Verb (Advance)

8 VERB (ADVANCE)
CHAPTER

KINDS OF VERB
1. FINITE VERBS 3. TRANSITIVE VERBS
2. NON-FINITE VERBS 4. INTRANSITIVE VERBS
1. FINITE VERBS: Finite Verbs dk ,d Subject gksrk gS vkSj ;s
Subject dh la[;k ,oa Person
ds vuqlkj iz;qDr gksrs gSaA
tSls%He is playing.
They are playing.
2. NON-FINITE VERBS: Non-Finite Verbs fdlh Person ;k la[;k ls limited ugha gksrs gSaA
tSls%I like watching television.
She wants to go abroad.
NON-FINITE VERBS:- rhuizdkj ds gksrs gS&
(A) INFINITIVE
(B) GERUND
(C) PARTICIPLE
(A) INFINITIVE ('to Vb.f): Infinitive ,d izdkj dk Noun gS ftlesa
verb ds Hkh xq.k gksrs
SaAgvr% ge
infinitive dksVerb-Noun Hkh dg ldrs gSA
tSls%1. To err is human
2. I want to study
3. I want to study English.
Åij fn, x;s okD; ns[ksa&
okD; (1) esa'to err' (to + Vb.f) subject ds :i esaiz;qDr gSsaA
okD; (2) esa'to study' (to + Vb.f) object ds :i esa iz;qDr gSsaA
okD; (3) esa'to study' want (verb) dk object gS ysfdu vxj'English' dksobject ds :i esa fy;k tk,
rks'to study' verb dk dk;Z dj jgk gSA
 vr%'to + Vb.f' Noun gS ysfduVerb ds xq.k dks cuk;s j[kk VerbgSA dh rjg Object English
ys jgk gSA
(B) GERUND (V1 + ing): Gerund verb dh rjg 'ing' esa [kRe gksrk ysfdu
gS iz;ksx esaNoun
og gSA
tSls%1. Swimming is a good exercise.
2. I learnt driving.
3. I love watching television.
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 Verb (Advance)
Åij fn, x;s okD; ns[ksa&
okD; (1) esa'Swimming' (V1 + ing) subject ds :i esa iz;qDr gS A
okD; (2) esa'driving' (V1 + ing) object ds :i esa iz;qDr gS A
okD; (3) esa'watching' love (verb) dk object gS ysfdu vxjtelevision dksobject ds :i esa fy;k tk,
rks'watching' verb dk dk;Z dj jgk gSA vr% Gerund (V1 + ing) Noun gksrs gq, Hkh Verb ds xq.k
dks cuk;s j[krk gSA
uksV% dbZVerbs/adjective/phrase ds ckn'to' dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA 'to' ;gk¡
ds ckn'Vb.f' dk iz;ksx ugha gksxk
cfYd 'V1 + ing' dk iz;ksx gksxkA
tSls%Verb + Used to (vH;Lr)] Accustomed to (ds vknh)] Averse to (ds foijhr)] With a
view to (ds fopkj ls)] Addicted to (dk vknh)] Devoted to (dks lefiZr)] In addition to
(ds vfrfjÙkQ)]Look forward to (mEehn djuk)]Object to (vkifÙk gksuk)] Owing to (ds
dkj.k)] Given to (vknh gksuk)] Taken to (vknh gksuk)] Prone to (lEHkkfor)
tSls%1. He is addicted to smoking.
2. I am looking forward to meeting you.
3. He was used to driving on the right when he was in London.
 nwljs 'kCnks esa dgk tk, rks vxj dksbZverb 'to' esa [kRe gks rks mlds'Vckn
Phrasal b.f
' ugha]
'V1 + ing'
dk iz;ksxdjsaA ;gk¡
'to' Preposition gSA
tSls%(a) I am looking forward to meeting
  you.
V1 +ing

(b) He is given to drinking .


V1 +ing

(c) He is prone to making

 the same mistake again and again.
V1 +ing

(d) He got used to driving on the right when he was in London.

 
V1 +ing

ysfduModal 'used to' ds cknVb.f dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA

drive on the right.
(e) I used to 
Vb.f

okD; d ,oa e ds chp dk varj%

Sentence (d) Sentence (e)
(1) vxj used to ds igys verb gks rks
used to ds ckn (1) vxj used to ds igys verb ugha gks rks
V1 + ing yxk;sa used to ds ckn Vb.f yxk;saA
(2) ;s vknr dks n'kkZrk gSA (2) ;s past ds routine action dks n'kkZrk gSA
(3) ;s fdlh Hkh
tense esa gks ldrs gSaUsed
vkSj to ds(3)
igys ;s fliQZ
Past Tense esa gksaxsa
vkus okykverb okD; tense
ds dk fu/kZj.k djrk gSA

