| Binomial Distribution ysINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION P(r)="C, Pre g" i .. exactl rofind the probability ofthe happening ofan event once, twice, thrice, 7 times ~~ 0 utils. ietthe probability of the happening ofan event d in one trial be p and itsprotability ofnot happening be 1 —p =. Weassume that there are n trials and the happening of the event A is r times and its not happening jgn-rtimes, AA, r times n—r times (1) Aindicates its happening, A its failure and P(A)=pand P(A)=q. We see that (1) has the probability PP ows P cree aa 2) rtimes —n—r times é Clearly (1) is merely one order of arranging r 4's. The probability of (1) =p" q*-" x Number of different arrangements of rA’s and (n—r) A's. ‘The number of different arrangements of rA’s and (n—r) A's * Probability of the happening ofan event rtimes *C_ Pr + gr Por Pr gh (r= 01,2, = (r+ Ith term of (q+ pyr It "= 0. probability of happening of an event 0 times ae ="C, gtp=g » Probability ofhappening ofan event I time =*C qr 1 323————EEEEE— tion to Engineering Mathematics — "CGP P Introduct If r= 2; probability of happening of an event 2 times = If r= 3, probability of happening of an event 3 times = "Cd and so on, These terms are clearly the successive terms in the expansion of (g +P)". Hence it is called Binomial Distribution. Example 1. Find the probability of getting 4 heads 1 Solution. p= 4a 2 n= Gr a4. ‘We know that in6 tosses of a fair coir. Example 2, Ion an average one ship in every ten is wrecked, find the probability that outof Ships expected to arrive, 4 at least will arrive safely. Solution. Out of 10 ships, one ship is wrecked. i:é,, Nine ships out of ten ships are safe. P (safety) = 0 P(At least 4 ships out of 5 are safe) = P (4 or 5)= P(4) + P(S) verewored( HG) (2) (242)22(9), “ (3) (s*0) Ai) ~ Example3. The overall percentage of failures in a certain examination is 20. If six candidates appear in the examination, what is the probability that atleast five pass the examination? 20 1 Solution. Probability of failures = 20% = 755 =-5 14 Probability ofpass (P)= 1-5=5 Probability of at least five pass =. P(5 or 6) = P(S) + P(6) = °C,P’g+*C,Peg® QO) -l8s}6) = 0.65536 Ans.pistribution 325 fe 4. Ten percent of screws produced in a certain factory turn out to be defective. Find (a probability that ina sample of 10 screws chosen at random, exactly two will be defective. 1 9 ststion P=TQ> 0 9= 55,10, r=2 PO)="C, Prager ronal) (a) SSC) (S) = +f 5 y 1937 A 2 io. : ns. Example 5. The probability hata man aged 60 wil lve to be 70 is 0.65. What isthe probability that out of 10 men, now 60, atleast 7 will live to be 70? Solution. The probability that a man aged 60 will live to be 70 =p =0.65 9= l-p=1-0,65=0.35 ‘Number of men 10 Probability that at least 7 men (7 or 8 or 9 or 10 ) will live to 70 = P(1)+P(8)+ P() + P(10) = Cg p+ MC pt + Cg p+ plo 10x9%8 9 5059 a7 10X90 * 0 Tea (0.35)' (0.65) caieal (0.35)'(0.65)* +10(0.35) (0.65)’ + (0.65) u (0.65)'[ 120 (0.35)'+ 45 (0.35) (0.65) + 10 (0.35) (0.65) + (0.65) (0.65) = 125120 » (0.07)'+ 45 x (0.07} (0.13) + 100.07) 0.13) + (0.13)) 0.04902 x 125 [0.04 + 0.028665 + 0.011830 + 0.002197) = 6.1275 x 0.083852 = 0.5138 Ans, Frample 6, 1/ 10% of bolts produced by a machine are defective. Determine the probability % that out of 10 bolts, chosen at random (i) 1 (ii) none (iii) at most 2 bolts will be defettive. 