CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
Rationale of the study

Safe spaces for both women and men are crucial for fostering

environments where individuals can express themselves without fear of

judgment or discrimination. For women, these spaces offer refuge from

gender-based violence, harassment, and systemic inequality, allowing them to

share experiences and build solidarity. For men, safe spaces provide an

opportunity to address mental health, emotional isolation, and the pressures

of traditional masculinity, which are often overlooked in society. While gender-

specific spaces are important, it’s essential to ensure they remain inclusive

and sensitive to diverse gender identities, promoting mutual understanding

and respect for all. Ultimately, the goal is to create supportive environments

where individuals of all genders can feel valued, heard, and empowered.

According to Wilson and Youssef ( 2023), cultural safe spaces created

by immigrant communities in diaspora settings, focusing on how these spaces

help individuals maintain cultural identity while integrating into a new society.

The research suggests that cultural safe spaces are important for fostering a

sense of belonging and social integration, particularly for immigrants who face

cultural and linguistic barriers. It also discusses how such spaces serve as a

support network for newcomers dealing with discrimination and

marginalization.

Hall’s (2020)study, “Safe Spaces and the Experiences of Students of

Color in U.S. Higher Education Institutions,” found that safe spaces play a

critical role in promoting the mental health and well-being of students of color

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by offering a supportive environment to discuss racial and cultural issues.

These spaces helped foster a sense of belonging, empowering students to

develop their identities and navigate experiences of marginalization.

Participants also reported that safe spaces provided a vital community where

they could share common experiences of discrimination, helping them combat

isolation.

Reyes(2021)found that the concept of safe spaces within urban

communities in Metro Manila, with a focus on marginalized groups such as

the LGBTQ+ community, women, and low-income families. The research

explores how local organizations, community centers, and informal support

networks serve as safe spaces to offer social support, protection, and

empowerment. The study finds that these spaces provide emotional refuge,

build solidarity among marginalized groups, and enable individuals to voice

concerns about social inequalities and systemic discrimination.

This study examines RA 11313, the Safe Spaces Act, a key gap is the

inadequate understanding of its implementation difficulties, public awareness

levels, and the success of educational efforts. Although the law is designed to

protect against gender-based sexual harassment in various settings, there is

often a lack of comprehensive data on its enforcement across different areas.

Public knowledge about the law’s details is also inconsistent, highlighting a

need for more focused educational campaigns. Furthermore, assessments of

past educational efforts suggest potential weaknesses in their reach and

effectiveness, indicating that improved feedback mechanisms and

comparative analyses with similar laws could enhance both the law’s

implementation and public awareness.

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Research objectives

This study will determine the the extent of the implementation of

Republic Act 11313 and problems challenges encountered in R.A 11313 in

the specific location specially this study will be answer to the following

objectives.

1. To determine the socio-demographic profile of resident in Barangay

Ponblacion, Davao de Oro in terms of:

1.1. Age

1.2. Gender

1.3. Civil status

1.4. Educational Attainment; and

1.5. Ethnicity

2. To determine the extent of implementation of Republic Act 11313 in

terms of:

2.1. Government support; and

2.2. Community engagement

3. To determine the level of public awareness and problems

encountered on safe spaces act of the residents of Poblacion, Compostela,

Davao de Oro in terms of:

3.1 Catcalling; and

3.2 Wolf Whistling

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 4. To determine if there is a significant relationship between the extent

of implementation and problems encountered.

5. To determine if there is a significant relationship between the extent

of implementation and public awareness.

Hypotheses

HO1. There is no significant relationship between the extent of

implementation of Republic Act 11313 and public awareness.

HO2. There is no significant relationship between the extent of

implementation of Republic Act 11313 and public awareness.

Review of Related Literature

This study providing a comprehensive review of relevant literature and

studies from credible sources such as books, journals, and reputable

websites, ensuring that the research is grounded in existing knowledge. By

examining the efficacy of the implementation, challenges encountered, and

public awareness, it aligns the investigation with previous findings and

lessons learned from similar initiatives. This helps identify best practices,

anticipate potential difficulties, and assess how well-informed the residents of

Brgy. Poblacion, Compostela, Davao de Oro, are about the program. Using

credible and varied sources strengthens the validity and depth of the study,

ensuring its relevance and reliability.

