Mathematics and Statistics for Computing AAQS038-4-1-MSC Probability Distribution

1. Calculate and tabulate the probabilities of 0, 2, and 4 successes for a binomial

situation with n =4 and p = 0.25.

2. If a manufacturer produces a product with a defective rate of 10% and if samples of 5

are taken from the production line, find the probability of 1, 3, 5 defectives in the
sample.

3. The probability that a machine need correcting adjustment during a day’s production
run is 0.2. If there are 6 machines running on a particular day, find the probability that
(a) no machines need correcting.
(b) just one machine need correcting.
(c) exactly two machines need correcting.
(d) more than two machines need correcting.

4. A company Minibus has 7 passenger seats and on a routine run it is estimated that any
passenger seat will be filled with probability of 0.42
(a) What is the mean and standard deviation of the binomial distribution of the
number of passengers on a routine run?
(b) Calculate the probability (to 3 decimal places) that, on a routine run:
(i) there will be no passenger;
(ii) there will be just one passenger;
(iii) there will be exactly two passengers;
(iv) there will be at least three passengers.

5. Items produced from a machine are known to be 1% defective. If the items are boxed
into lots of 200. What is the probability of finding a single box has 2 or more
defectives using binomial distribution?

6. The time taken to complete job of a particular type is known to be normally

distributed with mean 6.4 hours and standard deviation 1.2 hours. What is the
probability that a randomly selected job of this type takes
(a) less than 7 hours;
(b) less than 6 hours;
(c) between 6 and 7 hours.

7. Weights of bags of potatoes are normally distributed with mean 5 lbs and standard
deviation 0.2 lbs. The potatoes are delivered to a supermarket 200 bags at a time.
(a) What is the probability that a random bag will weigh more than 5.5 lbs?
(b) How many bags from a single delivery would be expected to weigh more than
5.5 lbs?

8. Company records show that the weekly distance travelled by their salesmen is
approximately normally distributed with mean 800 miles and standard deviation 90
miles. The sales manager considers that salesman who travel less than 600 miles in
one week are performing poorly. If the company employs 200 salesmen, how many
would be expected to perform poorly in a particular week?

9. A cab driver knows from experience that the number of fares he will pick up in an
evening is a random variable with µ = 21.3 and σ = 3.4. Assuming that the

1
Diploma Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation
Mathematics and Statistics for Computing AAQS038-4-1-MSC Probability Distribution

distribution of this random variable can be approximated closely with a normal curve,
find the probabilities that in an evening the driver will pick up
(a) at least 30 fares;
(b) anywhere from 20 to 25 fares inclusively.

10. A random variable X is normally distributed with a mean of 56 and a standard

deviation of 12. What is the probability that X will be
(a) less than 30,
(b) greater than 80,
(c) between 30 and 80.

11. If the diameters of ball bearings are normally distributed with a mean of 15.6 mm and
a standard deviation of 0.06 mm, determine the percentage of ball bearings with
diameters
(a) less than 15.5 mm,
(b) greater than 15.7 mm,
(c) between 15.5 mm and 15.7 mm.

12. The lifetime of a certain brand of tire is normally distributed, with a mean of 45,000
kilometers and a standard deviation of 25,000 kilometers. Find the probability that a
particular tire will last for
(a) more than 50,000 kilometers,
(b) less than 40,000 kilometers,
(c) between 35,000 and 55,000 kilometers.
(d) If the tires carry a warranty for 40,000 kilometers, what is the percentage of
tires that will fail before the warranty expires?

13. Assume that the annual water bills for all households in the community follow a n
normal distribution with a mean $480 and standard deviation $100. The city planner is
interested in houses that spend either less than $200 per year or more than $600 per
year. What is the probability that a randomly selected household from the community
falls into one of these categories?

Answers

1. P ( X=0 )= 4 C 0 ( 0 . 25 )0 (1−0 .25 )4−0=0 .316

P ( X=2 )=4 C 2 ( 0 .25 )2 ( 1−0 . 25 )4−2 =0 .211
P ( X=4 )=4 C 4 ( 0. 25 ) 4 ( 1−0. 25 ) 4−4 =0 .0039

2. P ( X=1 )=5 C 1 ( 0 . 10 )1 ( 1−0 . 10 )5−1 =0 . 328

P ( X=3 )=5 C3 ( 0. 10 )3 (1−0 .10 )5−3 =0 . 0081
P ( X=5 )=5 C5 ( 0. 10 )5 ( 1−0 .10 )5−5 =0 .00001

3. (a) P ( X=0 )=6 C 0 ( 0 . 2 )0 ( 1−0 . 2 )6−0 =0 . 262

(b) P ( X=1 )=6 C1 ( 0 . 2 )1 ( 1−0 . 2 )6−1 =0 . 393

(c) P ( X=2 )=6 C2 ( 0. 2 )2 ( 1−0. 2 )6−2=0. 246

2
Diploma Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation
Mathematics and Statistics for Computing AAQS038-4-1-MSC Probability Distribution