0 Solution. Probability of defective bolts = p = 10% Probability ofnot defective bolts = q=1-p Total number of bolts = n= 10 (0 Probability of 1 defective bolt (ii Probability that none is defective 1g "°C, (0.1)' (0.99 =0.3874 Probability of 0 defective bolt P(0)="C, (0.1) 0.9)" "°C, 0.1) (0.9) = 0.1937 PO or Lor 2) P(0) + P(1) + P(2)= 0.3487 + 0.3874+ 0.1937 = 0.9298 Ans. 0 0.3487 (iti) Probability of 2 defective Probability of at most 2 defective 0————E————— a Introduction to Engineering Mathematics ~ Example 7. i die is throvn 8 times and itis required to find the probability hat 3 will shoy) (i) Exactly 2 times (ii) At least seven times (iil) At least once. Solution, The probability of throwing 3 ina single trial = P = 3 The probability of not throwing 3 in a single trial ae5 (i) P (getting 3, exactly 2 times) yt 5 ( 1) 28x5* ="C,q¢ p? =28(2) (4) = an (5) 6 e (ii) P (Getting 3, atleast seven times) = P(getting 3, at 7 or 8 times) = P(7) + P(8) = *C,q'p? + CaP = 922) (2) att = (3) (3) é (iii) P (getting 3 at least once) = P (getting 3, at 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 times) = P(1)+P(2) + P(3) + 'PA)+ P(S) + P(6) + P(7) + PCB) = P(Q) + P(1) + P(2)+ P(3)+ PA) + P(S) + P(6) + P(7) + P(8)- PO) =1-P(0)=1- "Cg p (J : 6 ‘Example 3 An underground mine has 5 pumps installed for pumping out storm water, the) 78 1 probability of any one of the pumps failing during the storm is. What is the probability that (i) at least 2 pumps will be working; (i) all the pumps will be working during a particular storm ? Solution. (i) Probability of pump failin; 1 Probability of pump working = !-g=g> P=5, 9=5, "=5 (i) P (Atleast 2 pumps working) = P (2or3 or 4 or S pumps working) = P(2)+P(3)+P(4) + P(S) 2G PPP HC, PE HC Hg CDE 0 -GO-OOG] 1 x = ge ll0% 49 +10%343 + 5% 2401 +16807] 1 8183 2 as 32732 pe 190 +3430 + 12005 +16807] = 8192 (i P(Allthe 5 pumps working = P(3) =*C,p'g? -2) y _ 16807 32768 1 af Ans. (i) 3 (59768ro : pote" i, _ssuming that 20 %of the population ofa city are literate: so thatthe chance of i . ot ra can individual being literate is and assuming that 100 investigators each take 10 individuals to see whether they are literate, how many investigators prould you expect fo report 3 or less were literate. (AMLE.TE., ‘Summer 2000) 1 penn l0 oo # goles) ~ PCO ee a or 3)=P (+ P(I)+PQ+*PO. rel eS eG) sles) (3) 23(3) +36) sists) = (J [(0.8)' +2(0.8)? +1.8(0.8) +0.96] = 0.2097152 [0.512 + 1.28 + 1.44+ 0.96] = 0,2097152. x 4.192 = 0.879126118" °F" aquired number of investigators = 0.879126118 x 100 = 87.9126118 = 88 approximate Ans. ample 10. Write two-three areas where binomial distribution is applied. The probability of entering student in chartered accountant will be graduate 0.5. Determine the probability that out of 10 students () none (i) one or (ii) at least one will graduate. (RGPY, Bhopal, Dec., 2003) Salution, Given, the probability of an entering student in chartered aécountant will graduate is p=0.5 ‘The probability of an entering student in charactered accountant will not graduate isq=0.5. ‘Therefore (© The probability of none will graduate out of 10 students Cp" g!?