Implementation

The obstacles posed by the execution of this Act stem from a number

of elements, including cultural aspects, awareness, and available resources.

4
Article 1 Section 8 states that the primary responsibility for executing the

provisions of this Act will rest with Local Government Units (LGUs).

Furthermore, the effectiveness of legislative frameworks as a whole may be

impacted by the sufficiency and consistency of government assistance

programs, which frequently determine whether such legislation is successful

(Petrunenko, 2022). For example, the examination of different government

assistance programs shows that efficient monitoring and assessment are

essential for maximizing budgetary allotments and guaranteeing that funds

are allocated to programs that have an impact. In addition, when considering

social welfare and legal protection, the Act's implementation can be seen as a

key evidence of government support (Kolaric & Markovic, 2022). A few local

government units have started putting the Safe Spaces Act into practice. In

order to inform the locals about the Act, LGU Tarlac, Bacolog, Agusan del

Sur, and Pangasinan, for example, start a workshop. However, due to

prevalent cultural beliefs, limited involvement frequently hinders such efforts.

Before the enactment of Republic Act No. 11313, also known as the

Safe Spaces Act of 2019, Republic Act No. 7877, or the Anti-Sexual

Harassment Act of 1995, was the primary legislation addressing sexual

harassment in the Philippines. However, RA 7877 only applied to sexual

harassment in the workplace, educational institutions, or training

environments, and was limited to acts committed by individuals in positions of

authority, influence, or moral superiority. The introduction of RA 11313 aimed

to address sexual harassment in both physical and online spaces, offering

protection to all genders. This paper seeks to examine the Safe Spaces Act,

beginning with Part 1, which delves into the broad definitions of sexual

5
harassment under both RA 7877 and RA 11313. Part 2 highlights the key

provisions of RA 11313 that address the gaps left by RA 7877. Lastly, the

roles and responsibilities of authorities tasked with the law's enforcement are

discussed. With the implementation of this law, the intent is to deter sexual

harassment by holding offenders accountable, as it applies to all genders and

all spaces. By reinforcing respect in Filipino society, it emphasizes the

fundamental right of every person to feel safe in their environment (Gonzales,

2022). However, Many local governments may lack the requisite training and

resources to enforce the provisions of the Safe Spaces Act. And also in this

paper, the authors provide a brief historical context, review recent research on

enforcement practices and developing understandings of compliance, and

guide a critical discussion of the practices that may emerge as enforcement

responsibilities are divided between the new National Probation Service

(NPS) and Community Rehabilitation Companies (CRCs) under the

Transforming Rehabilitation Agenda (Robinson, 2014).

Government support

According to the study of Petrunenko,(2022) The success of such

legislation often hinges on the adequacy and consistency of government

support programs, which can influence the overall effectiveness of legal

frameworks. For instance, the analysis of various government support

initiatives indicates that effective monitoring and evaluation are crucial for

optimizing budget allocations and ensuring that resources are directed

towards impactful programs. Additionally, the implementation of Republic Act

11313, which focuses on the prevention of gender-based violence, can be

viewed as a significant indicator of government support, particularly in the

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context of social welfare and legal protection. This act aims to enhance the

effectiveness of state mechanisms in addressing domestic violence, thereby

reflecting a commitment to safeguarding vulnerable populations.(Kolarić &

Marković, 2022). Therefore the effective implementation of support measures

often faces challenges such as inadequate resources and infrastructure,

which can hinder the success of programs aimed at small and medium-sized

enterprises(Gorshkova et al., 2019).

The implementation of R.A. 11313, which focuses on enhancing public

awareness regarding safety and prevention measures, can significantly

influence educational campaigns and government support. Evidence from

various studies indicates that effective public awareness initiatives lead to

improved knowledge and behavioral changes among communities. The direct

impact of targeted education on public health outcomes(Hasanov et al.,

2017).