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Verb (Advance)
(C) PARTICIPLE: tks 'kCn
'Verb' ,oa 'Adjective' nksuksa dk dk;Z djsa og
Participle gSA
(i) PRESENT PARTICIPLE (V1 + ING)
tSls%1. Hearing the noise, we rushed out of the restaurant.
2. Thinking all is well, he went to bed.
 Åij fn, x, nksuksa okD;ksa
'V1 + esa
ing' dk iz;ksx fdlh ?kVukincomplete
dks ;k gksrk gqvk
n'kkZus ds fy,
gks jgk gSA ;g
'V1 + ing' Present Participle gSA
(ii) PAST PARTICIPLE (V3)
tSls%1. Driven by poverty, he committed suicide.
2. Deceived by his best friend, he was left in the lurch.
 Åij fn, x, nksuksa okD;ksa
'V3' dk
esa
iz;ksx fdlh ?kVukComplete
dks n'kkZus ds fy, fd;k x;k gSA
'V3bl
'
form dksPast Participle dgrs gSaA
(iii) PERFECT PARTICIPLE (HAVING V3)
tSls%1. Having done with it, they got down to work.
2. Having rested, they started their journey again.
 Åij fn, x;s nksuksa okD;ksa esa fdlh
Hkwrdky
dk;Z dksesaComplete
gh gksrk n'kkZ;k x;k gSA ,slk djus ds fy,
'having + V3' ;kfu Perfect Participle dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

3. TRANSITIVE VERB- tc okD; esafØ;k ds ckn ,d deZ (obj.) dh vko';drk iM+s rks fØ;k
transitive verb dgykrk gSA
tSls%1. I write
 essay .

V obj.
2. Children fly  .
kites

V obj.
4. INTRANSITIVE VERB- tc okD; esafØ;k ds ckn deZ (obj.) dh vko';drk u iM+srks fØ;k
intransitive verb dgykrk gSA
tSls%Birds fly

.
v
She slept

.
v
uksV%vxj verb Transitive (t.v.) gksrk gSverb
rks ds mYys[k ek=k
^D;k*
ls tSls loky mBrs gSA
tSls%1. He killed (D;k\)
He killed
 a rabbit
 .
t.v. obj.
2. I helped (fdls \)
I helped him .
  
t.v. obj.
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 Verb (Advance)
CAUSATIVE VERB
 Have, Get ,oaMake dk iz;ksx 'Causative verb' ds :i esa fd;k tkrk gSA lkekU;r% dÙkkZ
(sub) fdlh
fØ;k(verb) dks Øe(obj.) ij djrk gSA
tSls%He helps the poor.
  
Sub. Verb obj.
 ge dbZ ckjPassive voice dk iz;ksx ugh djuk pkgrs gSaACausative
,sls esa verb dk iz;ksx lokZf/d
mi;qZDr gksrk gSA
tSls%1. He got caught.
2. The environment gets polluted due to our ignorance.
 dbZ ckj okD; ls ;s rkRi;Z fudyrk gS
dÙkkZ
fd fdlh dk;Z dks djrk ugha cfYd djkrk
;kfugS;gk¡Agent
(dk;Z djus okyk) ,oaSubject (dk;Z djkus okyk)dk izR;{k vFkok vizR;{k :i ls ekStwn gksrs gSaA
tSls%1. I  made him
 do the
 whole
 work
.
Subject 'Make' according to tense Agent Vb.f object

2. We got him arrested

 by the police.
    
Subject 'Get' according to tense Object V3 Agent

3. Have
 the
  box opened .
 
'Have' according to tense Object V3

4. We 
have to make the system 
work
.


    
Subject 'make' according to tense Agent Vb.f

5. I
 cannot get your work 
done
 by 
him
 .
    
Subject 'get' according to tense Object V3 Agent

uksV%Make/Have ,oa Get ds iz;ksx ds chp dk varj%

1. Get/Have ds iz;ksx ds cknAgent dk mYys[kby + Agent ds form esa gksrk gSAPassive
ysfdu
voice dh rjg gh Agent dk iz;ksx fd;k Hkh tk ldrk gS vkSj ughaA Hkh
Make ds cknAgent dk iz;ksx djuk vko';d gksrk gSA
2. Get/Have ds cknV3 dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
Make ds cknVb.f dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
3. okD; esa
'Get'/'Have' ,oa 'Make' Tense ds vuqlkj ifjofrZrgksrs gSaA
Verb dk iz;ksx fofHkÂ
Pattern esa gks ldrk gSA uhps fn, x;s dqN
patterns esaverb dk iz;ksx ns[ksa&
PATTERN - 1
Subject + Verb
 ;s 'Verb' ds iz;ksx dk lc ls lk/kj.kPattern gSA ,sls
sentence formation esasub ds ckn vdeZd
fØ;k (intransitive verb) dk iz;ksx gksrkokD; gSA dk vFkZ fdlh deZ(object) ds fcuk Hkh Li"V
gksrk gSA
bl sentence pattern to passive voice esa ifjofrZr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA
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Verb (Advance)

tSls% S.N Subject Verb

1. Birds fly.
2. The moon is shining
3. The baby is sleeping.
4. I was going

PATTERN - 2

Subject + verb + subject complement

 ,sls 'sentence form' esacomplement ;k rksNoun gksrk gS]pronoun

;k ;k fiQj adjective. bl
sentence pattern dks Hkh Passive Voice esa ifjofrZr ugha
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
tSls% S.N. Subject Verb Subject Complement
1. This is a pen.
2. It is I
3. He looks happy.
4. My father got angry.