= °C, (0.5) (0.5) 765625 « 10 Ans, (ii) The probability of exactly one student will graduate out of 10 students. P(1) = "C, (0.5) (0.5)? = 10 * 0.5 * (0.5) 165625 * 10? Ans. (iii) The probability of at least one will graduate out of 10 students P (Atleast one) = 1 - (probability of none will graduats) i = 1-9,765625 * 104= 0.99 Ans. ‘Xample 11, Assuming half the population of a town consumes chocolates and that 100 investigators each take 10 individuals to see whether they are-consumers, how ‘many investigators would you expect to report that three people or less consumers? Ce Sou ‘ution. The chance for.an individual to be consumer is,ener 328 Introduction to Engineering Mathematics ~ i yes patel The chance of not being a consumer = 7 2 1,2 and 3 successes. Here we have to find the probabilities of 0, P(rs3) = P(0)+P (1) + P)* PO) Pt MC gop CaP TMC, TP OREOLO Rel ummclcy 1y" ane (3) [1+10+45+120]=7954 " “The number of investigators to report that three or less people . 176 ——x 100 =17.2 Biven bY i094 Hence, 17 investigators would report that 3 or less people are consumers, Example 12, For special security in acertain protected area, it was decided to put three lighting ‘bulbs on each pole. Ifeach bulb has a probability p of burning out in the first 100 hours of service, calculate the probability that at least one of them is still good after 100 hours. : If P=0.3, how many bulbs would be needed on each pole o ensure 99 Psafe 's0 that at least one is good after 100 hours ? Solution. Probability of burning out in the first 100 hours of service =p = 0.3 Probability of working good in the first 100 hours q= 1-p =1- 03=07 (@ Probability that at least one of them is still good after 100 hours GaP GE + ar vail BGg! PC a POG ED+C, MPIC EP = Lp? =1-(0.3)? = 1 0.027 =0.973 Ans, Let the number of bulbs required be n. P(At least one bulb is good) = 1-p" - 03)" or (0.3) =1- 0.99 (03)"= 0.01 or log( 0.3 = log 0.01 1og0.01 2.000 ~ log0.01 .. , _ 2.000 _ ~2.000 Tog03 “ET sya 73:8 = 4 Bulbs Ans n log 0.3 = 10g 0.01 or n = Example 13. The probability that a bomb dropped from a plane will strike the target is six bombs are dropped, find the probability that: @ Exactly two will strike the target, (ii) At least two will strike the target. (R.GP.V., Bhopal, II Semester, Feb. 2006).yr 329 pistribution Here, P= iF wo owthat POO) =4C, 9 Ly (4? 256.) _ 768. P)=°C, (3) =15( BE 3125 Pat least 2) = P (2,3, 4, 5,6) we =P(2)+P (3) +P (4) +P (5)+P 6), a =P(0)+P (1) +P (2) +P (3) +P (4) + P(5) +P (6) (0) — a =1~[P)+P (1) : Pay |_| so96. tak 4 (4 4096 ¢( 1024 “['s() (3) + (5)] [S(t 10240 _ 5385°_1077 Tepe oe 2 03dd64 15625 - 15625 ~ 3125 Hence (OP =0.24576 (iy p= 034464 Ans. EXERCISE 10.1 1, If 20% of the bolts produced by a machine are defective, determine the Probability that out of 4 bolts © chosen at random @! wo, (©) Atmost 2 ‘bolts will be