And also According to Rohman and Adiwidjaja (2022) theyhighlighted

the importance of collaboration with community leaders and stakeholders to

foster trust and engagement, which is crucial for successful outreach

initiatives. Furthermore R.A. 11313, also known as the "Safe Spaces Act,"

emphasizes several key components that significantly influence government

support for public awareness campaigns. Firstly, it mandates the

establishment of comprehensive communication strategies to enhance public

understanding of the law and its implications, particularly regarding issues like

child sexual abuse and legal rights(‘Aisy et al., 2024).

Community Engagement

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 According to the paper of Neha and Saini (2012) emphasizes that

awareness of human rights through education and information is crucial for

community engagement. Implementing Republic Act 11313 can enhance

public awareness, fostering a culture of respect for rights and promoting

active participation in educational campaigns. Furthermore, the paper focuses

on a public awareness campaign methodology, utilizing focus group

discussions, questionnaires, and consultations with local government officers

to assess community engagement and awareness, which can inform similar

educational campaigns like those under Republic Act 11313 ( Alka &

Upadhyay, 2013).

In the study of Vallado, (2024) addresses several challenges

encountered in community engagement regarding the implementation of RA

11313, the Safe Spaces Act. A primary issue is the insufficient awareness and

understanding of the law among community members, which leads to limited

engagement and support for its initiatives. Many individuals, especially in

marginalized communities, are unaware of their rights and the protections

offered under the law. This lack of knowledge can deter victims from seeking

help or reporting incidents of gender-based sexual harassment, thus

undermining the law's objectives.

Another challenge is the inadequacy of existing structures to cater to

the specific needs of women, particularly in rural and underserved areas.

Community leaders often struggle to address gender-specific issues due to a

lack of targeted strategies that consider local contexts. Without frameworks

that prioritize women's experiences and perspectives, initiatives may fail to

resonate with the actual needs of the community. This oversight can

8
perpetuate gender inequality and hinder progress toward the goals outlined in

RA 11313.

Moreover, government initiatives frequently overlook grassroots

participation, which is vital for effective community engagement. Many

programs are designed without sufficient input from the communities they aim

to serve, leading to strategies that may not align with local priorities. This

disconnect can result in a lack of trust and commitment from community

members, further complicating the implementation of the law. Engaging

communities in the development and execution of these initiatives is essential

to ensure they are relevant and impactful.

Funding limitations also pose a significant barrier to effective

implementation and engagement efforts. The lack of financial resources for

awareness campaigns and training sessions prevents communities from

accessing vital information about the law and its protections. Without

adequate funding, local government units (LGUs) struggle to develop

programs that promote awareness and support for RA 11313. This financial

strain can ultimately stifle initiatives aimed at fostering a safer environment for

women and marginalized groups.

Public awareness

According to Mazlan et al.,(2020) Increased public knowledge of safety

programs corresponds with their effectiveness. For example, a research in

Johor Bahru found that community knowledge of safe city efforts has a major

impact on their performance. However, It served as a crime prevention

strategy, reducing the city's crime rate and allowing citizens to live peacefully

9
and safely without fear. To carry out this initiative, each municipal council's

department of town and country planning leads the effort by creating a safe

environment that reduces the likelihood of committing crimes. The purpose of

this study is to assess public awareness of the safe city program's execution

in Johor Bahru district. Community engagement is critical to ensuring that the

local community is fully aware of the safe city program and contributes to its

success. To assess the level of awareness, 80 questionnaires were sent to

the public in the impacted areas. The data was then analyzed using a

spreadsheet application and SPSS. The result has revealed.

However,Community involvement can advocate for needed resources

and training, bridging knowledge and financing gaps that limit the Act's

implementation (Inductivo, 2024). And also the Collaboration between

universities and communities can result in engagement models that improve

safety and support for vulnerable groups (Frabutt, 2011).

Cat calling

According to Cousens, (2024) Catcalling not only damages individuals

but also perpetuates detrimental cultural standards by placing victims in

inferior roles during interactions.However, it stresses that catcalling causes

structural harm by subordinating targets, implying that raising awareness

could challenge existing norms and potentially affect future discussion

dynamics. Moreover, Women frequently adopt coping techniques in reaction

to catcalling, which are influenced by their understanding of the behavior's

prevalence and societal repercussions (Farmer & Jordan, 2017). However,

Catcalling, long seen as a women’s issue, has recently gained the attention of

10
lawmakers. In 2019, the Philippine government passed Republic Act 11313,

also known as the Safe Spaces Act, which aims to prohibit and penalize

gender-based sexual harassment. Despite the law's existence, catcalling

remains widespread.

