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5 views

Truss

Uploaded by

pwdbiplobbaral
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction &

Basic Concepts of
“TRUSS”
Department of Civil Engineering
Course Title : Structural Analysis and Design
Course No.: CE-3101

Prepared By: Md. Rejoan Chowdhury


Lecturer
Department of Civil Engineering
Introduction
What are the trusses?

 Trusses are framework structures that

distributes the loads by taking


advantage of the inherent stability of
a triangle.

They are designed to sustain inclined,


vertical, horizontal loads accruing at
or between its points of support.
Characteristics of Trusses

The general configuration of a truss is triangle.


The members are connected of their end by frictionless pin.
The loads are applied only at joints and not at the intermediate points of
a member.
Advantages & Uses of Trusses

 Trusses enables the creation of light structures that can span large
distances and endure heavy loads.
 Their presence enables builders to achieve maximal economy of materials.
 They are generally used in roofs, bridges and buildings.
 They are also used in structures for architectural purposes.
Types of Trusses

Fig.: Simple Truss Fig.: Compound Truss Fig.: Complex Truss


Types of Roof Trusses

Fig.: Pratt Truss Fig.: Howe Truss


Types of Roof Trusses

Fig.: Bow String Truss Fig.: Three-Hinged Arch (Truss)


Types of Fink Trusses

Fig.: Warren Fink Truss Fig.: Fan Fink Truss


Assumptions of Trusses
All loads are transmitted at joints.
 All members are joined by pin connections.
Consist entirely of two-force members.
Can contain zero-force member.
Zero-force Members
What are zero-force members?
 Structural members that carry no force.

 Why do we use them?


 Used to provide stability-
– During construction,
– If (intermittent) loading of the truss changes.
 Shortens chord length and increases buckling capacity of compression members.
Components of Trusses

Figure: Components of a Typical Truss


Joint Connections of Trusses

Fig.: Welded Connection Fig.: Pin Connection Fig.: Gusset Plate Connection
Truss Supports

Fig.: Fixed Support Fig.: Roller Support


Working with Trusses:
Analysing Structural Forces in Truss Members
 Truss members will carry either
– Axial tension (T) forces or
– Axial compression (C) forces.

 There are two methods of evaluating trusses.


– Method of Joints (static equilibrium of a point)
– Method of Sections (static equilibrium of a rigid body).
Truss Analysis: Method of Joints
 Evaluate an individual joint or pin connection.
 Treat each joint as a 2D particle in equilibrium.
 Can have a maximum of two unknowns.
 Can sum forces in x & y direction.
Truss Analysis: Method of Sections
 Evaluate a section including multiple
joints.
 Treat as 2D rigid body in equilibrium.
 Must cut through structural members
to evaluate the force.
 Maximum of three unknowns (to solve
everything).
 Can sum forces in x & y direction.
 Can sum moments.
So, What Are The Objectives of Truss
Analysis?

The prime objectives are –


-To determine the support reactions.
-To determine the forces supported by individual members of the truss.
Can trusses have curved members?
 The ideal answer is NO.
 But, if the members are sufficiently stiff so that moments developed at the
connections are negligible, the answer can be yes.
 The most notable thing is, Curved members are not so cost-effective.
Some Cool Examples of Truss Structures
(Bangladesh)

Bhairab Railway Bridge


(UK-Bangladesh Friendship
Bridge-constructed)
Some Cool Examples of Truss Structures
(Bangladesh)

Padma Bridge Hardinge Railway Bridge


(Construction undergoing)
Some Cool Examples of Truss Structures
(Overseas)
Some Cool Examples of Truss Structures
(Overseas)

Waterville Bridge
USA
Thank You

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