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9 views

Index

Uploaded by

sohammayekar11
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Index

1. Introduction

2. History and Origin of Trigonometry

3. Meaning of Trigonometry

4. Trigonometric Ratios

5. Trigonometric Ratios of Standard Angles

6. Trigonometric Ratios of Complementary Angles

7. Trigonometric Identities

8. Applications of Trigonometry

9. Conclusion

1. Introduction

Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between the sides and angles of
triangles. It plays a crucial role in fields like physics, engineering, and astronomy. The name “trigonometry”
comes from the Greek words “trigonon” (triangle) and “metron” (measure).

2. History and Origin of Trigonometry

Trigonometry originated in ancient civilizations such as Babylon, Egypt, and India. Early mathematicians
used it for astronomy and navigation. Greek mathematician Hipparchus (circa 190–120 BCE) is often
regarded as the father of trigonometry. Indian mathematicians like Aryabhata and Bhaskara also made
significant contributions.

3. Meaning of Trigonometry

Trigonometry studies the relationships between angles and side lengths in triangles. It involves functions
like sine, cosine, and tangent to calculate unknown measurements.

4. Trigonometric Ratios

Trigonometric ratios are used to express the relationship between the angles and sides of a right triangle:

• Sine (sin) = Opposite side / Hypotenuse

• Cosine (cos) = Adjacent side / Hypotenuse

• Tangent (tan) = Opposite side / Adjacent side


• Cosecant (csc) = 1 / sin

• Secant (sec) = 1 / cos

• Cotangent (cot) = 1 / tan

5. Trigonometric Ratios of Standard Angles

The common standard angles are 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°. Their values are:

6. Trigonometric Ratios of Complementary Angles

Complementary angles add up to 90°. The following identities hold true:

• sin(90° − θ) = cos(θ)

• cos(90° − θ) = sin(θ)

• tan(90° − θ) = cot(θ)

• cot(90° − θ) = tan(θ)

• sec(90° − θ) = csc(θ)

• csc(90° − θ) = sec(θ)

7. Trigonometric Identities

Trigonometric identities are equations involving trigonometric functions that are true for all values of the
included angles:

• Pythagorean Identities:
• Sum and Difference Formulas:

sin(A ± B) = sinA cosB ± cosA sinB

cos(A ± B) = cosA cosB ∓ sinA sinB

8. Applications of Trigonometry

Trigonometry has a wide range of applications, including:

1. Navigation: Used to calculate distances between points on maps or oceans.

2. Architecture: Helps determine angles and lengths for constructing buildings.

3. Astronomy: Used for calculating distances between celestial objects.

4. Engineering: Essential in designing mechanical structures like bridges.

9. Conclusion

Trigonometry is a fundamental mathematical tool that connects geometry and algebra. Its applications are
vast, from day-to-day tasks like navigation to highly advanced scientific research.

Images

1.right triangle labeling sine, cosine, and tangent.


2. • Graph of sine, cosine, and tangent functions.
3.Real World Applications

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