defective, Ans, 02» (oO - Av insurance salesman sells policies to § en, all of identical age ji Ae teal to the ‘Star tables the probability that a man of| ‘hs particular age will be ative 39 years hence is 2 ping ‘probability that in 30 years, (@) Ans, ‘men, (b) Atleast 3 men. (©) Only 2 men Mat least Iman Will be alive, 2 , Ans. (o) 2 oe (22 Assuming Binomial distribution, fi id the probz i at 243 jae St find the probability of obtaining at least two “six in rolling a fair die g ‘een un a ‘SUccessive trial. are independent ‘and the : Probability of success on any 1296 Mth sucess cea on the mth til is eps arte Probability PU-py n2123)).aa Introduction to Engineering Matherhatics ~ 1 1 following scheme : A fair coin is tossed; ifthe he coin falls tal, a red ball is placed in urn, (7) ite balls ? (i) What is the probability that the 8. Consider an urn in which 4 balls have been placed by th coin falls head, a white ball is placed in the urn, and if t ‘What is the probability that the urn will contain exactly 3 wl urn will contain exactly 3 red balls, given that the first ball placed was red? ‘Ans.(i) 4, (ia) 3) 9. Abox contains 10serews, 3 of which are defective. Two serews are drawn atrandom without replzcemen Find the probability that none of the two screws is defect" 10. Out of 800 families with four children each, how many families woult : > (2 boys and 2 girls; (ii) at least one bo} ii) no gil; (Gy) a mom owe Baie Assume equal probabilities for boys and girls. ‘Ans. (i) 300, (ii) 750, (iii) 50, (iv) 550) 11. Ina hurdle race, a player has to cross 10 hurdles. -Thd probability that he will clear each hurdle is 56, ° ‘What is the probability that he will knock down less than 2 hurdles ? Ans. 3 ( 3) ) 3X6 12. Anelectronic component consists of three parts. Each part has probability 0.99 of performing satisfactorily, ‘The component fails if 2 or more parts do not perform satisfactorily. Assuming that the parts perform, independently, determine the probability that the component does not perform satisfactorily. ‘Ans. 0.000298 meh 14. The probability that on, joining Engineering College, a student will successfully complete the course of 13. Find the binomial distribution whose mean is 5 and v: 3 studies is - Determine the probability that out of 5 students joining the College (D none and (i) a least two will successfully complete the course, 32. j,, 2853 Ans. (i) = (ii) == 0 305 305 15. A carton contains 20 fuses, 5 of which are defective. Three fuses are chosen at random and inspected. ‘What is the probability that at most one defective fuse is found. Ans. 2 16. A bag contains three coins, one of which is coined with two heads, while the other two coins are normal and not biased. A coin is thrown at random from the bag and tossed three times in succession. If heads) turn up each tinie, what is the probability that this is the two-headed coin ? 4 Ans. 75 17. In sampling a large number of parts manufactured by a machine, the mean number of defectives in a sample of 20 is 2. Out of 1,000 such samples, how'many would be expected to contain at least 3 defective parts ? ‘Ans, 324 18, The incidence of occupational disease in an industry is such that the workers have 20% chi fering from it. What isthe probability that out of 6 workers 4 or more wil cach the disease ? aa 3) (AME, Winter 2005) Ams. 3795 | 19. If the probability of hitting a target is 10% and 10 shots are fired inde i ity, that the target will be hit at least once ? independently, what is the probabilit "i Ans. 1- (0.9)10 = 0.65 nearly,1 Distribution 110,000 random digits, 331 ro find the probability p that the digit 3 appears at most 950 times, : é (A.M.LE., Summer 2003) pir coin is tossed 400 times. Using normal Approximation to + A gwill occur (a) more than 180 ti 1 the binomial, find the probability that a ir (A.M.LE. Winter 2004) losses showing 0, 1,2, 3 and 4 heads were found to be observed results. Find the expected frequencies, No.ofheads, | 9 | | Seals ; No. of tosses: 15 35 0 a Aprouctis 05 percent defective ands packedincantonsol 100. What perce % Tyan 3 defective, ifina lot if 500 solenoids 25 are defective, ind the probability of O and 3 defe sample of 20 solenoids, 4, nabombing action theres 50% chance that any bomb destroy the target completely. How many bombeae require of completely destroying the (RG. angel, 4, 1f3% of the electric bulbs manufact lured by a company are defective, find the Probabilities that in a sample of 100 bulbs, there are 5 defective bulbs, Ans. 0.1008 10.2 MEAN OF BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION (A.M. LET. E, Winter 2002, ‘Summer 2000, A.M.ILE., Winter 2002) (4D = a + °C, gp 4c, grt pt PEEP CQ De ph Successes r Frequency f Product rf 0 ¢ 0 1 agp ng™'p n(n-!) 2 sel “et n(n-1) pg =D (n=2) =I) (n= 3 n(n Da ) ap nw De 2) pops Ws n eo Efr snq™ p+n(n-1q"pt OH) a tn p ‘fr=nq™ p q 2 nl 4D pot OD ORD) esas oy ! Mm 2 =np(q+py"! =np (ince q+ p= 1) Ef = gh tng™'py2@aD grr ps =(q + py =i (since q+ p=l) Hence, Ans,832 Introduction to Engineering Mathematics ~ iy 103 STANDARD DEVIA’ )F BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION : N \TION 01 (A. M.LET. E. Winter 2002, AM.LLE., Winter 2002) Successes r “Frequency f Product rf 0. a) o 1 ng™p age 2 202), aD gp 2n@=Daqrte once: ~)@-2) es 4 nin=D(0=2) iy | nn nt D gt3p 6 n n We know that ote (ery wa) Ef (EF rris the deviation of items (successes) from 0. Efal, Efren Lyre = O%ng™ pt 2n(n= gh p? + MOI Dp 4 ph 5 nptgt t+ ZOD get SOD ORD) sg emp H] 1 Beg A ODD grapt at ph! = pig" + / p@cdap 2(n—D(0=2) ys 1! 2! (n-1) (2-2) 39 = nolo FOn—D gpa Pt... po! Pt. (n=l) pt servo GP #02) gps DOD grap? soto }] = mp q+ py" +(n=1)p q+ py") = np (1+ (n-1)p] = np (np +(l-p) J=nplnp + q] = Putting these values in (1), we have np? + npq 252 Variance =o" = aeenet S.D.