SCIENCE REVIEWER • Cell Model – a diagram depicting the
different parts and functions of a cell, the
basic unit of life.
LESSON 1: THE IMPORTANCE OF MODEL IN
SCIENCE
• Solar System Model – a representation of
the sun, planets, and other celestial bodies
• Solar System – a representation of the in our solar system
planets
• Food Chain Model – a diagram illustrating
• Blueprint – a plan to build a house the flow of energy between organism in an
ecosystem
• Atom – the basic unit of matter
• Limitations of Models:
• Globe – a three-dimensional model of
earth, representing continents, oceans, and 1. Oversimplification
geographical features. 2. Scale issue
3. Assumption
• Liquid – incompressible fluid that conforms
to the shape of its container. • Oversimplification – models can leave out
some details so make them easier to
• Science – the pursuit and application of understand
knowledge and understanding of the natural
and social world following a systematic • Scale Issue – models may not accurately
methodology based on evidence. represent the size of the real object or
phenomenon
• Model – a simplified depiction of a real-life
phenomenon. It might take the form of a • Assumption – models are based on certain
tangible item, a visual representation, a assumption and if those assumptions are
digital model, or even a mathematical wrong, the model’s predictions may be
formula. inaccurable
• Why are models important in science? LESSON 2.1: THE PARTICLE MODEL
1. Understand the Unseen • The Particle Model – is a scientific concept
2. Making Predictions that state that all matter is made up of small
3. Testing Ideas particle called atom
4. Communication and Collaboration
• States of Matter – (1) Gas (2) Liquid (3)
• Understand the Unseen – models enable Solid
the learners to virtually perceive and
investigate abstract concept that are beyond • Atoms – the building block or the
our ordinary sensory perception. fundamental unit of matter
• Making Predictions – scientist make use of • Motion – in particle model, these little
models to predict the behavior of objects or particles are in _______.
system under varying circumstances
• Temperature – the most significant factor
• Testing Ideas – models are utilized to influencing particle motion
experimentally evaluate scientific theories
within a regulated setting
• when the temperature INCREASES, particle
gain more energy, causing them to move
• Communication and Collaboration – faster
models serve as a universal means for
scientist to successfully express
• when the temperature DECREASES,
complicated concepts
particles will slow down in movement.
• Examples of Models in Science:
• Solid – in this state of matter, particles are
tightly packed and vibrate in place having
1. Globe
very low kinetic energy. The movement is
2. DNA Model
minimal because the particles are closely
3. Cell Model
bonded
4. Solar System Model
5. Food Chain Model
• Liquid – in this state of matter, particles
have more kinetic energy and are not as
• Globe - a three-dimensional model of earth,
tightly packed as in solids. They can move
representing continents, oceans, and
around each other, allowing the liquid to
geographical features
flow.
• DNA Model – a simplified representation of
• Gas – in this state of matter, particles have
the structure of a deoxyribonucleic acid
high kinetic energy and move freely in all
molecule, the blueprint of life.
directions, filling any container they're in.
THE SPACES BETWEEN PARTICLES
• Solids - particles are tightly packed
together in a fixed, orderly arrangement.
The spaces between them are minimal,
which makes solids rigid and maintains their
shape
• Liquid - The spaces between the particles
are slightly larger, allowing liquids to flow
and take the shape of their container while
maintaining a constant volume.
• Gas - particles are far apart from each
other, with much larger spaces between
them compared to solids and liquids. This
large distance allows gases to expand and
fill the entire volume of their container, and
they can be compressed easily.
• Intermolecular Forces - are the word used
by scientists to describe these attractive
interactions between particles.
STRENGTH OF ATTRACTION AND THE STATE
OF MATTER
• Solid - The attraction between the particles
in this matter is comparatively strong.
• Liquid – the attraction between this particle
have a lesser attraction.
• Gas – the least strong particle-to-particle
attraction occurs in this state of matter.