(d) P ( X >2 ) =1−P( X =0 )−P( X =1)−P( X=2 )

=1−0 .262−0 .393−0 . 246=0 . 099

4. (a) Mean = np = 7(0.42) = 2.94

Standard deviation = √ np ( 1− p ) =√ 2. 94 ( 1−0. 42 )=1 .306
(b) (i) P( X =0 )= C0 ( 0. 42 )0 ( 1−0 . 42 )7−0 =0 .022
7

(ii) P( X =1)=7 C 1 ( 0 . 42 )1 ( 1−0 . 42 )7−1=0. 112

(iii) P( X =2)=7 C 2 ( 0 . 42 )2 ( 1−0. 42 )7−2 =0 .243

(iv) P( X ≥3)=1−P( X =0 )−P( X =1)−P ( X=2 )
=1−0 .022−0 .112−0 . 243=0. 623

5. P ( X≥2 )=1−P( X=0 )−P( X =1)

=1−200 C 0 ( 0.01 )0 ( 1−0.01 )200−0 −200 C1 ( 0.01 )1 ( 1−0.01 )200−1
¿1−0.134−0.271
¿0.595

6. (a)
( 7−61. 2. 4 )=P ( Z< 0. 5) =0 .6915
P ( X <7 )=P Z<

P ( X <6 )=P ( Z <

1 .2 )
6−6 . 4
=P ( Z<−0 .33 )=0 .3707
(b)
(c) P ( 6<X <7 )=P (−0 . 33<Z<0. 5 ) =0 .6915−0 .3707=0 . 3208

P ( X >5 . 5 )=1−P ( X <5 .5 )=1−P Z < ( 5 . 5−5

0. 2 )
7. (a) =1−P ( Z <2 .5 )=1−0 . 9938=0. 0062
(b) 0 . 0062×200=1. 24≈1 bag

8.
P ( X <600 )=P Z<
90(
600−800
)
=P ( Z <−2 .22 )=0 . 0132

0 . 0132×200=2. 64≈3 salesmen

9. (a)
P ( X >30 )=P Z> ( 30−21 .3
3.4 )
=1−P ( Z <2 . 56 )=1−0 .9948=0 . 0052

(b)
P ( 20< X < 25 )=P (20−21
3.4
.3
<Z <
3.4 )
25−21 .3

=P ( Z<1. 09 )−P ( Z<−0 .38 )

=0. 8621−0. 3520=0 .5101

10. (a)
P ( X <30 )=P Z< ( 30−56
12 )
=P ( Z <−2 .17 )=0 . 0150

3
Diploma Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation
Mathematics and Statistics for Computing AAQS038-4-1-MSC Probability Distribution

(b)
P ( X >80 )=P Z> ( 80−56
12 )
=P ( Z >2 ) =1−0 . 9772=0 . 0228

(c) P ( 30<X <80 )=0 . 9772−0. 0150=0 . 9622

11. (a)
(
P ( X <15 . 5 )=P Z <
15 .5−15 .6
0 . 06 )=P ( Z <−1 .67 )=0 . 0475=4 . 75 %

P ( X >15 . 7 )=P ( Z >

0 . 06 )
15 .7−15 . 6
=P ( Z >1 . 67 )=1−0 . 9525=0 . 0475=4 . 75 %
(b)
(c) P ( 15. 5< X <15 .7 )
=P ( Z<1. 67 ) −P ( Z <−1. 67 )=0 . 9525−0 . 0475=0 .905=90 . 5 %

12. (a)
( 50000−45000
P ( X >50000 ) =P Z>
25000 )=1−P ( Z<0. 2)=1−0 .5793=0 . 4207
P ( X < 40000 )=P ( Z < )=P ( Z <−0 . 2)=0 . 4207
40000−45000
(b) 25000

P ( 35000< X <55000 )=P ( )

35000−45000 55000−45000
<Z <
(c) 25000 25000
=P (−0 . 4 <Z <0. 4 )
=0. 6554−0 . 3446=0 . 3108
(d) (0.4207)(100%) = 42.07%

13.
P ( X <200 )+ P ( X > 600 )=P Z < ( 200−480
100
+P Z> ) (
600−480
100 )
=P ( Z<−2. 8 ) +P ( Z>1 . 2 )
=0. 0026+ (1−0 . 8849 )
=0. 1177

4
Diploma Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation