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2 views9 pages

dc_assignment_1 (1)

Uploaded by

mohanapriya2210021
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UEC1501 – Digital Communication

Assignment (CO1)
Name: Mohanapriya K
Reg.No:3122223002076

A subsection of the transmitter section of a communication system is shown in


the below figure. Consider the input as your face image (resize as 256×256),
find the transmitted signal Y with the waveform codec as DPCM and Delta.

 Implement the system using MATLAB. Submit your design with


supportive illustrations & calculations.
 Tabulate and comment on the bandwidth required for coded waveforms
and raw image transmission (without coding).

 Consider the first five samples of the source image and represent them
using a line coding format. Specify the disadvantage in it and suggest a
suitable pulse shaping methodology to overcome it.
Note: if you use colour image as input convert that to gray level
image and proceed.

Matlab Code:

% Load and preprocess the image


img = imread('76.jpg'); % Load the image file
img = imresize(img, [256, 256]); % Resize to 256x256
if size(img, 3) == 3
img = rgb2gray(img); % Convert to grayscale if it's a color image
end
img = double(img); % Convert image to double for processing

% Display the original image


figure;
imshow(uint8(img));
title('Original Image (256 x 256)');

% Select the first five samples from the image for NRZ representation
first_five_samples = img(1, 1:5); % Take first five values from the first
row

% Display selected five sample values for verification


disp('Selected first five sample values for NRZ representation:');
disp(first_five_samples);

% Step 2: DPCM Encoding


dpcm_encoded = zeros(size(img));
predicted_value = 0;

for i = 1:numel(img)
dpcm_encoded(i) = img(i) - predicted_value;
predicted_value = img(i);
end

% Display the DPCM encoded image


figure;
imshow(uint8(dpcm_encoded + 128)); % Shift to make values visible in
grayscale
title('DPCM Encoded Image');

% Step 3: Delta Modulation (DM) Encoding


step_size = 1; % Adjust as needed
dm_encoded = zeros(size(img));
dm_signal = 0;

for i = 1:numel(img)
if img(i) > dm_signal
dm_encoded(i) = 1;
dm_signal = dm_signal + step_size;
else
dm_encoded(i) = -1;
dm_signal = dm_signal - step_size;
end
end

% Display the Delta Modulation encoded image


figure;
imshow(uint8((dm_encoded + 1) * 127.5)); % Normalize values for
display
title('Delta Modulation Encoded Image');

% Step 4: Bitrate and Bandwidth Calculation


raw_bitrate = 256 * 256 * 8; % Bits per pixel (8 bits for grayscale)
dpcm_bitrate = nnz(dpcm_encoded) * 8; % Bitrate based on non-zero
values in DPCM
dm_bitrate = nnz(dm_encoded) * 1; % 1 bit per symbol for DM

% Assuming bandwidth is proportional to bitrate


raw_bandwidth = raw_bitrate; % Same as bitrate for simplicity
dpcm_bandwidth = dpcm_bitrate; % Same as bitrate for DPCM
dm_bandwidth = dm_bitrate; % Same as bitrate for DM

% Prepare table data with scientific notation using '×10^'


input_sizes = repmat({'256 x 256'}, 3, 1); % Repeat to match rows
codecs = {'No', 'DPCM', 'DM'};

% Convert values to strings with exponent format using '×10^'


bitrates = {sprintf('%.2f × 10^%d bps',
raw_bitrate/10^floor(log10(raw_bitrate)), floor(log10(raw_bitrate))), ...
sprintf('%.2f × 10^%d bps',
dpcm_bitrate/10^floor(log10(dpcm_bitrate)),
floor(log10(dpcm_bitrate))), ...
sprintf('%.2f × 10^%d bps',
dm_bitrate/10^floor(log10(dm_bitrate)), floor(log10(dm_bitrate)))}; %
bps for bitrate
bandwidths = {sprintf('%.2f × 10^%d Hz',
raw_bandwidth/10^floor(log10(raw_bandwidth)),
floor(log10(raw_bandwidth))), ...
sprintf('%.2f × 10^%d Hz',
dpcm_bandwidth/10^floor(log10(dpcm_bandwidth)),
floor(log10(dpcm_bandwidth))), ...
sprintf('%.2f × 10^%d Hz',
dm_bandwidth/10^floor(log10(dm_bandwidth)),
floor(log10(dm_bandwidth)))}; % Hz for bandwidth

% Display table of results


T = table(input_sizes, codecs', bitrates', bandwidths', ...
'VariableNames', {'Input_Size', 'Codec', 'Bitrate', 'Bandwidth'});

disp(T);

% Step 5: Line Coding for First Five Samples using NRZ


% Apply scaling factor for better visualization if needed
scaling_factor = 10; % Adjust scaling to make small variations visible
scaled_samples = first_five_samples * scaling_factor;
time = 1:5;

% Plot NRZ Representation with scaled samples


figure;
stairs(time, scaled_samples, 'LineWidth', 2); % Using 'stairs' for NRZ
title('NRZ Line Coding for First Five Samples (Scaled)');
xlabel('Sample Number');
ylabel(['Amplitude (Scaled by ', num2str(scaling_factor), ')']);
grid on;

% Display disadvantages and solutions


disp('Disadvantage of line coding: High-frequency components increase
bandwidth.');
disp('Solution: Use pulse shaping filters like raised cosine to reduce ISI
and bandwidth requirements.');
Output:

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