PATTERN - 3

Subject + verb + direct object

 dbZ'verbs' ldeZd fØ;k (Transitive Verb) gksrs gSaA

Transitive Verbs ds ckn object dk
mYys[k gksuk t:jh
gksrk gS oukZ okD; dk vFkZ Li"V ugha gksrkA
tSls% S.N. Subject Verb Direct Object
1. I know him.
2. She opened the door.
3. You should help yourself.
PATTERN - 4

Subject+verb + indirect object + direct object

 tc okD; esanks'objects' gks] rks
Indirect object (tks lkekU;r% ltho gksrkdk
gS)
mYys[k igys
gksrk
gS vkSj
fiQj direct object dkA
fdldks D;k
S.N. Subject Verb Indirect Object Direct Object
1. I gave her my book.
tSls%
2. I bought her a purse
3. He showed me his notes.

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 Verb (Advance)
PATTERN - 5

Subject + verb + direct object + preposition + prepositional object

 vxj pattern 4 dks ge bl rjg ifjofrZr djuk pkgs fdDirect Object dk mYys[k igys gksDirect
rks
Object ds ckn ,d Preposition dk iz;ksx gksxk vkSj fiQj Indirect Object dkA

tSls% S.N. Subject Verb Direct Object Preposition Prepositional object

1. I gave my book to her.
2. I bought a purse for her.
3. He showed his notes to me and my friends.
PATTERN - 6

Subject + verb + noun/ pronoun + adjective

 ,slssentence form esaadjective ml voLFkk dks n'kkZrk gS tks fØ;k ds otg ls;kgqvk
fiQjnoun
,oa adjective dks feyk dsobject cuk;k tkrk gSA
tSls% S.N. Subject Verb Direct Object Adjective
1. He pushed the door open.
2. She washed the plates clean.
3. I like my tea strong.
 bl pattern esa;qDr
zi gksusverbs
okys gS&
get, keep, beat, drive, make, paint, leave, turn, find,
like, wish ,oa push.
PATTERN - 7

Subject + verb + preposition + prepositional object.

tSls% S.N. Subject Verb Preposition Prepositional object

1. This car belongs to me.
2. She met with an accident.
3. He succeeded in his attempt.
PATTERN - 8

Subject + verb + infinitive (as object of the verb)

tSls% S.N. Subject Verb Infinitive

1. She wants to sleep.
2. He forgot to take his medicine.
3. I hoped to pass the exam.

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Verb (Advance)
 bl pattern esa iz;qDr gksusverbs
okys gSa&
like, love, prefer, begin, start, agree, try,
attempt, choose, continue, intend, propose, desire, wish, want, hate, dislike,
hope, expect, promise, fear, remember, forget, offer, learn.
PATTERN - 9

Subject + verb + noun/ pronoun + infinitive.

tSls% S.N. Subject Verb Noun/ Pronoun Infinitive + etc.

1. I want you to help him.
2. The doctor advised him to rest.
3. I allowed Rohit to go.

 bl pattern esa iz;qDr gksus okys

verbeq[;
gS& ask, tell, order, command, persuade, encourage,
urge, want, wish, request, intend, expect, force, tempt, teach, invite, help, warn,
like, love, hate, allow, permit, remind, cause, mean, dare.

PATTERN - 10

Subject + verb + gerund.

 bl pattern esaGerund okD; ds object dk dk;Z djrk gSA

tSls% S.N. Subject Verb Gerund, etc.
1. She started singing.
2. He has finished talking.
3. I love teaching.

 bl pattern esa iz;qDr gksus okys eq[; 'kCn gS&

begin, start, love, like, hate, stop, finish,
enjoy, prefer, fear, remember, forget, mind, miss, suggest, practice, try,
understand, keep, admit, avoid, consider, intend, delay, deny, detest, can't help,
rest, defer, worth, risk , it is no use, propose, regret, anticipate.
PATTERN - 11

Subject + verb + noun/ pronoun + present participle.

tSls% S.N. Subject Verb Noun/ Pronoun Present Participle

1. I saw him crossing the bridge.
2. I heard him shouting
3. You kept me waiting

 bl pattern esa iz;qDr gksusverbs

okys gS&see, hear, smell, feel, watch, notice, find,
observe, listen, get, catch, keep, leave, set, start.
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 Verb (Advance)
PATTERN - 12

Subject + verb + noun/ pronoun + plain infinitive.