This study seeks to examine the experiences of women in Quezon City

who have encountered catcalling, investigating the effects on victims, the

common locations where it occurs, the typical perpetrators, and how the

victims perceive the Safe Spaces Act. A qualitative descriptive approach was

used in this research, with purposive sampling to select participants, who

were interviewed using an interview guide. The findings show that women are

most often targeted in public spaces, and perpetrators are typically strangers

or bystanders. The impact on victims includes mental, emotional, and

behavioral changes. Additionally, not all victims believe the law effectively

addresses the issue, as catcalling persists, and there is a lack of public

awareness campaigns. As stated by Cruz et. al (2021), every individual has

the right and responsibility to be aware about the things they need to avoid

doing publicly. Since, it will help them not to commit bad things regarding to

what person’s identity. This idea really proves that everyone in a specific

community must be publicly aware of their actions for them to prevent having

an issue in the aspect of gender-based harassment (Walton & Pederson,

2022). Moreover one of the actions that everyone must publicly body and

appearance of a certain individuals especially women which lead them

uncomfortable. Based on delgreo et al 2021 cat calling is a one of the main

focuses on the RA 11313 or safe spaces act where those individual who

commit this action will be penalized and punish. This means that the member

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of the community must be publicly aware of not committing the cat calling

action for them to not be impact by the anti bastos law or safe spaces act and

be protected by the certain policy (Cortez, 2021).

Wolf- whistling

According to Tikkunen & Kojola, (2020) Public awareness initiatives

can teach communities about wolves' ecological significance and the need of

their conservation. For example, research demonstrate that increasing public

participation through accessible information can lead to a better

understanding of wolf behavior and their impact on ecosystems.

The article "Why misogyny and hate crime reforms need more than

slick campaigns" by Barker and Jurasz (2020) contributes to the growing body

of literature on the intersection of misogyny and hate crime legislation. The

authors argue that while public awareness campaigns are important, they are

insufficient to address the pervasive issue of misogyny. This aligns with

existing research highlighting the need for legal frameworks that specifically

recognize and criminalize misogynistic violence and harassment (e.g., [cite

relevant research here]).

Several studies have explored the complexities of defining and

addressing misogyny within legal frameworks (e.g., [cite relevant research

here]). These studies often grapple with the challenges of distinguishing

misogyny from other forms of hate crime and ensuring that legal reforms are

effective in protecting women from violence and discrimination. The article by

Barker and Jurasz (2020) contributes to this discussion by emphasizing the

12
need for a nuanced approach that considers the specific context of misogyny

and its impact on women's lives.

Furthermore, the article touches on the broader issue of hate crime

legislation and its effectiveness in addressing various forms of discrimination.

Research on hate crime law has explored its potential to deter hate-motivated

violence and provide justice for victims (e.g., [cite relevant research here]).

However, there are ongoing debates regarding the scope of hate crime

legislation, the effectiveness of its implementation, and the need for further

reforms to address emerging forms of hate crime, including online harassment

and cyberbullying (e.g., [cite relevant research here]).

By focusing on the specific case of misogyny and its intersection with

hate crime reform, Barker and Jurasz (2020) provide a valuable contribution

to the ongoing discussion on the need for effective legal frameworks that

address gender-based violence and discrimination. Their call for more than

just public awareness campaigns resonates with the broader call for

comprehensive and nuanced approaches to combating hate crime and

promoting equality in society.

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 Independent variable Dependent Variable

Implementation of Republic Act Public awareness and problem

11313 encountered
• Government Support • Catcalling
• Community Engagement • Wolf Whistling

Modified Variable

Socio-Demographic Profile
• Age
• Gender
• Civil Status
• Educational Attainment
• Ethnicity

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

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Theoretical framework

This study was anchored from the theoretical support of the two

models in the effect of safe spaces. Theory of Social Identity (Tajfel & Turner,

1979), which posits that individuals’ sense of self is strongly influenced by

their membership in social groups. Safe spaces are designed to create

environments where individuals, particularly those from marginalized groups,

can express themselves freely without fear of discrimination, prejudice, or

harm. By promoting inclusion and respect for different identities, safe spaces

aim to reduce anxiety, fostering a sense of belongingand psychological safety.

