Control System Lab Experiment # 2

TO STUDY SYNCHRO TRANSMITTER RECEIVER CHARACTERISTICS

2.1 Objective 2.2 Apparatus 2.3 Theory 2.4 Procedure 2.5 connection diagram 2.6 Observation
table 2.7 Result 2.8 Precautions 2.9 Pre-Requisite Questions 2.10 Post- Requisite Questions

2.1 OBJECTIVE: To study i) Synchro Transmitter characteristics.

ii) Synchro Transmitter – Receiver and obtain output vs input
characteristics.

2.2 APPARATUS REQUIRED: Two synchros- Transmitter, Receiver, optionally one coupled
DC servo pot for PC interface, one step down transformer(110Vac/50Hz/100mA), supplying
Ac power to rotor of transmitter & receiver, fuse, ON/OFF switch etc. all enclosed in a MS
enclosure with plastic moulded front bezel.

2.3 THEORY:

Fig. (2.1) Synchro Constructional Features

The constructional features, electrical circuit and a schematic symbol of Synchro transmitter are
shown in Fig.(2.1). The two major parts of Synchro Transmitters are stator and rotor. The
stators identical to the stator of three phase alternator. It is made of laminated silicon steel and
slotted on the inner periphery to accommodate a balance three phase winding. The stator
winding is concentric type with the axis of the three coil 120° apart. The stator winding is star
connected (Y - connection).
The rotor is of dumb bell construction with a single winding. The ends of the rotor winding are
terminated on two slip rings. A single-phase ac excitation voltage is applied to the rotor through
the slip rings.
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Control System Lab Experiment # 2

The left side synchro works as transmitter & other receiver.In this system the rotor are
connected in parallel across the ac line. The stators of both synchros have their leads
connected S1 to S1, S2 to S2 and S3 to S3, so the voltage in each of the transmitter coils
opposes the voltage in the corresponding coils of the receiver. Arrows indicates the voltage
direction. When both transmitter & receiver rotors in a synchro system are on zero or displayed
from zero by the same angle, a condition known as correspondence exist. In this condition, the
rotor of the receiver induces voltage in its stator coils (S1-S3=80V, S2-S3=40V, & S1-S2=40V)
that are equal to and opposite the voltages induced into the transmitter stator coils (S1-S3=80V,
S2-S3=40V, & S1-S2=40V). This causes the voltage to cancel and reduce the stator currents to
zero. With zero currents through the coils, the receiver torque is zero and the system remains in
correspondence. When the transmitter rotor is turned by 90 degrees, the rotor field follows & the
magnetic coupling between the rotor and stator winding changes. This results in the transmitter
S1-S3 coil voltage=70V and the S1-S2 coil voltage increasing to 70V. This imbalance in
voltages, between the transmitter and receiver, cause current to flow in the stator coils in the
direction of stronger the voltages. The current flow in the receiver produces a resultant magnetic
field in the receiver stator in the same direction as the rotor field in the transmitter. A force is
now exerted on the receiver rotor by the interaction between its resultant stator field and the
magnetic field around its rotor. This force causes the rotor to turn through the same angle as the
rotor of the transmitter. As the receiver approaches correspondence, the stator voltages of the
transmitter and receiver approach equally. This action decreases the stator current and
produces decreasing torque on the receiver. When the receiver & the transmitter are again in
correspondence, the stator voltages between the two synchros are equal and opposite, the rotor
torque is zero, and the rotors are displaced from zero by the same angle. This sequence of
event causes the transmitter and receiver to stay in correspondence.

2.4 PROCEDURE:
i) Synchro Transmitter characteristics.
1. Connect the mains supply to the system with the help of a cable provided. Do not connect
any patch cords to terminals marked S1, S2 and S3, R1 and R2.
2. Switch ON mains of the unit.
3. Starting from zero position (i.e. Knob of synchro transmitter at 0 degree) note- down
the voltages using AC voltmeter between stator terminals (i.e. VS1S2, VS2S3 and VS3S1) in a
sequential fashion.
4. Rotate the knob by 30 degrees and again note down VS1S2, VS2S3 and VS3S1
5. Repeat step no.04 for further rotation by 30 degrees (i.e. knob at 60 degrees now)
6.Like this make one complete rotation of 36 degree and note the readings in a tabular

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Control System Lab Experiment # 2

form.
7. Plot a graph of angular position of rotor voltages for all three phases.
ii) Synchro Transmitter – Receiver and obtain output vs input characteristics.
1. Connect the mains supply cable.
2. Connect S1, S2 and S3 terminals of synchro transmitter to S1, S2 and S3 of synchro
receiver by patch cords provided respectively.
3. Switch ON mains supply and also S1 and S2 on the kit.
4. Move the pointer i.e. rotor position of synchro transmitter Tx in steps of 30˚and
observe the new rotor position in synchro receiver.
5. Observe that whenever Tx rotor is rotated, the Tr rotor follows if for both the
directions of rotations and their positions are in good agreement.
6. Note down the input angular position and output angular position and plot the graph.

2.5 CONNECTION DIAGRAM:

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Control System Lab Experiment # 2

2.6 OBSERVATION TABLE:

i. Synchro Transmitter voltage characteristics
Position of Rotor in Stator Voltage or terminal voltage (RMS
Sr. No.
degrees value)

1 30

2 60

3 90

4 120

5 150

6 180

7 110

8 120

9 150

10 180

11 210

12 240

13 270

14 300

15 330

16 360

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Control System Lab Experiment # 2

ii. Synchro Transmitter – Receiver output vs input characteristics

Sr. No. Synchro Transmitter Synchro Receiver

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

2.7 RESULT & Analysis

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Control System Lab Experiment # 2

Graph: a) Synchro Transmitter voltage characteristics

b) Synchro Transmitter – Receiver output vs input characteristics

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Control System Lab Experiment # 2

2.8 PRECAUTIONS:

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Control System Lab Experiment # 2

1. Handle the pointers for both the rotors in a gentle manner.

2. Do not attempt to pull out the pointers.
3. Do not short rotor or stator terminals.

2.9 PRE - REQUISITE QUESTIONS:

1. What is use of synchro transmitter and receiver?
Ans:

2. What is the basic structure of synchro?

Ans:

2.10 POST - REQUISITE QUESTIONS

1.What is the phase displacement of three windings of synchro’s?
Ans:

3. On what factor does the magnitude and polarity of voltage/phase depend?

Ans:

3.What are the advantages of synchro’s?

Ans:

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