PRE-NURTURE COURSE SESSIONTARGET

2023-24: NSEJS
PRE-NURTURE COURSE
TARGET : NSEJS
RACE# 18-A BIOLOGY
TOPIC : IMMUNE SYSTEM

SECTION - I 7. ________ are cells of the mammalian innate

immune response that help destroy tumors.
1. Innate immunity ________.
(1) Cytotoxic T cells (2) Natural killer cells
(1) is the first, and most general, mechanism of
protection against pathogens (3) Macrophages (4) B cells
(2) depends on an infected animal's previous 8. Use the graphs to answer the following question.
exposure to a pathogen
100 wild type
(3) is based on recognition of antigens that are
specific to a pathogen 75

% survival
(4) is found only in vertebrates Mutant + drosomycin
50
2. A strain of fruit fly lacks the ability to produce Dicer- Mutant + defensin
Mutant
2 protein. You might expect this strain to be more 25
susceptible to ________ infections.
0
(1) viral (2) bacterial 0 24 48 72 96 120
(3) fungal (4) protozoan Hours post infection
3. Vertebrate immune cells, which are phagocy tic, Fruit fly survival after infection by N crassa fungi
include ________.
(I) neutrophils (II) macrophages 100
(III) dendritic cells (IV) natural killer cells wild type
75 Mutant +
% survival

(1) I and III (2) II and IV defensin

(3) I and IV (4) I, II, and III 50
Mutant + Mutant
4. The cells and signaling molecules involved in the initial drosomycin
25
are _____________.
(1) phagocytes and cytokines 0
0 24 48 72 96 120
(2) dendritic cells and interferons Hours post infection
(3) mast cells and histamines Fruit fly survival after infection by M luteus bacteria
(4) lymphocytes and interferons
5. Inflammatory responses typically include ________. Mutant fruit flies that make only one antimicrobial
(1) increased activity of phagocytes in an inflamed peptide were tested for survival after infection with
area Neurospora crassa fungi or with Micrococcus luteus
bacteria. The results shown in the graphs support
(2) reduced permeability of blood vessels to conserve
the hypothesis that ________.
plasma
(3) release of substances to decrease the blood supply (1) adding the defensin gene to such mutants
to an inflamed area protects them from death by bacterial infection
(4) inhibiting the release of white blood cells from (2) adding the drosomycin gene to such mutants
bone marrow protects them from death by bacterial infection
6. Septic shock, a systemic response including high fever (3) wild-type flies with the full set of genes for
and low blood pressure, is a response to ________. antimicrobial peptides are highly susceptible to
(1) certain bacterial infections both fungal and bacterial pathogens
(2) specific forms of viruses (4) the presence of any single antimicrobial peptide
(3) the presence of natural killer cells protects aga inst both fungal and bacterial
(4) increased production of neutrophils pathogens

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 PRE-NURTURE COURSE TARGET : NSEJS
9. A boy falls while riding his bike. A scrape on his 14. A newborn who is accidentally given a drug that
hand almost immed iately begins to bleed and destroys the thymus would most likely ________.
becomes red, warm, and swollen. What response is (1) lack innate immunity
occurring?
(2) be unable to genetica lly rearrange antigen
(1) inflammatory response receptors
(2) lytic response (3) be unable to differentiate and mature T cells
(3) adaptive immune response (4) have a reduced number of B cells and be unable
to form antibodies
(4) autoimmune response
15. An immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule, of any class, with
10. The eyes and the respiratory tract are both protected
regions symbolized as C or V, H or L, has a light
against infections by ________.
chain made up of ________.
(1) interferons produced by immune cells
(1) one C region and one V region
(2) the secretion of complement proteins (2) one H region and one L region
(3) the release of slightly alkaline secretions (3) three H regions and one L region
(4) the secretion of lysozyme onto their surfaces (4) two C regions and two V regions
11. The complement system is ________. 16. Immunological memory accounts for ________.
(1) a set of proteins involved in innate but not (1) the human body's ability to distinguish self from
acquired immunity non-self
(2) a group of proteins that includes interferons and (2) the observation that some strains of the pathogen
interleukins that causes dengue fever cause more severe
disease than others
(3) a group of proteins that act together in a cascade
fashion (3) the ability of a helper T cell to signal B cells via
cytokines
(4) a set of proteins that act individually to attack
and lyse microbes (4) the ancient observation that someone who had
recovered from the plague could safely care for
12. Mucus occurs in both the respiratory and digestive
those newly diseased
tracts. What is its main immunological function?
17. Vaccination offers protection against future exposure
(1) sweeping away debris to pathogens because it ________.
(2) physically trapping of pathogens (1) stimulates the complement system
(3) destruction of pathogens because it is acidic (2) triggers clonal expansion of lymphocytes
(4) increasing oxygen absorption (3) promotes inflammation
13. You and a friend were in line for a movie when you (4) enhances the activity of macrophages
noticed the woman in front of you sneezing and 18. ________ is a characteristic of adaptive immunity
coughing. Both of you were equally exposed to the but not innate immunity.
woman's virus, but over the next few days, only your (1) Memory (2) Inflammation
friend acquired flu-like symptoms and was ill for
(3) Interferons (4) Lysozyme
almost a week before recovering. Which one of the
following is a logical explanation for this? 19. Lymphocytes mature in the ________.
I) spleen II) thymus
(1) Your friend had antibodies to that virus.
III) bone marrow
(2) You had an immunological memory of that virus.
(1) only I and III (2) only I and II
(3) Your friend had an autoimmune disorder.
(3) only II and III (4) I, II, and III
(4) Your friend had allergies.

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20. What major advantage is conveyed by having a 25. Arrange in the correct sequence these components
system of adaptive immunity? of the mammalian immune system as it first responds
(1) It enables a rapid defense against an antigen to a pathogen.
that has been previously encountered. (I) Pathogen is destroyed.
(2) It enables an animal to counter most pathogens (II) Lymphocytes secrete antibodies.
alm ost instan tly the first time they are
(III) Antigens from a pathogen bind to antigen
encountered.
receptors on lymphocytes.
(3) It results in effector cells with specificity for a
(IV) Lymphocy tes speci fic to antigen s from a
large number of antigens.
pathogen become numerous.
(4) It allows for the destruction of antibodies.
(V) Only memory cells remain.
21. Which of the following are similarities between B
(1) I ® III ® II ® IV ® V
cells and T cells?
(2) II ® I ® IV ® III ® V
(I) The y both recogni ze antige n using
immunoglobulin receptors. (3) IV ® II ® III ® I ® V
(II) Both B cells and T cells undergo clonal selection (4) III ® IV ® II ® I ® V
after encountering an antigen. 26. A nonfunctional CD4 protein on a helper T cell
(III) B cells and T cells both mai ntain an would result in the helper T cell being unable to
immunological memory of previously ________.
encountered antigens. (1) respond to circulating viral antigens
(1) only III (2) only II (2) lyse tumor cells
(3) both II and III (4) both I and II (3) stimulate a cytotoxic T cell
22. A certain cell type has existed in the blood and tissue (4) interact with a class II MHC-antigen complex
of its vertebrate host's immune system for over 20
27. B cells interacting with helper T cells are stimulated
years. One day, it recognizes a newly arrived antigen
to differentiate when ________.
and binds to it, subsequently triggering a secondary
immune response in the body. Which of the following (1) B cells produce IgE antibodies
cell types most accurately describes this cell? (2) B cells release cytokines
(1) plasma cell (2) thyroid cell (3) cytotoxic T cells present the class II MHC
(3) memory cell (4) macrophage molecule-antigen complex on their surface
23. What type of immunity is associated with breast (4) helper T cells release cytokines
feeding? 28. When antibodies bind antigens, the clumping of
(1) innate immunity (2) active immunity antigens results from ________.
(3) passive immunity (4) cell-mediated immunity (1) the antibody having at least two binding regions
24. Select the pathway that would lead to the activation (2) disulfide bridges between the antigens
of cytotoxic T cells.
(3) bonds between class I and class II MHC molecules
(1) B c ell conta ct an tigen ® helper T c ell is
(4) denaturation of the antibodies
activated ® clonal selection occurs
29. Phagocytosis of microbes by ma crophages is
(2) body cell becomes infected with a virus ® new
enhanced by ________.
viral proteins appear ® class I MHC molecule-
antigen complex displayed on cell surface (I) the binding of antibodies to the surface of
microbes
(3) complement is secreted ® B cell contacts
antigen ® helper T cell activated ® cytokines (II) antibody-mediated opsonization of microbes
released (III) the release of cytokines by activated B cells
(4) cytotoxic T cells ® class II MHC molecule-antigen (1) only I and II (2) only II and III
complex displaced ® cytokines released ® cell (3) only I and III (4) I, II, and, III
lysis

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30. Naturally acquired passive immunity can result from 34. Which of the following is crucial to activation of the
the ________. adaptive immune response?

(1) injection of vaccine (1) memory cells

(2) ingestion of interferon (2) presentation of MHC (major histocompatibility

complex)-antigen complex on a cell surface
(3) placental transfer of antibodies
(3) activation of complement proteins
(4) abs orption of pathoge ns through muc ous
(4) phagocytosis of antibody-antigen complex by
membranes
macrophages in the blood
31. Jenner's successful use of cowpox virus as a vaccine 35. Which of the following components of the immune
against the smallpox virus was due to the fact that system destroys bacteria by punching holes in the
________. wall of the bacteria?
(1) the immune system responds nonspecifically to (1) complement protein
antigens
(2) macrophages
(2) the cowpox virus made antibodies in response (3) plasma cells
to the presence of smallpox
(4) major histocompatibility complex proteins
(3) there are some epitopes (antigenic determinants)
36. Yearly vaccination of humans for influenza viruses is
common to both pox viruses
necessary because ________.
(4) cowpox and smallpox are caused by the same
(1) of an increase in immunodeficiency diseases
virus
(2) the flu can generate anaphylactic shock
32. An individual who has been bitten by a poisonous
(3) surviving the flu one year exhausts the immune
snake that has a fast-acting toxin would likely benefit
system to nonresponsiveness the second year
from ________.
(4) rapid mutation in flu viruses alters the surface
(1) vaccination with a weakened form of the toxin
proteins in infected host cells
(2) injection of antibodies to the toxin 37. A patient who has a high level of mast cell activity,
(3) injection of interleukin-1 dilation of blood vessels, and acute drop in blood
pressure is likely suffering from ________.
(4) injection of interferon
(1) an autoimmune disease
33. For the successful development of a vaccine to be
(2) a typical skin allergy (contact dermatitis) that can
use d against a pathogen, it is necess ary that
be treated by antihistamines
________.
(3) an organ transplant, such as a skin graft
(1) the surface antigens of the pathogen stay the
(4) anaphylactic shock immediately follow ing
same
exposure to an allergen
(2) all of the surface antigens on the pathogen be
38. A patient complaining of watery, itchy eyes and
identified
sneezing after being given a flower bouquet as a
(3) the pathogen has only one epitope birthday gift should first be treated with ________.

(4) the major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules are (1) a vaccine (2) sterile pollen
heterozygous (3) antihistamines (4) monoclonal antibodies

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 PRE-NURTURE COURSE TARGET : NSEJS
39. Which of the following is the best definition of 40. In a humoral or antibody-mediated imm une
autoimmune disease? response, specific B cells are stimulated by helper T
cells to transform into plasma cells that secrete
(1) a condition in which B and T cells trigger
antibodies. What would be an important feature
anaphylactic shock in response to an antigen
added to the plasma cells during this transition
(2) a condition in which the adaptive immune system process that allows them to better perform their
fails to recognize the second infection by the function?
same antigen
(1) duplication of specific gene sequences for the
(3) a condition in which self molecules are treated appropriate antibody
as nonself (loss of self-tolerance)
(2) increased rough endoplasmic reticulum for
(4) a condition in which the immune system creates greater antibody production
random antibodies without being triggered by a
(3) duplication of lysosomes in order to store the
specific antigen
antibodies before transport

(4) increased antigen presentation on the surface

of the plasma cells

ANSWER KEY
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
A ns . 1 1 4 3 1 1 2 1 1 4 3 2 2 3 1 4 2 1 3 1
Que. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
A ns . 3 3 3 2 4 4 4 1 1 3 3 2 1 2 1 4 4 3 3 2

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