number which are Squares of natural numbers
Squares of the natural numbers from 1 to 15 are 1, 4, 9, 16,25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121, 144, 169, 196, 225
Group d contains 44 which is not a square of any number.

Q.41)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
Assumption 1 is incorrect - While advances in technology and forecasting have improved early warning
systems, cyclones still have devastating effects, suggesting that this assumption is not correct.
Assumption 2 is correct - The passage emphasizes the importance of effective disaster preparedness and
response mechanisms for mitigating the impact of cyclones, indicating that this assumption could be
correct.

Q.42)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
Option a is incorrect- The passage emphasizes the significance of family and relationships in shaping
emotional well-being, resilience, and personal growth, indicating their importance rather than
insignificance.
Option b is correct- The passage highlights that maintaining healthy family dynamics and
relationships requires effort, understanding, and compromise from all parties involved, aligning with
the most rational, logical, and crucial message conveyed by the author.
Option c is incorrect- The passage emphasizes the positive aspects of emotional support and social
bonds provided by family and relationships, suggesting their importance in personal growth and
fulfillment.
Option d is incorrect- The passage suggests that strong family ties contribute significantly to overall
happiness and resilience, rather than minimally.

[12]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 212403 |
The factors of 5 are 1 and 5.
The factors of 7 are 1 and 7.
The highest common factor (HCF) of 5 and 7 is 1.
Therefore, the minimum length that can be measured using two scales of length 5 cm and 7 cm
respectively is 1 cm.

Q.56)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
Statement 1
a+b>a–b
=> 2b > 0 --> b > 0
Statement 2
a2 > b2
=> if a is positive then a > b
If a is negative then a < b
So even after using both the statements sign of a cant be determined.
Thus question is a greater cannot be answered using both statements.
Hence d is the correct answer.

Q.57)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer.
Question
(c + a – b) > (b + a – c) ?
=> 2c > 2 b ?
=> c > b ?
Statement 1
a – b < 0 => a < b
Statement 2
c - a < 0 => c < a
From two statements we get that c < b. so, the question as simplified can be answered.

Q.58)
Ans) d
Exp) option d is the correct answer.
Let Rahul age today be x.
Rahul's mother age at Rahul birth = 3x
Rahul's mother age today = 3x + x = 4x
20 years later, mother will double as Rahul
=> 4x + 20 = 2 (x + 20)
=> 2x = 20
=> x = 10 years
Rahul age = 10 years
Mothers age today = 40 years
For Rahul's mother to be 70 older than grandson , we need to go 40 years later than today.
Rahul age 40 years later = 10 + 40 = 50

[16]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 212403 |
As Rahul's son is 10 years when he is 50, Rahul became father at the age of 40 years.
Hence option d is the correct answer.

Q.59)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer.
From statement 1 : number has only 7 possibilities
123, 234, 345, 456, 567, 678, 789.
From statement 2 : only 456 is divisible by 4 as 56 is divisible by 4.
All other last two digits are not divisible by 4.
Hence the number is 567 and is obtained using both the statements.

Q.60)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer.
Five people with different ages. They can be arranged like a < b < c < d <e
The possible age differences are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, ...
From statement 1 : e = 1.25 a -> this is not sufficient to answer the question.
From statement 2 : If the maximum age difference is 8 -> e = a +8
Combining both statements we can find a=32 , e=40.
Now as the age rises only with multiples of 2, there are only 3 ages possible in between 32 and 40, i.e. 34,
36, 38. Thus ages of b, c, d are also known.
Thus question is answered using both the statements.
Hence c is the correct answer.

Q.61)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
Option a is incorrect- While the passage acknowledges the detrimental aspects of social media, it also
recognizes its positive effects, indicating a more nuanced view than portraying it as primarily detrimental.
Option b is incorrect- While the passage discusses the benefits of social media, it also highlights its
drawbacks, suggesting that its impact is not solely positive.
Option c is incorrect- While the passage mentions the negative impact of social media on mental health,
it also acknowledges its positive aspects, indicating a more balanced perspective.
Option d is correct- The passage suggests that the effects of social media are multifaceted and depend
on individual usage and perception, making it challenging to assess its overall impact definitively.

Q.62)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is incorrect: While automation and technological advancements may lead to job creation in
certain sectors, they also contribute to job displacement in others, exacerbating the issue of jobless
growth.
Statement 2 is correct: Skill gaps in the workforce hinder job creation and economic growth by
mismatching the skills demanded by employers with those possessed by job seekers, leading to
underemployment and unemployment.

[17]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 212403 |
Statement 3 is correct: The informal sector in India typically consists of low-paying and unstable jobs,
which do not contribute significantly to formal employment generation. Instead, they perpetuate the
cycle of joblessness and underemployment in the economy

Q.63)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is correct: Deforestation leads to the release of stored carbon dioxide and reduces the
planet's capacity to absorb greenhouse gases, making it a significant contributor to climate change.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Industrialization is a major contributor to climate change, as it results in the
emission of greenhouse gases through various industrial processes and activities.
Statement 3 is correct: Reliance on renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric
power can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuels, making it an effective strategy
for combating climate change.