=0 = \npq Hence for the binomial distribution, Mean=np, 1, =@=npq Example 14, Find the first four moments of the binomial distribution. (A.M.L.E., Sumnier 2000 Solution. First moment about the origin= np (q+ p)"=np Thus, the mean of the Binomial distribution is np. second moment about the origin SStopee =f [P=re-lh+n = Dire-peryre, pg = Era Ga Sec, par | 7 - Hel. 4D) er = 1 FLA Din=2). Ey r nar+) nor rg = nin=p pr, = 2Kn=3). vgn =D! § py tnd. laine aD DrveN=F+D. om =D ae = nn DP @+p)"? + mp (qt py = n(n-\)p+np Thitd moment about the origin wedi'crer Wet P = Arr —1)(r -2)4 Br(r-1)+ Cr By putting r =1,2, 3, we getA=1, B=3, C=1] w= Dlr De-2,4300-DeH}'G, pra = Yrr-10r-2) "c, pig" $3 OIC, Ba AY 0, prgrr % ; & E oadIntroduction to Engineering Mathematics — 1 HYIP Denln—Deea9 PAD pe ger HOH =2)- n(n DnB =P HD) rt + 3 octane (nar) gtr Ns n(n—1(n- 2) =3).r00(A—P +1) ar «ft (3)! va = Wa Wn-2) P'S Ga PPT? +I D PD, Ga Pe amd "C,, pg" m =n(n—1)(n-2) Pat py 3 nr— DPGt PY? + mgt PY =n(n-1)(n=2) p+3n(n—- lp tmp Fourth Moment we DG parr - / [Let r4 = Ar (7-1) (4-2) (7-3) + Br(r= 1) (7-2) * Cr(r —1) + Dr By putting r= 1, 2, 3,4, we getA= 1, B= 6,C= 7, D= 1] py = rrr 2KF-3) "C, Brg £3 6r(r-10r-2°C, a” S = In(r-1)""C, p'g"” ‘> 3 “Cpa” mt m . z r(r-I(r-2)(r—-3)-n(n = D).....(n =F +1) pd rt 46 METER) nl Dn MPD prgre ms r! rt "7 z rte Wintn—Duit 335 | 2 MDA B— 8 =r) ro / ay (r=4)! | I n(n=N(n~2)(n-3)...( y | +6, oe ght | n(n=I(n=2)...(n=r+1) va +7 i om n(n=1).u(n (r=) em) ed rt) org 42 | = mn WXn=2K1-3)C, p'gl* 46nln— Kn-2C,..-'a"™ a s | | 4D Cp SC page | =n(n—1)(n~2) (n—-3) prt py + 6n(n— 1(n-2) pq +1)" | + In(n-1)p (g +r)" + mp (gery | = n(n=1)(n-2) (n—3) pt + 6n (n— 1)(n—2) p+ In (n — 1) pet Mp (CENTRAL MOMENTS : (Moments about the mean) | Now, the first four central moments are obtained as follows: seond Central Moment | wre — B= La (a1 )p? + mp] =n pt = np [(n-1) p+ 1-np] = np (1- p)= npg | Veriance of Binomial distribution is: mpg | Third Central Moment | Baby 3H! + 2p} | = {n(n-1)(n—2)p + 3n(n—1) p+ mp} —3{ np? + pq) np} +2 mp? = np(-3npi+ 3np+ 2p'— 3p + 1-3npq] np ( 3np(1-p )+ 2p* - 3p + 1-3npq] = mp (3npq + 2p*—3p + 1-3 npq |= np [ 2p? — 3p + 1] = mpl 2p?- 2p + gq] = np (-2p(1-p)+ 4] = mp(—2pq+ q)= npq(1- 2p) = npq(q-p) Fourth Central Moment | Bes wy 4 Hy + 6H "3a" | =n(m-1)(n-2)(n—3) ptt 6n (nL n-2) p> + In (n= 1) p* | +p ~4[n(n—1)(m-2) p+ 3n(n-1) p+ np | np j *6[n(n-1)p + mp] p?—3 nt ps | = np ((n-1)(n=2)(n-3 p+ 6(n-1)(n-2) + m1) | + 1-4 {n(n -1)(n-2)p'+3n(n—1) p+ np} 61m (n=1)p + np} np — 3m) pry = mp [(m- Gr? + Lin 6) p+ (6n?— 180+ 12) p+ Tnp— p+ 1 + (<4 + 12n— 8n) p43? —3n) p=4 np} + ((6n~ 612) P+ 6 n° pt) — 3 pr36 Introduction to Engineering Mathematics = 1) = np [CP —6 n+ In—6—4n? + 127° —8n-+ Gr? Gr? ~ 30?) p? | +n? —18n + 12-12? + 12n + 6m) p+ (Tn—7—4n) + I) = np [Gn—6) p+ (-6n+ 12) p?+(3n—7)p + II = np 3np = 6p’ 6n p? + 12 p° + 3np Tp + 1) = np(3np) ~3np'-6p? +6p? -3np* + 3np + 6p" - &P— p+ 1) = np[-3np*(1-p) +6 p(1-p)+3np (1 =p) 6 (I-p) + (1-p)] = np {-3np?q+6 pq +3npq—6pq +4 1=npq [-3np? + 6p" + 3np - 6p +1) i = npq[3np(1-p)-6p(1-p) +1] = pq [3npq - 6pq + 1) = mpq{ 1 +3(n-2)pq) 10.5. MOMENT GENERATING FUNCTIONS OF BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION ABOUT ORIGIN Ans, | M, () = E(e*)=E°C pir te "C.pey g*=(q + Per” we get Ma’ (1)=n(q+Pety'P et n(q +pytP Differentiating w. On putting + =0, we get 1,’ HY! = np Since M0) =e" MO nae ‘Moment generating function of the Binomial distribution about its mean (mm) = np is given by M,(@ =e™ MO M.