This theory emphasizes the importance of social contexts in shaping

individual well-being and fostering a sense of security in spaces that affirm

one’s identity.

Furthermore, Critical Race Theory of (Delgado & Stefancic, 1993),

which explores the ways in which race and racism intersect with other forms

of social stratification and injustice. CRT highlights the importance of

understanding and addressing the lived experiences of marginalized

communities, particularly in the context of systemic oppression. Safe spaces,

therefore, become essential for protecting marginalized individuals from

harmful racial dynamics, providing a refuge where their voices can be

amplified and heard without the overwhelming force of racial bias.

These two theories are connected through their shared emphasis on

the importance of identity and the protection of vulnerable groups. Social

Identity Theory underlines the need for inclusive spaces that affirm

15
identity,while Critical Race Theory adds a layer of protection specifically from

racial and systemic harm. The Ecological Systems Theory (Bronfenbrenner,

1979) further links these concepts by suggesting that an individual’s

development is shaped by multiple environmental layers, including social

contexts. Safe spaces, seen as a supportive environment, directly influence

the immediate context within which individuals develop, offering a safe buffer

against external harmful influences while reinforcing identity and community

cohesion.

Significance of the study

Local Government Unit (LGU). The local government can find ways

to improve the implementation of the safe spaces program in barangay

Poblacion make better use of resources and make a tactic that fits the needs

of the area by evaluating the program. This study can use the result to help to

deal with issues and build stronger relationships with the residence. In terms

of this, this can help make the residence safer and improve their overall

quality of life by identifying potential hazards enhancing emergency response

strategies and promoting community awareness.

Resident of Barangay Poblacion. This research aims to directly

address the public awareness in about the community by giving them useful

information on about local issues, resources and initiatives that impact their

daily lives. This research focus on groups and informational session, the

project seeks to empower residence with knowledge and encourage active in

addressing challenges and improving their community to identify key concern

within the barangay assess current levels of awareness, and proposed

16
strategies to enhance community engagement and participation in local

governance.

Education and Awareness. Aim to create environments where

individuals feel respected, valued, and free from discrimination or harm. It

focuses on fostering inclusivity, encouraging open communication, and

promoting empathy among diverse groups. By educating people about safe

space principles, the goal is to reduce prejudice, increase understanding, and

support individuals in expressing themselves without fear of judgment,

harassment, or marginalization. This helps build communities that are more

supportive, accepting, and equitable for everyone.

Future Researcher. This study can be used as a guide by researchers

in the future who are interested in criminology and community police. It can be

used as a guide to understand how complicated problems are encountered

and to figure out how it affects. This method results and problems that were

experienced during the study can help guide future researchers. It also

stresses how important local context is and urges researchers to change their

methods to fit the specific social and cultural dynamics of the communities

they study.

Definition of Terms

To enhance the readers understanding of the current study the following were

clearly identified operationally

Implementation. It refers to the responsibilities and relationship

between the awareness and the law enforcement to achieve peaceful

environment and barangay Poblacion.

17
 Problem encountered. It refers to determining the needs and

problems of issues that arise in a specific context this can include obstacle

that hinder progress difficulties and unexpected events that complicated a

situation.

Public awareness. Refers to the knowledge of specific issues topic

involved raising issues topic or events.

Program. Refers to organize sets of activities or initiatives designed to

achieve a peaceful community in the community of the barangay Poblacion

Public safety. It refers to protecting the residence of barangay

Poblacion to make the community safe.

Government support. It refers to the actions taken by a government

to assist or help individuals, communities, businesses, or sectors in various

ways.

Community engagement. It refers to the involvement of individuals

and groups within a community in the decision-making processes, actions,

and activities that affect them.

Catcalling. Is a form of verbal street harassment where individuals are

subjected to unsolicited, often sexually suggestive comments or remarks by

others, typically in public spaces.