Q.64)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
Assumption 1 is invalid: While the passage acknowledges the potential for cultural homogenization due
to globalization, it also highlights the positive aspects such as cultural exchange and cross-cultural
understanding.
Assumption 2 is invalid: While economic disparities may be exacerbated by certain aspects of
globalization, the passage does not explicitly state that they are a direct result of globalization.
Hence d is the correct option.

Q.65)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
Out of a total of 8 questions, 2 are fixed and have no choice. - only 1 way.
As one question is a must from each section select one from each section.
--Number of ways – 3C1 x 3C1 = 9 .
Till here 4 questions have already attempted, number of remaining questions = 4
Now, 5th question can be taken any from remaining questions
-- Number of ways = 4C1
Total number of ways = 3C1 x 3C1 x 4C1 = 36

Q.66)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
Consider the blank box represents four-digit number, as shown in the figure.
For finding total numbers we find number of ways to fill all boxes, with given conditions

For the first box there are 3 ways (1,2,3)

For second box there are 2 ways (other two except one used in box 1)

[18]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 212403 |
For third box, there are again two options (other two except one used in box 2)
For fourth box, there are again two options (other two except one used in box 3)
Total number of ways = 3 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 24

Q.67)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
Using total work units and efficiency method.
Let the total capacity of tank be LCM of 8, 10 and 12 = 120 liters.
Efficiency of tap A = 120/10 = 12 liters/ hr
Efficiency of tap B = 120/12 = 10 liters/hr
But when both the taps are working along with leakage efficiency = 120/8 = 15 liters/hr
If the efficiency of leakage to empty the tank is C.
10 + 12 – C = 15
=> C = 7 liters/hr
Time taken to empty the tank = 120/ 7 = 17.14 hours
Hence option b is the correct answer.

Q.68)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is incorrect – For selecting option B two statements are to be judged correct and two
statements are to be judged false. For two statements to be correct the choice is 4C2 and then the other
two can be wrong in only one way
So the number of ways is 4C2 = 6
Statement 2 is correct: For selecting the option C. 3 statements have to be correct one statement has to
be wrong. For one the wrong statement there are 4C1 four ways and all the rest are to be correct so the
number of ways is 4
Hence, option (b) is correct

Q.69)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
If the left turn is denoted by L and right turn by R.
The pattern followed by the turns is
L, R, R, L, L, L, R, R, R, R, L, L, L, L, L, ..........
If we make blocks of same turns as one unit like
[L], [R, R], [L, L, L], [R, R, R, R], [L, L, L, L, L], ..........
Then number of turns in the blocks varies as 1, 2, 3, 4 ..
Total turns is given by sum of these numbers in the blocks
So for 100 turns,
As we know sum of n natural numbers is n(n+1)/2
For sum < 100, we check n=34
Sum = 14 x13/2 = 91
Upto 91 turns 13 blocks of turns are over.
As odd number blocks are left, even blocks are right
13th block was left, 14 block is right.

[19]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 212403 |
After 13th block= 91 turns, he takes 9 more which are right.
Now if we see net effect of two consecutive blocks, 1 and 2, 1 L and 2 R = 1 R
Similarly for blocks 3 and 4 = 3 L and 4 R = 1 R
Each two blocks = 1 R
So, till 12th block , net effect = 12/2 = 6 R (net effect is 6 right turns)
Upto 100 turns Net effect = 6 R + 13 L + 9 R = 2 R
Total net effect is 2 R i.e. 2 right turns from initial direction.
From north direction 2 right turns will make the man face South.
So, south is the final direction of facing.

Q.70)
Ans) a
Exp) Option a is the correct answer.
According to the question,
A + B means A > B
A – B means A ≤ B
A × B means A ≥ B
A ÷ B means A < B
It’s given that, P - Q, P + T, T x R, R ÷ S
Or P ≤ Q, P > T, T ≥ R, R < S
Using this we get: S > R ≤ T < P ≤ Q
Conclusion I is correct : P + R or P > R
As, P > T >= R so, This is necessarily true.
Conclusion II is incorrect : S ÷ Q or S < Q.
As S > R < Q. but it is not possible to judge relation between S and Q.
This is not necessarily true.
Hence, option (a) is correct.

Q.71)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
Option a is incorrect- The passage emphasizes the coexistence and fusion of tradition and modernity
rather than advocating for the complete dismissal of traditional values.
Option b is correct - The passage highlights the delicate balance and potential synergy between
tradition and modernity, suggesting that they can coexist and complement each other, leading to
cultural evolution.
Option c is incorrect -While the passage acknowledges tensions between tradition and modernity, it
does not suggest that modernity always trumps tradition.
Option d is incorrect - The passage emphasizes the importance of balancing tradition with modern
innovations, indicating that the past holds relevance in shaping the future.

Q.72)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
Option a is incorrect - While the passage mentions challenges such as job displacement and
socioeconomic inequality, it does not suggest that these outcomes are inevitable but rather emphasizes
the need for proactive measures to mitigate adverse effects.