() = e™gtpeyvaqet+pery ofc OPE et EE oe Pe e ao pyt > 4 pot = I pay + pa —P dayt Pag +P) ° e a Venetia tia gy Hag te 2 . “ t f f = Lenpa y+ npata~ ps +mpall+ Xn—2) pq) +. Equating the coefficients of like powers af ton both sides, we get... HW="p@ y= npg (q-P). Hy = npg [1 +3 (n— 2) pq} Hence the moment coefficient of skewness is [npg (q- py» = B= ur pay? "pq q-P y = B= é neq Coefficient of Kurtosis is given by npg 1+3pq (n=2)] _ B, (npqy*aputio” B37, ba J 15.if the probability of a defective bolt is 0.1, find (a) the mean (b) the standard deviation for the distribution bolts in a total of 400. jpn 404 P =0.1, Mean =np= 400 x 0.1= 40 standard deviation = npg = [400%0.101=0.1) = [400x0.1x 0.9 =20x 0.3=6 Ans, 1e 16. A die is tossed thrice. A success is getting 1 or 6 on a toss. Find the mean and {ee variance of the number of successes. oe n=3,p=~ Variance = npq= frample 17. If mean and variance ofa binomial distribution are 4 and 2 respectively, find the probability of (i) exactly 2 successes (ii) less than 2 successes (iii) at least 2 successes. (R.GPY, Bhopal, I Semester, June 2005) Solution. Meat => mp=4 (1) Variance npq=2 w (2) Dividing (2) by (1), we get npq _2 a i BEV Sq st — 252) Putting the value of p in (1), we get n=8 (i) Probability ofr successes ="C, pf g'-" yy? 1Vi gk 1 rarmtar(s) (5) ta(3) 32st (ii) P (less than 2 successes) = P(0) + P(1) ="C, pig $C, pg? 7 wa *83(3) “a8 {Gii) P (at Least 2 successes) = P(2) + P (3) +... + P (8) ~PO)+PO+PQ)+ PQ). PB) POPUL) a cy ~P(0)-P()=1-[P @) + PQ} =1-_9__ 247 age 56 256 TS seus Ans,we Introd to Engineering Mathematics — jj, Example 18. Fit a Binomial distribution for the following data and compare the theoretical frequencies with actual ones : x] 0 1 pia ears 4. [5 y |o2- [4 [| 20] 34] 22 18 (RGPV, Bhopal, Il Semester, June 2006) I Solution, x Do=f | fe | PHCeg Theoritical Frequency 0 2 0 | 3c, 0.568)" (0.432)°= 0.015 | 100x0.015= 1.5 1 14 14 | 2c, (0.568)! (0.432) =0.099 | 100 x 0.099 = 9.9 2 20 40 | *c, (0.568): (0.432) = 0.260_| 100% 0.260 = 26.0 3 34 02 | *c, (0.568) (0.4327 =0.342, | 100x0.342=34.2 4 2 38 | °C, (0.568)* (0.432) = 0.225 | 100 x 0.225 = 225 5 8 40 | 2c, (0.568y' (0.432) = 0.591 | » 100 0.0591 = 5.91 100 284 Ef =100, Ef x= 284 ‘Mean = ae = = 2.84 Mean = np = 2.84 Sp=284 = p= 568 q=1—p=1-0.568 = 0.432 Binomial Distribution = 100 (0.432 + 0.568)* Ans. 10.6 RECURRENCE RELATION FOR THE BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION By Binomial distribution, P(r)="C, p’ q"-" wl) (AME, Summer 2002) PUr+l)="C,,, piigre! (2) On dividing (2) by (1), we get Porth) "Cou BG PC, pd n(n—If(n (r+! PU+D nor _n-rp i PO) rela eee erg PO a EXERCISE 10.2 1. Fit a binomial distribution tothe following frequency data: oa oe ea eee i f 28 62 10 4 (U.P III Sem. Dec. 2004) | Ans. P(r) = "C,(0,00999y (0.99111) || i 6 @ o ) ” pstfoution 339 ye banks : in is biased s0 that a head ist ice as likely to occur asa tail. If the coin is tossed 3. times, the exactly 2 tails, is... O pop. of getting ° ility of getting number 5 exactly two times ‘he probability di i town 6 ins. The pobabiityto get gree than 4 appears at at once . what, one should be? in five throws of an unbiased die is.. @ (p Obsining 