THE CALLING OF HEALTH CARE THE QUALITIES, RESPONSIBILITIES OF

PROVIDER THE GOOD HEALTH CARE PROVIDER TO

THE CLIENT SOCIETY AND PROFESSION
Health care profession

 Health care provider and professional a person - Health care Profession provides services related to:
who delivers proper health care in the systematic  Preservation or improvement of the health of
way in health care services. individal

 Client- consumer seeking determination at health  Treatment or care of individuals who are
disease continuum sick,injured,harmed disabled or infirmed.

 Health profession – aperson who helps

identifying ,preventing and treating disease Health care professionalism

Certification for health care provider is needed in terms Profession –public declaration with force of promise
of being a health professional. that he members will act in a certain way and may
discipline those who fail to do so.
Physicians, nurses,physicatl therapists etc..
 It is also a society as a social benefits and society
Health care provider-client relationship. accepts it and expecting it to serve impt social goal.

 Establishing professional relationship and  Code of ethics which specify the obligations arising
maintaining appropriate boundaries. from this fiduciary duty.

 It is based on trust respect and therapeutic

relationship. Professionalism
 Altruism-health care professional is obligated to
 When the nurse crosses a bounderies with the attend the best interset of patients rather than self
clients –unprofessional manner such as interest.
dating,physical contact favoritism,coercion,gift
giving  Accountability-accountable and liable for
patients,society and issurs on public health and to
 Self assessment and seeking help from colleague- profession
enable to clarify bounderies of therapeutic
relationship.  Excellence-health care professionals are obligated
to commit to life long learning
 Nurses must be straightforward and honet which is
termed as therapeutic genuineness in their  Duty-health professional should be
interactions with clients. available,responsive and accepts commitment to
service
Key terms:
 Honor and integrity- health care professional should
Client- composed of individual and families who be committed to being fair, tactful and
require nursing expertise straightforward in their interactions with patients
and profession.
Boundary-dynamic line of demarcation in the nurse-
client relationship  Respect for others- for patients, family and other
members of health team.
Abuse- betrayal of trust,misuse of power imbalance
between nurse and client.
Medical ethics VIRTUES, VICES AND HABITS OF A
 Physician’s deceptions and violations of patient HEALTH CARE PROVIDER
confidentiality
 Rights of patients and surrogates in retaining life
sustaining treatments NATURE OF MAN
 Drugs experiments to children  Man is made to attain happiness through the pursuit
 Dementedor dying clients of moral good or the practice of virtue.
 Incompetent and dsperate patients
 Bias- free definition of heatlh , death ,diseae and  According to St. Augustine, virtue is good quality
treatment of the mind by which one lives rightly, which no
 Removing viable organs from patients who are one badly and which God works in us but without
brain dead us.
 Ground for fetal testing, selection and abortion
 Involuntary hospitalization and treatment VIRTUE
 Conflicts of interests between physician and  Means MANLINESS i.e. strength, courage
employers.public and private
 Is a kind of disposition, ability, or habit inclining
Health care professions and society man to think and act correctly, to follow what is
 Increase scope and costs of hospital medicine have right and to avoid what is evil.
prompted restraint and rationing in drug
prescriptions,elective surgery,inpatient hospital  Virtue are not passing feelings or emotions. They
stays,outpatient services are not single acts of generosity or piety or
resignation, for such acts may be performed by
sinners.
Quality of health care provider
 Open- accepts need for joint planning and decision  Virtue involves a habit, a constant effort to do
related to health care in particular situation things well in spite of obstacles and difficulties.