tSls% S.N. Subject Verb Noun/ Pronoun Plain Infinitive

1. I will not let you go
2. We made him finish the work.
3. I bade the boy leave the room.
 bl pattern esa iz;qDr gksus okys eq[;gS&see, watch, notice, observe, hear, listen,
verbs
feel, make, let, help, bid.
VERB ds dqNIMPORTANT RULES ftu ls iz'u iwNs tkrs gSa%
1. (i) Being ill, I could not come. ()
(ii) Being a rainy day, I could not come (×)
(iii)Walking along the road, my pen fell down. (×)
(i) vxj igys okD; esabeing ds igys fdlhsubject dk mYys[k ugha gks 2nd Hkkx
rks dk sub 'I' igys Hkkx dk
Hkh sub cu tkrk gSA vkSj okD;
(i) dk vFkZ lgh fudyrk gSA
(ii) vxj nwljs okD;'being'
esa ds igyssub 'it' dk iz;ksx u fd;k tk, rks 'I', rainy day dk Hkh sub cu tkrk
gS vkSj blls okD; dk vFkZ xyr gks tkrk gSA vr% a rainy day' dk iz;ksx djsaA
'It being
(iii) blh izdkj rhljs okD; esawalking
Hkh ds fy;s mi;qDrsub. dk iz;ksx djsa vU;Fkk 'my pen' igys Hkkx dk
sub cu tk;sxkA
vr%'While I was walking along the road' dk iz;ksx djsaaA
2. (i) The girls watched intendly as the model applied her make-up with a practiced
hand.(×)
fdlh fØ;k ( Verb) dk iz;ksx fo'ks"k.k (
adjective) ds :i esa fdlh Noun dh fo'ks"krk crkus ds fy;s
fd;k tkrk gS rks fØ;k3rd form esa gh gksuk pkfg;sAPractised vr% (v) form dk iz;ksx djsaA
'Practice' noun gSA
vU; mnkgj.k% Spoken English
Revised edition
Written document
 mijksDr mnkgj.k esa
English, edition o document laKk(Noun) gS ftudh fo'ks"krk crkus ds fy,
'verb' dk iz;ksx gks jgk gSA vr%3rd form esa gSA
Verb
 ysfdu vxj fØ;k(Verb) dks tkjh(continuous) voLFkk esa n'kkZ;kverb tk;s rks
'ing' form esa gksuk pkfg;sA
tSls%(i) Rising price.
(ii) Developing country.
(iii)Steaming cup of tea.
3. vxj fØ;k dk iz;ksx
noun form esa fd;k tk;s rks mls
'ing form' (Gerund)/'to+V1 form' (Infinitive)/
esa gksuk pkfg;saA
tSls%(i) Smoking

is prohibited here.
obj

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Verb (Advance)

(ii) Swimming is a good exercise.




sub

To
(iii) 
err to forgive divine.
 is human,  
Sub. Sub.
4. fØ;k dSls gqvk]adverb
;s of manner crkrk gS vkSj
adverb of manner lkekU;r%
'ly' esa [kRe
gksrk gSA
tSls%(i) He works
  honestly .

Verb Adv

 politely
(ii) He talks  .

Verb Adv

 vxj verb gekjh ikapksa bafnz;ksa ls lEcaf/r gks rksadverb

mlds ckn
ugha]adjective dk iz;ksxdjsaA
tSls%(i) He looks
 honest
 .
Verb Adj

(ii) He sounds
 polite
 .
Verb Adj

uhps fn, x;s lkr fØ;k,asverbs of sensation gSa

-
Look, seem, sound, appear, smell, taste, feel
 Verbs of sensation ds vykokbe, become, turn, get, grow, keep (jguk)] make, stay,
remain ,oa prove dks Hkh
Adverbs ugha cfYd
Adjective modify djrs gSaA
tSls%When he heard the news, he became sad
.
adj

