LESSON 5

Qualitative and
Quantitative Research
What is the difference
between quantitative
and qualitative
research?
 Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Quantitative Qualitative
A type of educational A type of educational
research in which the research in which the
researchers decides what researchers relies on the
to study. views of the participants
 Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Quantitative Qualitative
• Looks at patterns in numerical • Gathers information that is not
data. in numerical form.
• Gathers data in numerical form • Typically a descriptive data.
which can be put into • “quality” – we are taking a
categories or measured in deep quality look at a
units of measurement phenomenon.
• Can be used to construct
graphs and tables.
 Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Quantitative Qualitative
Examples: Examples:
• Application forms • Diary accounts
• Closed-ended questionnaires • Document review
• IQ tests • Open-ended questionnaires
• Measurements • Unstructured interviews
• Unstructured observations
 Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Quantitative Qualitative
Purpose: Purpose:
• To test hypothesis, look at cause • To understand and interpret
and effect and make predictions. social interactions.
Group studied: Group studied:
• To largely and randomly selected. • Smaller and not randomly
Type of data collected: selected.
• Numbers and statistics. Type of data collected:
• Words, images, or objects
 Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Quantitative Qualitative
Forms of data collected: Forms of data-collected:
• Based on precise measurements • Open-ended responses,
using structured and validated interviews, participant
data-collection instruments. observation, field notes,
Role of the researcher: reflection.
• Researcher and their biases are Role of the researcher:
not known to participants in the • Researcher and their biases
study, and participant may be known to participants
characteristics are hidden from in the study, and participant
the researcher. characteristics may be known.
 Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Quantitative Qualitative
Results: Results:
• Generalizable findings that can be • Particular or specialized
applied to other population. findings that is less
Final Report: generalizable.
• Statistical report with correlations, Final Report:
comparisons of means, & • Narrative report with
statistical significance of findings. contextual description & direct
quotations from research
participants.
 Quantitative and Qualitative Research
Quantitative Qualitative
What is to be observed? What is to be observed?
• Quantities, scales, trends • Qualities, behavior, complexities
What are the type of questions What are the type of questions
asked? asked?
• How many? What? • Why? How?
How the results are interpreted How the results are interpreted
(analysis)? (analysis)?
• Describe, measure, predict, • Explore, explain, understand,
statistical tables and chart, narrative, particular, inductive
deductive reasoning: everything is reasoning: conclusions can be
known before conclusions can be drawn from the evidence no
drawn. matter how incomplete.
 What are the characteristics of each?
Quantitative Qualitative
• ask specific narrow Qs. • Ask broad general Qs.
• Collects data from participants • Collects data from consisting
generally in numerical form. largely of words (text) or image.
• Analyzes numbers using • Descriptions and analysis of
statistics. words for themes.
• Conducts the inquiry in unbiased, • Conducts inquiry in subjective,
objective manner. biased manner.
 Identifying a research problem

Quantitative Qualitative
• Description of trends or • An exploration in which little is
explanation of variables’ known about the problem.
relationship. • A detailed understanding of a
central phenomenon.
 Reviewing the literature

Quantitative Qualitative
• Major role through suggesting the • Minor role in suggesting SRQ to
RQ to be asked. be asked.
• Justifying the R problem and the • Justify the importance of
need for the direction of the study. studying the R problem.
 Reviewing the literature

Quantitative Qualitative
• Be specific and narrow. • Be general and broad.
• Seek measurable, observable • Seek to understand the
data on variables. participants’ experiences.
 Collecting data

Quantitative Qualitative
• Collecting data using instruments • Collecting data using forms with
with preset Qs and Res. general, emerging Qs to permit
• Collecting info from a large the participant to generate
number of individuals. responses.
• Gathering word (text) or image
(picture) dtaa.
• Collecting info from small
number of individuals or sites.
 Reporting and evaluating research

Quantitative Qualitative
• Tend to use standard fixed • A flexible, emerging structure
structure and evaluation criteria. and evaluative criteria.
• Take an objective and unbiased • Take a subjective and biased
approach. approach.
 SIMILARITIES OF QN & QL

1. Empirical research is aimed at creating new knowledge.

2. Research creates knowledge by observing phenomena.
3. All the entities of interest like attitudes, motives and learning
can be inferred from observing what people do or say in a
given setting.
4. All researchers are concerned about the universalities of ideas
or expressing an idea in a general statement; that is, they
desire to find meaning for the research results beyond a
particular study.
 Be ready for Quiz 1 on Friday
December 6, 2024

Be the change: “You must be the change you

wish to see in the world”.

- Have a great day!