 Not resistant to change

VIRTUE OF A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER
 Tactful-does not embarrass but gives constructive
criticism QUESTION- in order to act righteously, what are the
unities necessary for a health worker to process.
 Coordinator-brings consonance and harmony in
health care activity FIDELITY faithfulness, related to trust, nurses keeps
the promise, and interest of patients first in his mind.
 Objective-unbiased and unfair decision making
HONESTY- truthfulness, it is testing the aeg., family,
 Good listener-available for clients to voice out colleagues and society, the truth about an ilness,
sentiments and needs

 Efficient- knowledgeable about everything relevant TWO APPROCHES TO TRUTH TEACHING

to practice
PERSON-CENTERED
 Flexible- able to cope with different situation  considers the patient’s problems illness/conditions.
 physician may not tell the truth when it is for the
 Critical thinker- decides on what has been best interest of the aeg.
analyzed.
INTEGRITY
 ”Wholeness” acting the same way on and believes
he should act.

HUMILITY
 recognizing one’s capabilities and limitations.
 doing one’s best and asking for help if needed.
 accepting deserved praise graciously and denying
undeserved praise.
COMPASSION VICES WHICH OPPOSE FORTITUDE
 a loving kindness
 a feeling for those who suffer PRIDE
 a self- sacrifice voluntarily given for the benefit of  in ordinate self- esteem, conceit, behavior of
another or given with/without hope in return. superiority over others.

PRUDENCE GREED
 foresight  inordinate exquisiteness
 habitual deliberate creation and circumspection in
action. LUST
 taking into consideration all other  the strong physical desire to have sex with
circumstances/consequences before acting. somebody. Usually without associated feelings of
 to consider how the deferent options may effect love or affection.
others in making decisions.
HATRED
COURAGE  feeling of intense hostility towards somebody or
 doing what one sees as right without undue fear or something. Compound anger
standing up against one sees wrong even if it means
standing up alone. VANITY
 quality of having vain. Something of no real worth,
JUSTICE exercise pride.
 It signifies fairness which also give to each one
what he deserved.
BASIC ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
FORTITUDE
 endurance or courage in the face of pain or PRINCIPLE OF STEWARDSHIP
adversity.- it is moral strength.
TWO GIFTS- EARTH AND HUMAN NATURE
TEMPERANCE  EARTH- all creations made by god
 it is virtue that moderates desire and passions.
 HUMAN- human nature biological psychological,
VICES social and spiritual.
 authority and power of the health care provider over
the vulnerable aeg., the respect he gets from society,
the development of vices.  IMAGO DEI- in the image and likeness of God.

 LIMITED DOMAIN- in all creation of god and

VICES WHICH OPPOSE PRUDENCE responsible for its care.

FRAUD  GIFT OF LIFE AND NATURAL

 the use of deception for the unlawful pain. ENVIRONMENT- we should respect for their
 someone who is not what he or she pretends to be. intrinsic ends.

CARELESSNESS  GIFT OF CREATIVITY- used to cultivate nature

 light-hatred, carefree, casual, indifferent, and environment
thoughtless, negligent

STUBBORNNESS PRINCIPLE OF INTEGRITY

 hard to work with, difficult to dealt with.  Refers to each individual’s duty to ‘preserve a view
of the whole human person in which the values of
the intellect, will, conscience, and fraternity are pre-
VICES WHICH OPPOSE JUSTICE eminent’