5. We adapt to the environment. (×)

We adapt ourselves to the environment. ( )
 Adapt ds tSlsdqN ,slsverbs gksrs gS ftuds ckn ,dReflexive Pronoun dk vkuk t:jh gksrk gSA
,sls verbs dh lwph&
Acquit (vk'kk ds vuqlkj drZO; fuHkkuk)
, absent, avail, reconcile (cseu ls Lohdkj dj ysuk),
amuse, resign (fdlh phT+k@ gkykr dks Lohdkj dj ysuk D;ksafd vki mls ifjofrZr ugha dj ldrs
gSaA)
, avenge, enjoy, exert, apply (to work hard on something), adapt, adjust, pride
è;ku jgsA
Acquit, reconile , apply bR;kfn dk iz;ksx mQij fn, x, vFkZ ds lanHkZ esa gksuk pkfg, rHkh
reflexive pronoun dk iz;ksx gksxkA
1. The officers acquitted themselves well during the crisis.
2. She has reconciled herself to the demands of her in laws.
3. The students exert themselves a lot at the time of examination.
4. You will have to apply yourself to this task whole heartedly.
5. I pride myself on being able to work smoothly under pressure too.
6. You should avail yourself of this opportunity.
7. He resigned himself to yet another day without food.
uksV%
(1) They enjoyed the party. (reflexive pronoun dh t:jr ugha gS)
They enjoyed during vacation. (‘themselves’ dk iz;ksx
enjoyed’ ds ckn djsa
)
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 Verb (Advance)
 vxj enjoy ds cknobject dk mYys[k gksreflexive
rks pronoun u yxk;sa ijUrq vxj
object
dk mYys[k ugha gks rks
Reflexive Pronoun dk iz;ksx djsaA
(2) He was absent. ( )
He absented himself. ( )
vxj absent dk iz;ksxverb ds :i esa gks rHkh
reflexive pronoun dk iz;ksxdjsaA
uksV%(i) vxj 'acquit' dk vFkZ^cjh
gS djuk* rks'acquit' ds lkFkReflexive Pronoun dk iz;ksx u djsaA
tSls%The court acquitted him.
 vxj 'acquit' dk vFkZ^O;ogkj
gS djuk*rks'acquit' ds lkFkreflexive pronoun dk iz;ksx gksxk
A
tSls%He acquitted himself well during the riot.
 vxj 'reconcile' dk vFkZ gS
^lqyg djuk*rksreconcile ds lkFkreflexive pronoun dk iz;ksx
ugha gksxk
A
tSls%I reconciled with him after the bitter argument.
 vxj 'reconcile' dk vFkZ ^cseu
gS ls gh lgh ij Lohdkj dj ysuk* rksreflexive pronoun dk iz;ksx
gksxk
A
tSls%He reconciled himself to the arrogant attitude of his boss.
 la{ksi esa dgk tk, rks sub
vxj gh fØ;k dk receiver gksrksÅij fn, x;s verbs ds lkFkreflexive
pronoun dk iz;ksx gksxk A
(b) (1) Keep yourself away from bad company. (×)
Keep away from bad company. ( )
(2) He hid himself in the room. (Drop ‘himself’).
 keep ds tSlsdqN ,slsverbs gksrs gS ftuds ckn Reflexive Pronoun dk iz;ksx ugha gksrk
gSA
,slsverbs dh lwph
Keep, stop, turn, qualify, bathe, move, rest, hide.
6. (i) I prefer tea than coffee. (×)
I prefer tea to coffee. ( )
(ii) He invited me on/for tea. (×)
He invited me to tea. ( )
 Verb ds ckn vkus okyk preposition ;k rks fixed gksrk gS ;k fiQj fdlh
preposition dk iz;ksx
ugha gksrkgSAverb ds ckn vkus okyk
Preposition Hindi Translation ds vuqlkj ugha gksuk pkfg;sA
( Preposition Chapter ns[kas)
7. (i) The poor had no bed to sleep in.
(ii) He had no pen to write with.
(iii)Do you have a chair to sit on?
 tc fdlh Noun (bed, pen bR;kfn) dks dksbZ infinitive (to sleep, to write bR;kfn)qualify
djsa]rks'infinitive' ds ckn preposition (in, with bR;kfn) dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
8. (i) I have never and will never cheat you. (×)
I have never cheated
  you. ()
 and will never cheat
V3 Vb.f

(ii) Nothing has or will be more tragic than his demise. (×)
Nothing has been  more tragic than his demise. ()
 or will be
V3 Vb.f

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Verb (Advance)
 vxj ,d okD; esa,d verb ds nksforms dh t:jr gks rks nksuksa
forms dk iz;ksx djsaA
ge ,d form
ls dke ugha pyk ldrsA
9. (i) If he was a millionaire, he would help the millennium project. (×)
It he were a millionaire, he would help the millennium project. ()
 orZeku ds dkfYifud
in ds fy;s lHkhsub ds lkFkwere dk iz;ksx djsaA
10. (i) Long live the king ! ()

  
P.V. S.S.
 Optative okD;ksa singular
esa subject ds lkFk Hkh plural verb dk iz;ksx gksrkSA
g
11. ,sls dbZVerbs gS ftuds igys Article dk iz;ksx djds mlsNoun dk :i fn;k tkrk gS A
tSls%(i) He is walking
 .
verb

(ii) He is going for a walk

.
noun

rides
(iii)He 
 a horse.
verb

(iv) He went for a ride

.
noun
12. vxj vyx&vyx Verbs/ Adjectives ds lkFk vyx&vyx Preposition dh t:jr iM+s rks lHkh
Preposition dk iz;ksxdjsaA
tSls%(i) Amphibians can live on land and in water.
(ii) He was acquitted of and absolved from all the charges of corrution.
13. (i) I am having a car. (×)
I have a car. ()
 dqN ,slsverbs gksrs gS ftudk iz;ksx lkekU;r%
'ing' form esa ugha fd;k tk ldrkA
,sls verbs dh lwph
(1)
Verbs of Perception- See, taste, smell, hear, prefer, please, notice, recognize.
(2)
Verbs of Thinking Process- Think, know, mean, mind, remember, suppose.
(3)
Verbs Showing Possession- Own, have, belong, comprise, possess, contain, consist.
(4)
Verbs expressing Feeling or State of Mind- Believe, like, dislike, love, adore,
want, wish, desire, hate, agree, trust, imagine.
(5) Verbs in General- Look, seem, appear, affect, resemble, cost, require, become,
hope, refuse.
(foLrkj ls tkudkjh ds fy,Tense esaContinous Hkkx ns[ksa)
14. (A) Adverb ‘as’ dk iz;ksx uhps fn, x;s
verbs ds lkFk fd;k tk ldrk gSA
‘regard, describe, define, treat, view, know’.
(B) Adverb ‘as’ dk iz;ksx uhps fn, x;s
verbs ds lkFku djsaA
‘name, elect, think, consider, call, appoint, make, choose.’
tSls%1. I regard him my brother. (Add ‘as’ after ‘him’)
2. Biology has been defined the study of organism. (Add ‘as’ after ‘defined’)
3. She is considered as the best student of my class. (Drop ‘as’ after ‘considered’)
English for General Competition 129
 Verb (Advance)
4. The teacher called him as stupid. (Drop ‘as’)
5. The principal appointed him as a lecturer. (Remove ‘as’)
6. He thinks her as a fool. (Remove ‘as’)
15. vxj okD; esa 'It is high time' ;k fiQj 'it's time' dk iz;ksx gks vkSj mlds ckn
'sub' dk mYys[k
gks rks
sub ds ckn 'V2' dk iz;ksx djsaA
tSls%It's high time you did something.
16. dbZ 'kCn dk iz;ksx vDlj ,d lkFk fd;k tkrk gSA bls
Collocation dgrs gSaA
Verbs ls lacaf/r dqN
Collocations ns[ksa%&
tSls%Have — lunch etc. take —an exam make —a demand vU; mnkgj.k
a good time advantage a gesture Launch scheme
a shower an action a noise Render help
a dream risk a promise Impart education
a conversation your time a request Levy tax
a mistake Impose tax/fine
Level charges
Hone your skills
Furnish documents/
details
Take over some key
post
Oust from key post
17. 'To' ds ckn 'Vb.f' dk iz;ksx gksrk gS
(Infinitive esa
)ATo lesr vU; lHkhPrepositions ds ckn vxj
'verb' dk iz;ksx gksrk gSverb
rks 'v1+ing' form esa gksuk pkfg,A
tSls%1. He is afraid to do
 anything against his boss.
Vb.f

2. He is afraid of going

 out after sunset.
V1 +ing

SPOTTING THE ERROR

1. (a) Walking along the road/ (b) a car knocked/ (c) him down./(d) No error.
2. (a) Having done my homework/ (b) my mother allowed me/ (c) to go out and play./(d)
No error.
3. (a) Being a rainy day,/ (b) I had to cancel/ (c) all my appointments./ (d) No error.
4. (a) A few selfish leaders/ (b) are bent to harm/ (c) the very foundation of Democracy./ (d)
No error.
5. (a) As I have worked hard,/ (b) I am confident to pass/ (c) with flying colours ./ (d) No
error.
6. (a) We went to that place/ (b) with a view to help/ (c) the earthquake victims./ (d)
No error.
7. (a) You should avoid/ (b) to go to school/ (c) as you have severe eye infection./ (d) No
error.

130 English for General Competition

Verb (Advance)
8. (a) I have/ (b) no achievement/ (c) to boast./ (d) No error.
9. (a) One must avail of/ (b) every opportunity/ (c) that comes in life./ (d) No error.
10. (a) Have the letter/ (b) send/ (c) by someone who is trustworthy./ (d) No error.
11. (a) Would you please order/ (b) for tea and buiscuits/ (c) for all of us./ (d) No error.
12. (a) Everyone considered him as/ (b) a brave man/(c) but he fled from the battlefield./
(d) No error.
13. (a) My father does not mind/ (b) to be disturbed/ (c) while he is reading the
newspaper./(d) No error.
14. (a) Perhaps you do not know/ (b) I am having a car and a jeep/ (c) besides a big
house in a good locality./ (d) No error.
15. (a) The lawyer asked me/ (b) if it were worth to take/ (c) the matter to court./ (d) No
error.
16. (a) I bade him/ (b) to submit all the important documents/ (c) before he left the job./
(d) No error.
17. (a) He thinks/ (b) himself/ (c) as a great scholar ./ (d) No error.
18. (a) All the candidates/ (b) will give/ (c) a test on Friday./ (d) No error.
19. (a) Mrs Dorai would rather/ (b) spend a quiet evening/ (c) than attending a party./
(d) No error.
20. (a) The audience/ (b) watched the clowns/ (c) performed their act ./ (d) No error.
21. (a) The life-guard would not/ (b) let the children/ (c) to swim at the deep end of the
pool ./ (d) No error.
22. (a) He denied/ (b) to help/ (c) me./ (d) No error.
23. (a) Walking along the/ (b) bank of the river/ (c) the road began to rise./ (d) No error.
24. (a) It is time you/ (b) decide on your next/ (c) course of action ./ (d) No error.
25. (a) As I was feeling sleepy/ (b) I asked for/ (c) a steamed cup of tea./ (d) No error.
26. (a) I remember/ (b) meet him/ (c) five years ago./(d) No error.
27. (a) I have always/ (b) and will always/ (c) be faithful to you./ (d) No error.
28. (a) I am afraid/ (b) I did a mistake/ (c) in the calculation./ (d) No error.
29. (a) The lights went out/ (b) while we/ (c) took the examination./ (d) No error.
30. (a) His assistants have and/ (b) are still doing/ (c) excellent work for the organization./
(d) No error.
31. (a) After the teacher had told the boys/ (b) how to pronounce the word/ (c) all of
them in one voice repeated the word again ./ (d) No error.
32. (a) The company is not doing well./ (b) Isn't it time you/ (c) sell off your shares in it?./
(d) No error.
33. (a) He caught the boy/ (b) steal/ (c) the parcel./ (d) No error.

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 Verb (Advance)
34. (a) I declined the invitation/ (b) not because I did not want to go,/ (c) but because I have
no time./ (d) No error.
35. (a) It is a known fact/ (b) that time does not return back/ (c) once it is lost./ (d) No error.
36. (a) Even after sixty years of independence/ (b) lakhs of people/ (c) do not have bed to
sleep./ (d) No error.
37. (a) The dinosaurs could not/ (b) adapt to the/ (c) changing environment./ (d) No error.
38. (a) The students were/ (b) looking forward to/ (c) meet the eminent scientist./ (d) No error.
39. (a) The lady made the/ (b) little boy to wash/ (c) all the clothes./ (d) No error.
40. (a) We must get this letter/ (b) send/ (c) as soon as possible./ (d) No error.

Answers with explanation

1. (a) 'walking' ds igys 'while he was' tksM+sA ,slk u djus ij igysverb dk Hkh
'a car' subject cu
tk,xk ;kfu'walking' dk vkSj fiQj okD; dk vFkZ xyr gks tk,xkA
2. (a) After I had done my homework' dk iz;ksx djsaA ,slk u djus myij mother igys Hkkx
(having done my homework) dk Hkh subject cu tk,xk vkSj okD; dk vFkZ xyr gks tk,xkA
3. (a) 'Being' ds igys'it' dk iz;ksx djsaA (okD; 1 ,oa 2 dh O;k[;k ns[ksa)
4. (b) 'Bent on harming' dk iz;ksx 'bent to harm' ds LFkku ij djsaA'Bent on' dk vFkZ'determined
gS
to do' 'Bent on' ds ckn'harming' (V1 + ing) dk iz;ksx gksxk D;ksafd 'bend on' tSls dqNverbs/
phrases ds ckn'Gerund' (V1 + ing) dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
5. (b) 'Confident to pass' ds LFkku'Confident
ij of passing' dk iz;ksx djsaA Confident ds ckn'of'
dk iz;ksx gksrk gS'of'vkSjds ckn'V1 + ing' (Gerund) dkA
6. (b) 'with a view to' ds ckn‘V1 + ing’ dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA vr%ds LFkku 'helping'
'help' ij dk iz;ksx djsaA
7. (b) ‘to go’ ds LFkku ‘going’
ij dk iz;ksx djsaA
‘Avoid’ ds ckn‘gerund (V1 + ing)’ dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
8. (c) ‘boast’ ds ckn ‘of’ dk iz;ksx djsaA vxj ‘noun’ dks dksbZ ‘infinitive qualify’ djrk gS rks
'infinitive' ds ckn mi;qDr preposition dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
9. (a) ‘Avail’ ds ckn ,d ‘reflexive pronoun’ dk iz;ksx djsaA ‘one’ ;gk¡ subject ds :i esa iz;qDr gqvk
gSA vr% ‘avail’ ds ckn ‘oneself’ dk iz;ksx djsaA
10. (b) ‘Send’ ds LFkku V ij3 ‘sent’ dk iz;ksx djsaA
‘Get’ ,oa ‘Have’ dk iz;ksx vxj‘Causative Verb’
ds :i esa gks rksMain Verb 'V3' form esa gksxkA
Eg: Have it painted .
 