Wolf whistling. Is a specific form of catcalling, where someone uses a

sharp, high-pitched whistle to express admiration, often in a sexualized

manner, toward someone.

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 CHAPTER 2

METHODOLOGY

This chapter deals with the discussion of the methods and procedures

to be use in the study. It includes the research design, research locale,

butipochs of the research, research instrument, research procedures, data

analysis and statistical treatment of data

Research Design

This study will utilize a descriptive correlational research design. A

descriptive correlational research design collect data to characterize a

phenomenon, circumstance, or population. It clearly helps with addressing the

what, when, where, and how issues related to the study problem rather than

focusing on the why (MoCombes, 2022). Correlational research pertains to

the current situation it analyzes variations in features or establishes a

relationship between two or more variables. The objective of correlational

research is to identify the association between variables and quantify the

degree of this association (Queirós et al. 2017)

Since the general overview offers some helpful hints about which

variables are worth evaluating statistically, descriptive correlational research

is sometimes used as an introduction to quantitative research designs.

19
Descriptive correlational research design is often regarded as a dependable

method for researching specific subjects and acting as a basis for further

quantitative investigations. If the researcher is aware of its limitations, this

type of study can be a useful scientific instrument, even though there are

some reasonable concerns about the statistical validity.

This design will be chosen since it describes how aspects of

implementing policy and may be associated with varying levels problems

encountered and public awareness. This approach allows researchers provide

a nuanced and detailed picture of the connections between implementation

policy efforts and the safety of the residents.

Research Locale

Poblacion is a barangay in the municipality of Compostela situated at

approximately 7.6768, 126.0833, in the island of Mindanao. Elevation at these

coordinates is estimated at 74.8 meters or 245.4 feet above mean sea level,

in the province of Davao de Oro. Its population as determined by the 2020

Census was 22,193. This represented 24.69% of the total population of

Compostela The household population of Poblacion in the 2015 Census was

27.252 broken down into 5,439 households or an average of 5.01 members

per household The population of Poblacion grew from 15,552 in 1990 to

22.193 in 2020, an increase of 6,641 people over the course of 30 years. The

latest census figures in 2020 denote a negative growth rate of 4.24%, or a

decrease of 5,068 people, from the previous population of 27,261 in 2015

(Philatlas, 2022).

20
 Barangay Poblacion in Compostela, Davao de Oro serves as the

central hub for government operations, commerce, and public services in the

municipality, making it a key location for studying the implementation of local

programs. While the barangay plays a crucial role in rolling out initiatives

related to infrastructure, healthcare, and public safety, it faces challenges

such as limited resources, manpower shortages, and occasional resistance

from residents. Public awareness is vital for the success of these programs,

and although the barangay utilizes town hall meetings, social media, and

other outreach methods, there are gape in reaching all sectors of the potation

Thee makes Barangay Poblacion an important arsa for research on local

governance, program implementation, and community engagement.

Additionally, Barangay Poblacion’s unique position as the economic and

administrative center of Compostela allows for a closer examination of how

local leadership manages the balance between resource constraints and

public demand for services. The interplay between government initiatives and

resident participation provides a valuable context for understanding the

effectiveness of governance at the barangay level Researchers can also

explore how local culture, communication strategies, and socioeconomic

factors influence public awareness and engagement. Furthermore, studying

the barangay’s approach to solving implementation issues, such as

infrastructure gaps and community resistance, could offer insights into

scalable solutions for other similarly situated communities in rural or semi-

urban areas.

21
 Davao De Oro Barangay Poblacion Compostela

Figure 2. Map location of Barangay Poblacion, Compostela, Davao de Oro

22
Research Respondents

The researcher will be using stratified random sampling to locate

Barangay Poblacion people to evaluate the implementation of local programs,

problems encountered and public awareness in Compostela Davao de Oro.

This study utilized stratified sampling to divide the population into subgroups

or strata based on relevant characteristics. Each stratum is then treated as a

sampling entity and sampled randomly.

To ensure that each sample has an equal likelihood of being selected,

we aim to provide an impartial representative of the overall population, which

consists of 22,193 individuals. The researcher’s main criteria for choosing the

ting research respondents are those considered residents of Barangay

Poblacion to be acceptable individuals who could provide potential outcomes

to address both the general and specific research objectives. With the use of

Raosoft formula, the researcher chose a sample size of 378 individuals as

their total number of respor number of respondents. This sample size was

expected to provide sufficient information and adequately address the

research issues of the study.

Barangay Poblacion Actual Respondent Percentage

23
 Purok 1 19 5%
Purok 2 25 7%
Purok 3 40 11%
Purok 4 40 11%
Purok 5 34 9%
Purok 6 23 6%
Purok 7 19 5%
Purok 8 26 7%
Purok 9 19 5%
Purok 10 20 5%
Purok 11 17 4%
Purok 12 17 4%
Purok 13 20 5%
Purok 14 19 5%
Purok 15 40 11%
Total Population 378 100%

Research Instrument

The researcher Questioners were modified to fit the study and were

subjected to expert validations. The independent variable is extended of

implementation of different programs under safe space act which has

indicator as follows: Comprehensive Educational Drive Campaign and

Capacity building and training for LGU Personnel. The dependent variable is

problems encountered and public awareness which has indicator as follows:

Government Support and Community Engagement, and for public awareness

which has indicator as follows: Cat calling and Wolf Whistling.

The independent variable of the study was called using 5-point likert scaling.

System as follows:

Scale Range of means Descriptive level Interpretation

5 4.20 – 5.00 Very high This means that
the implementation
of different
program perceive

24
 is very evident.
This means that
the implementation
4 3.40 – 4.10 High of different
program perceived
is evident.
This means that
the implementation
of different
3 2. 60 – 3.39 Moderate
program perceive
is moderately
evident.
This means that
the implementation
2 1.80 – 2.59 Low of different
program perceived
is rarely evident.
This means that
the implementation
1 1.0 – 1.79 Very low of different
program perceived
is not evident.

The dependent of the problem and public awareness with the

indicators of government support and community engagement and forecast

calling on wolf whistling for public awareness indicator was scaled using

5-point Likert scaling.

System follows:

Scale Range of means Descriptive level

Interpretation
This means that a
5 4.20 – 5.00 Very high problem encountered
and public awareness
is always manifested.
This means that the
4 3.40 – 4.10 High problem encountered
and public awareness
is manifested.
3 2.60 – 3.39 Moderate This means that the
problem encountered
and public awareness
is moderately

25
 manifested.
This means that a
2 1.80 – 2.59 Low problem encountered
and public awareness
is rarely manifested.
This means that the
1 1.0 – 1.79 Very low problem encountered
on public awareness is
not manifested.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will follow the subsequent procedures in carrying out

the study Initially, the process involves obtaining an endorsement letter from

the research adviser and receiving permission for the panel list Next, the

researchers proceed to defend their manuscript proposal and obtain approval

from the panel members. Furthermore, the researcher sought validation of

their research questionnaire from a panel of specialists and obtained their

permission Next, the researchers submitted the required Research Ethics

Committee (REC) documents to the Davao de Oro State College-Main

Campus (DDOSC) to obtain their authorization Furthermore, the researchers

obtained permission from the Research Ethics Committee (REC), they have

been provided with an informed consent form by the REC. This form was

necessary for the researcher to carry out and distribute the questionnaires to

the chosen participants.

In addition, the researcher will acquire authorization from the Punong

barrio to distribute questionnaires to barrio residents. Next, the researchers

sent letters to the participants to request permission. Participants also

received the consent letters to voluntarily participate in the study. Participants

then received the research instrument for one hour. Respondents had one

26
hour to complete the modified questionnaire. Statistical approaches were

used to collect, retrieve, count, and analyze the data.

Statistical Treatment

The statistical tools employed for data analysis and interpretation, with

a significance level of 0.05 using a two-tailed test, were as follows:

Percentage and Frequency. This was used to determine the socio-

demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender, civil

status,educational attainment and ethnicity. This sought to answer problem 1.

Mean. This study aimed to assess the level implementation and

problems encountered and public awareness in the residents of Barangay

Poblacion, Compostela, Davao de Oro. This sought to answer problems 2, 3

and 4.

Standard deviation. This tool had measure of how dispersed the data

is in relation to the mean. Low standard deviation means data are clustered

around the mean, and high standard deviation indicates data are more spread

out. This sought to answer problems 2.3 and 4.

Pearson-r. This study aimed to assess the correlation between

implementation and problems encountered and public awareness in the

residential area of Barangay Poblacion, Compostela, Davao De Oro. This

sought to answer problem 4.

ANOVA. This study aims to assess the difference between

implementation and problems encountered and public awareness when group

27
according to age, gender, civil status, ethnicity. This sought to answer

problem 5.

Ethical Consideration

The researchers will ensure ethical compliance in the study by strictly

following the study protocol and adhering to all the rules associated with this

research. The researcher diligently obtained the required consent from

important school administrator and municipal authorities in yh Explicit study

area Explicit consent was obtained from the study participants, ensuring that

their rignts would be completely safeguarded, specifically regards

management, including, but not restricted to:

Conflict of Interest. This study lack any evidence indicating a conflict

of interest. The study only prioritized primary objectives, such as the well-

being of participants and the accuracy of research trends, without any impact

on secondary goals

Privacy and Confidentiality. The study may require asking questions

that entail confidentiality and may risk the personal information of the

respondents. Therefore, the researcher takes measures to guarantee that any

confidential information supplied by the respondents remains private and is

treated with the highest level of confidentiality. The researcher bears full

responsibility for any unauthorized disclosure of the participant’s confidential

personal information.

Informed Consent Process. Prior to conducting the study, the

researcher took measures to guarantee that the selection of words and

terminology was clear and harmless. Specifically, the research questions

28
underwent thorough evaluation and assessment by experts. In addition, the

questions are translated into the respondents’ native language to assure their

comprehension and to elicit authentic information from them

Vulnerability. The objective of this work was to explain the imperative

of safeguarding the entitlements of human subjects engaged in criminological

research and the methodologies employed to achieve this.

Recruitment. Only individuals who are 15 years old or older were

eligible to join. The Individuals were pottaly asked to volunteer in the thườy by

completing the questionnaire. The study had thoroughly described to the

participants, and upon their agreement, they received the questionnaire and

received guidance from the researcher in completing it.

Assent. Since our respondents are 15 years of age and older, the

consent form for underage respondents was not applicable.

Risks. In certain cases, participants may encounter feelings of

uneasiness and concem when participating in the study because of the

inclusion of sensitive questions that have the potential to violate their personal

information. Therefore, to mitigate or reduce the nsk, the researcher takes

measures to obtain informed consent from adult participants, specifically

those who are 18 years of age or older. The purpose and advantages of the

study will be elucidated to the participants by the researcher. If the

participants demonstrate a comprehensive understanding and willingly

indicate their desire to participate, they will be provided with a questionnaire

However, if the participants do not fully comprehend or express reluctance,

29
the researcher lacks the authority to coerce them, and they retain the right to

decline without Incurring any negative repercussions or penalties

Benefits. The study aims to assess the efficacy of implementation and

problems encountered and public awareness in the residential area of

Barangay Poblacion The study selects individuals as responders who will

provide the requisite information for the study. The findings of this study may

not have immediate practical advantages for the participants. Furthermore,

the outcome of this investigation will also yield advantages for the community

in terms of heightened security, better confidence and improved standard of

living.

Incentives or compensation. The study has no touch of financial or

other personal considerations may compromise.

Community consideration. The study’s findings offer valuable

insights into the efficacy of community policing in fostering safety, trust, and

cooperation among community members. To enhance comprehension of the

significance of community policing within a community.

Collaborative study term or references. The researcher affirmed the

act of presenting the work of others, while ensuring the inclusion of accurate

and suitable citations to acknowledge the original source or author. The study

presented accurate and definitive data and findings, nevertheless, it lacks the

ability to manipulate research data in order to corroborate hypotheses and

other data. The researcher will undergo a series of changes in accordance

with the recommendations provided by her mentor and panelists.

30
 Other issues. Additional matters and considerations will be evaluated

during the implementation of the study.

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