SUPERSTITIIOUS PRINCIPLE OF TOTALITY

 Refers to the duty to preserve intact physical
DISRESPECT components of the integreted bodily and spiritual
 non payment of legitimate debts. nature of human life, whereby every part of the
human body “exists for the sake of the whole as the
imperfect for the sake of the perfect”
 PRINCIPLE OF DISPROPORTIONATE MAJOR BIOETHICAL PRINCIPLES
means- part of a human body may be sacrifice for
the survival of the body. Respect for Autonomy
 Any notion of moral decision making assumes that
rational agents are involved in making informed
PRINCIPLES OF FORMAL AND MATERIAL and voluntary decisions. In health care decisions,
COOPERATION our respect for the autonomy of the patient would,
 Moralist have long recognized that under many in common parlance, mean that the patient has the
circumstances, it would be impossible for an capacity to act intentionally, with understanding,
individual to do good in the world, without being and without controlling influences that would
involved to some extent in evil. mitigate against a free and voluntary act. This
principle is the basis for the practice of "informed
 COOPERATION- was developed by the catholic consent" in the physician/patient transaction
moral tradition to help individual distance regarding health care.
themselves from evil. To avoid worst evil and attain
important good.
Principle of Nonmaleficence
 The principle of nonmaleficence requires of us that
FORMAL COOPERATION we not intentionally create a needless harm or
 Cooperation occurs when a person or organization injury to the patient, either through acts of
freely participates in the action of a principal agent, commission or omission. In common language, we
or shares in the agent intention either for its own consider it negligence if one imposes a careless or
sake or as a means to some other goal. unreasonable risk of harm upon another. Providing
a proper standard of care that avoids or minimizes
 IMPLICIT-formal cooperation occurs when even the risk of harm is supported not only by our
though the cooperator denies intending the object of commonly held moral convictions, but by the laws
the principal agent, the cooperating person of society as well. In a professional model of care
participates in the action directly and in such way one may be morally and legally blameworthy if one
that it cnt be done without this participation. fails to meet the standards of due care. The legal
criteria for determining negligence

IMMEDIATE MATERIAL COOPERATION

Principle of Beneficence
 Occurs when the coperator participates in  The ordinary meaning of this principle is the duty
circumstances that are essential to the commission of health care providers to be of a benefit to the
of an act,such that the act could not occur without patient, as well as to take positive steps to prevent
this participation. and to remove harm from the patient. These duties
are viewed as self-evident and are widely accepted
as the proper goals of medicine. These goals are
MEDIATE MATERIAL COOPERATION applied both to individual patients, and to the good
 Occurs when the cooperator participates in of society as a whole. For example, the good health
circumstances that are not essential to the of a particular patient is an appropriate goal of
commission of an action, such that the action could medicine, and the prevention of disease through
occur even without this cooperation. research and the employment of vaccines is the
same goal expanded to the population at large.
PRINCIPLE OF DOUBLE EFFECT
 An action that is good in tself that has two effects  It is sometimes held that nonmaleficence is a
an intended and otherwise not reasonably attainable constant duty, that is, one ought never to harm
good effect,and an unintended yet forseen evil another individual. Whereas, beneficence is a
effect is licit provided there is a due proportion limited duty. A physician has a duty to seek the
between the intended good and the permitted evil. benefit of any or all of her patients, however, the
physician may also choose whom to admit into his
PRINCIPLE OF SUBSIDIARITY or her practice, and does not have a strict duty to
 Often considered a COROLLARY OF THE benefit patients not acknowledged in the panel. This
PRINCILE of the common good, subsidiarity duty becomes complex if two patients appeal for
require those in positions of authority to recognize treatment at the same moment. Some criteria of
that individuals have a right to participat in decision urgency of need might be used, or some principle of
that irectky affect them,in accord with there dignity first come first served, to decide who should be
and with there responsibility to the common good. helped at the moment.
The Principle of Justice
 Justice in health care is usually defined as a form of
fairness, or as Aristotle once said, "giving to each
that which is his due." This implies the fair
distribution of goods in society and requires that we
look at the role of entitlement. The question of
distributive justice also seems to hinge on the fact
that some goods and services are in short supply,
there is not enough to go around, thus some fair
means of allocating scarce resources must be
determined.

 It is generally held that persons who are equals

should qualify for equal treatment. This is borne out
in the application of Medicare, which is available to
all persons over the age of 65 years. This category
of persons is equal with respect to this one factor,
their age, but the criteria chosen says nothing about
need or other noteworthy factors about the persons
in this category. In fact, our society uses a variety
of factors as a criteria for distributive justice,
including the following:

CRITERIA FOR DISTRIBUTION OF JUSTICE

 to each person an equal share
 to each person according to need
 to each person according to effort
 to each person according to contribution
 to each person according to merit
 to each person according to free-market
exchanges