[20]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 212403 |
Option b is correct - The passage emphasizes the importance of responsible development and
deployment of AI to ensure a future that is equitable and inclusive, making this option the most logical
and rational message.
Option c is incorrect - While the passage discusses AI-driven automation, it does not suggest that human
intervention will be completely eliminated in various industries.
Option d is incorrect - The passage highlights the ethical concerns surrounding AI and emphasizes the
need for addressing them rather than ignoring them in favor of technological advancement.

Q.73)
Ans) c
Exp) option c is the correct answer
Option a is incorrect - The passage doesn't solely emphasize the importance of technological
advancement in economic growth but rather focuses on the conflict between data privacy and economic
growth.
Option b is incorrect - The passage doesn't explicitly advocate for prioritizing data privacy over
economic growth but rather discusses the dilemma and the need to balance the two.
Option c is correct - The passage highlights the conflict between data privacy and equitable economic
growth, making this option the correct choice.
Option d is incorrect - While government regulation may be relevant in addressing privacy concerns, the
passage doesn't specifically focus on it as the main crux of the message.

Q.74)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
To find the smallest four-digit number divisible by both 6 and 8, we need to find the least common
multiple (LCM) of 6 and 8, which is 24. To make it a four-digit number, we need to find the smallest
multiple of 24 that is greater than 999. This number is 1008.
Now, to find the sum of the digits of 1008:
1+0+0+8=9
Therefore, the sum of the digits of the smallest four-digit number divisible by both 6 and 8 is 9.

Q.75)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
The given sequence: ABC_BCD_CDABDA_C _BCD
We can break this sequence in five sets of 4 elements each.
On analysing it in this manner, we can see that the last element moves to the first position in a cyclic
manner.
The complete sequence is: ABCD BCDA CDAB DABC ABCD
Hence, option (d) is correct.

Q.76)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer.
When ABC is added to DEF

[21]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 212403 |
A B C

D E F

7 8 9

As C + F ends with 9, C + F = 9 (as 19,29 not possible for any C, F as digits)

As there is no carry from previous addition, B + E ends with 8.
Now for B + E = 18, only possibility is B = D = 9 (not possible as distinct digits)
So B + D = 8 which implies the A + D = 7.
This means A + B + C + D + E + F = 7 + 8 + 9 = 24.
Hence c is the correct option.

Q.77)
Ans) a
Exp) Option a is the correct answer.

Conclusion 1 is correct: Players selected in squad are certainly good players. Good players certainly have
good batting technique.
So this conclusion is followed as per the statement.
Conclusion 2 is incorrect: converse of statements cannot be called to hold. So as player without good
batting technique are not good players. This doesn't mean that players with good batting technique will
be good players.
This conclusion is incorrect.
Hence, option (a) is correct

Q.78)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
Conclusion 1 is incorrect: if B is true -> two cases either a can be true / false.
If A to be false, C has to be false. (statement 1 )
But if A is True, we have no judgement about C even if B is correct.

[22]
PTS 2025 | Solution | Test Code : 212403 |
This conclusion is not necessarily correct.
Conclusion 2 is incorrect: if E is false --> then we have no information as to what happens.
The conditional statements are read straight and cannot be inverted in their sense.
This conclusion is incorrect.
Hence, option (d) is correct

Q.79)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is incorrect: only one face colored faces are the face on the surface but not on the edge.
So on a face of 6 x 6 there are (n-2) x (n- 2) 4x4 = 16 such faces. So 3 faces of black color
Similarly for 5 x 5 no faces is 3 x3 = 9
Similarly for 4 x 4 number of faces each 2X2 = 4
So total = 16 +9 +4 = 29
So this statement is wrong
Statement 2 is correct: For one black and one white we need to select the cube Lying on the edges of
black and white faces.
there are six such edges to two each of 6 cm, 5 cm and 4 cm.
corner elements will be rejected so the number for they are three face painted.
So we take n-2 for each face ie for 6cm face – 4 , for 5 cm face- 3 , for 4 cm face – 2.
2 x (4 + 3 + 2) = 18
This statement is correct
Hence, option b correct.

Q.80)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer
Straight word
I N T E R C H A N G E A B L E N E S S
Reverse word:
S. S E. N E L B A E G N A H C R E T N I
Now we can easily compare the positions of each letter.
From this comparison, we can see that only the letters "A”, “G" and "A" remain unchanged in their
positions. Therefore, the correct answer is (d) three

[23]

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PTS 2025 - Test Code: 212403 - : General Studies Paper II

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PTS 2025 - Test Code: 212403 - : General Studies Paper II

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PTS 2025 | Test Code : 212403 |

DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

Maximum Marks: 200 Time Allowed: TWO HOURS

DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

Q.20) A and B work independently and can do Passage - 2

Passage – 2 Q.53) Which of the following statements best

Passage – 2 Q.63) Which of the following statements

2 sets of three of these points are collinear.

For the first box there are 3 ways (1,2,3)

As C + F ends with 9, C + F = 9 (as 19,29 not possible for any C, F as digits)

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