Exp_2
Exp_2
AIM: To design and simulation of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for Motor Control
using MATLAB.
Software Required: MATLAB
Theory:
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is a widely used technique for controlling the speed,
torque, and direction of motors, especially in DC motors, by modulating the power supplied to
the motor. Instead of continuously varying the voltage, PWM switches the motor’s power on and
off at a rapid rate, creating an average voltage that corresponds to the motor’s desired
performance.
Working:
PWM works by switching the voltage applied to the motor between on and off at a high frequency.
The fraction of the time the signal is "on" versus "off" within each cycle is known as the duty
cycle.
Duty Cycle: The duty cycle is the percentage of the period where the signal is "on." It
directly affects the average voltage delivered to the motor. It is defined as:
By adjusting the duty cycle, the motor's speed or torque can be precisely controlled without the
need for complex and inefficient analog voltage regulation.
Simulink Diagram:
Result:
Application of PWM in Motor Control:
High Efficiency: Since PWM operates in fully on or off states, minimal power is wasted
as heat, making it highly efficient.
Smooth Motor Operation: By adjusting the duty cycle, the motor's speed can be
smoothly controlled without introducing electrical noise or large voltage variations.
Precise Control: PWM allows fine-tuning of motor speed or torque by adjusting the duty
cycle in small increments.
Reduced Heating: Because the switching elements in PWM circuits dissipate less energy
compared to linear voltage control methods, the motor and power electronics produce less
heat, improving reliability.