6 at least once in 4 throws of adie, (i ar (i obtaining doublesx atleast once in 24 throws with wo dic. ‘he probability of prod defective is ithe probably of iting target is $6 and 5 shots are fred independently, the probability that the target will be hit at least once ig. lucing a defective be 0 ~ «itis 0.1, The probability that out of 5 bolts one will be ig mand p are the parameters ofa binomial distibution the standard deviation is . (h, The mean, standard deviation of Binomial distibut 07 hte persons selected at random are stopped on astet, then the Probability that all of them were tom on Sunday is : (AMALE, Winter 2001) me (JO ton are_, 10 () The Binomial distribution of mean $ and variance 4° (0) The mean, standard deviation and skewness of binomial distribution are + and (AME, Summer 2001) (0. If three persons selected at random are stopped on a Street then the probability that all of them were bom on Sunday is, (MLE, Winter 2001) ; F Ams (a) 2, Oo POS, @ osoa(2) O)1-(95), (8) fnpg Ombre on, (2 15-1 3) ® mp,Jnpg (0 ry Teck V the correct answer : (©) ta coin is tossed 6 times in succession, the probability of getting atleast one head is © 64 (i) 382 (iti) 63164 @) 12 ‘coin is tossed until a tail appears or atthe most five times. Given thatthe tail does not appear on the fist two tosses, the probability thatthe ein avn be tossed 5 times, is O12 W315 G18 w@us Tha certain ‘manufacturing process itis known that on an average, | in every 100 items i hat is the Probability that 5 items are inspected before a. defective item is found? ( 0.0096 (0.96 Gi) 0.096 (i) none of these The probability that a marksman will bi 1 ne hit in 10 shots is ay" 1 1 © (3) woz Gi) 1- > @ 5 3 3 The Probability of having at least one t 6) is defective, Ne target is given as 5 “Then his Probability of at least @) None of these. ail in 4 throws with a coin is Is 1 o> i) = mu ie aE io wi.340 (J) Acoin is tossed 3 times. The probability of obtaining two heads will be @ : : w ; : Gi), (2. @) 8 coins are tossed simultaneously. The probability of getting atleast 6 heads is 7 229 Hee 9) ae OG ( 6" Wid) ) 356 (i) Three unbiased coins are tossed simultaneously. This is repeated four times. The probability of getting at least one head each time is of of) ool) (@ _Inrolling two fair dice, the probability of getting equal numbers or numbers with an even produet 6 30 i 2 emai ja 36 (ii) 36 (iii) 36 (iv) 36° (J) Ina binomial distribution the sum and the product of the mean and variance are =~ and z respectively. The distribution is (any : (ety (tei) chee Olsts @ (345 Win arg (iv) None of these. (&) The variance for a Binomial distribution is : neq @ Japa @ ap (i np . (R.GPV, Bhopal, I Semester, June 2007) (For the Binomial distribution (p + 4), he relation of mean and variance is : (@ means = variance (i means < variance (ii) mean > variance (iv) (mean)? = variance (RGR, Bhopal, Ii Semester, June 2006) (m) In usual notation, for Binomial distribution, np q is (mp__ (iv) None of the above (A.M.LE., Winter 2005) Ans. (a) (iii), (6) (iv) (2) (AO, ©) O, FP), @) Gv), (HY GO, (DG, (JF) GD, Ce) (itd), (1) id, =) OF