V3

Get it done
.
V3

11. (b) ‘Order’ ds lkFk‘for’ dk iz;ksx u djsaA

12. (a) ‘Considered’ ds lkFk‘as’ dk iz;ksx djuk xyr gSA ‘as’ gVk nsaA
(Chapter adverb ns[ksa)
13. (b) ‘Mind’ ds ckn‘Gerund’ dk iz;ksx gksxkA‘to be’ ds LFkku ‘being’
ij dk iz;ksx djsaA
14. (b) ‘Have’ dk vFkZ vxj ‘to possess’ gks rks
‘have’ ds lkFk‘ing’ dk iz;ksx ugha gksrkA
‘I am having’
ds LFkku ‘Iij have’ dk iz;ksx djsaA
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Verb (Advance)
15. (b) ‘worth’ ds ckn‘V1 + ing’ dk iz;ksx djuk lgh gksxkA ‘worth taking’ dk iz;ksx djuk lgh gksxkA
'were' dh 'was' esa ifjofrZr djsaA
It ds lkFkSingular verb 'was' dk iz;ksx gksxkA 'if ;gk¡
' dk iz;ksx
Conjunction ds :i esa gks jgk gS dkYifud okD; ds lwpd ds :i esa ughaA
16. (b) ‘bade’ (bid dk V2) ds cknplain infinitive (Vb.f) dk iz;ksx gksrk gS u fd
‘infinitive’ (to + Vb.f)
dkA‘to’ gVk nsaA
17. (c) ‘as’ gVk nsA‘think’ ds lkFk‘as’ dk iz;ksx ugha gksrkA
18. (b) fgUnh esa ge dgrs gS izR;k'kh ijh{kk nsaxsA bldkdj ds English esa dgrs gS
‘transtation’ ‘Candidates
will give test’A ;s xyr okD; gSA ‘Give’ ds LFkku ij ‘take’ dk iz;ksx gksxkA
19. (c) ‘than’ ds ckn‘attend’ dk iz;ksx djsa D;ksafd ‘would rather’ ds ckn Hkh verb ‘Vb.f’ form esa gSA
20. (c) ‘watch’ ds ckn ;k rks ‘gerund’ (V1 + ing) dk iz;ksx gksrk gS ;kplain fiQj infinitive (Vb.f) dkA
‘Performed’ ds LFkku ij ;k rks ‘performing’ dk iz;ksx djsa ;k fiQj ‘perform’ dkA
21. (c) 'Let' ds cknVb.f dk iz;ksx gksrk gS u 'tofd+ Vb.f' dkA'to' gVk nsaA
22. (b) ‘to help’ ds LFkku ‘helping’
ij dk iz;ksx djsaA‘Deny’ ds ckn‘gerund’ dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
23. (a) ‘while I was’ dk iz;ksx ‘walking along’ ds igys djsa (okD; 1 ,oa 2 dh O;k[;k ns[ksa)
24. (b) ‘decide’ dks‘decided’ esa ifjofrZr djsaA‘It is time + sub’ ds ckn ‘V2’ dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
25. (c) ‘steamed’ ls ‘action complete’ dk vkHkkl gksrk gSA still going on n'kkZus ds fy,
Action ‘V1
+ ing’ dk iz;ksxadjective ds :i esa djsaA ‘Steaming’ ds iz;ksx ls (Hkkai fudyrk gqvk ;kfu xeZ pk;)
‘action in continuation’ dk vkHkkl gksrk gSA
26. (b) ‘remember’ ds ckn‘Gerund’ dk iz;ksx gksxkA ‘Meet’ ds LFkku ij ‘meeting’ dk iz;ksx djsaA
27. (a) have ds lkFk‘V3’ dk iz;ksx gksrk gSwill vkSjds lkFk‘Vb.f’ dkA'will always' ds ckn‘be’ dk iz;ksx
gSA vr% have always ds ckn‘V3’ ‘been’ dk iz;ksx djsaA
28. (b) ‘Mistake’ ds lkFk‘do’ dk iz;ksx ugha gksrk‘make’ cfYd dk gksrk gSA ‘did’ vr% ds LFkku ij ‘made’
dk iz;ksx djsaA
29. (c) ‘took’ ds LFkku ij ‘were taking’ dk iz;ksx djsaA 'while' dk vFkZ gS ^ds nkSjku*A ;s dk;Z dks
Continuous Tense esa n'kkZrk gSA
30. (a) ‘have’ ds ckn‘done’ dk iz;ksx djsaA vxj ,d okD; esa ,d (;gk¡&
‘verb’ do) ds vyx&vyx forms
dh t:jr iM+s (;gk¡‘done’ ,oa ‘doing’) rks nksuksa
‘forms’ dk iz;ksx djsaA ge form
,d ls dke ugha
pyk ldrsaA
31. (c) ‘repeat’ ds lkFk‘again’ dk iz;ksx u djsaA (okD; 1 ,oa 2 dh O;k[;k ns[ksa)
32. (c) ‘sell’ dks‘sold’ esa ifjofrZr djsaA
‘It's time + sub’ ds ckn‘V2’ dk iz;ksx djsaA
33. (b) ‘steal’ dks‘stealing’ esa ifjofrZr djsaA
‘catch’ ds ckn Verb 'ing' form esa gksxkA
34. (c) ‘have’ dks‘had’ esa ifjofrZr djsaA pastokD;esa gSA
35. (b) ‘Return back’ superfluous word gSA ‘back’ gVk nsaA
36. (c) ‘Sleep’ ds ckn‘in’ yxk;saANoun ds ckn vxj infinitive dk iz;ksx gksinfinitive
rks ds ckn mi;qDr
preposition yxkrk gSA
37. (b) ‘adapt’ ds ckn‘themselves’ yxk;saA
38. (c) ‘Meeting’ (V1 + ing) dk iz;ksx ‘looking forward to’ ds lkFk gksxkA
39. (b) ‘to’ gVk nsA‘make’ ds ckn Plain Infinitive 'Vb.f' dk iz;ksx gksxkA
40. (b) ‘Send’ dk ‘sent’ esa ifjofrZr djsaA‘Get’ ds cknverb V3 form esa gksrk gSA

English for General Competition 133